Histopathological changes in the rat liver exposed to chronic thinner inhalation

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 95 - 99, 01.12.2013

Ahmet Burak Toros Bülent Yaşar Leyla Özel Güray Kılıç

Öz

Background and Aims: Organic solvents are liquid substances commonly used in everyday life. These solvents exist in paint (as a thinner), polishes and adhesives. People are exposed to volatile solvents through inhalation, skin contact or oral ingestion. Thinner is used as a narcotic, especially among young people of low socioeconomic level. Thinner abuse has become a growing health issue in our country. The aim of this study was to determine the histopathological changes in a rat liver exposed to chronic thinner inhalation. Materials and Methods:This is a randomized trial conducted at the animal care facility of Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital. Forty male Albino-Wistar rats were used throughout the study. Three groups of rats inhaled thinner in a glass cage for 1, 3 or 5 weeks, respectively. Ten rats that inhaled only room air served as the control group. Results: Focal necrosis, granuloma, piecemeal necrosis, and portal inflammation were established in the liver, and these histopathological changes became more prominent as the exposure period extended. There was no significant difference between groups regarding bile duct damage. Conclusions: On the basis of histopathological evaluations, it was shown that exposure to chronic thinner inhalation causes detectable damage to the liver, which becomes more prominent as the exposure period prolongs

Anahtar Kelimeler

Drug users, inhalation, liver, thinner

Kronik tiner inhalasyonuna maruz bırakılan sıçanların karaciğerinin histopatolojik değerlendirmesi

Öz

Giriş ve Amaç: Organik çözücüler günlük yaşamda sık kullanılan sıvı maddelerdir. Bu çözücüler tiner, cila ve yapıştırıcı olarak boyalarda bulunur. İnsanlar uçucu çözücülere inhalasyon, cilt teması veya oral olarak maruz kalır. Tiner özellikle toplumun düşük sosyoekonomik grubundaki gençler tarafından narkotik olarak kullanılır. Tiner kötüye kullanımı ülkemizde büyüyen bir sağlık sorunu haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı kronik tiner inhalasyonuna maruz kalan sıçan karaciğerindeki histopatolojik değişiklikleri belirlemek ve tinerin sıçan karaciğerinde yarattığı toksik etkileri, uçucu madde bağımlılarına bir uyarı olarak ortaya koymaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu, Haydarpaşa Numune Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi hayvan bakım tesisinde gerçekleştirilen randomize bir çalışmadır. Çalışmada 40 Wistar albino sıçan kullanıldı. Üç grup sıçan sırayla 1,3 ve 5 hafta boyunca cam bir kafeste tiner soludu. On sıçan kontrol grubu olarak sadece oda havası soludu. Bulgular:Karaciğerde fokal nekroz, granülom, güve yeniği nekrozu ve portal inflamasyon saptandı ve maruziyet süresi uzadıkça bu histopatolojik değişiklikler daha belirgin hale geldi. Safra kanalı hasarı bakımından gruplar arasında önemli fark yoktu. Sonuç:Histopatolojik değerlendirmelere dayanarak, kronik tiner inhalasyonunun karaciğerde maruziyet süresi uzadıkça daha belirgin hale gelen saptanabilir hasara yol açtığı gösterilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İlaç kullanıcıları, inhalasyon, karaciğer, tiner

Kaynakça

• Flanagan RJ, Ruprah M, Meredith TJ, Ramsey JD. An introduction to the clinical toxicology of volatile substances. Drug Saf 1990; 5: 359-83.
• Vural N. Toksikoloji. 2. baskı. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi, 1996; 453-80.
• Bayrakçı B, Şahin M, Özen M, Ünal Ş. Thinner ingestion causes hyperthermia. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci 2009; 29: 416-9.
• Tiner-Selülozik. Türk Standartları Enstitüsü. TS 9720/Ocak 1992.
• Ramsey J, Anderson R, Bloor K, Flanagan RJ. An introduction to the practice, prevalence and chemical toxicology of volatile substance abuse. Human Toxicol 1989; 8: 261-9.
• Debasish B, Om PJ, Jaspreet S, Suresh K, Surendra KM. Inhalant abuse by adolescents: a new challenge for Indian physicians. Indian J Med Sci 2004; 58: 245-9.
• Meadows R, Verghese A. Medical complications of glue sniffing. South Med J 1996; 89: 455-62.
• Ulakoğlu EZ, Saygı A, Gümüştaş MK, et al. Alterations in superox- ide dismutase activities, lipid peroxidation and glutathione levels in thinner inhaled rat lungs: relationship between histopathologic properties. Pharmacol Res 1998; 38: 209-14.
• Akinobu T, Hideyuki S, Yoshiaki I, et al. A 27-year-old man who died of acute liver failure probably due to trichloroethylene abuse. J Gastroenterol 2008; 43: 239-42.
• Vural M, Ogel K. Dilated cardiomyopathy associated with toluene abuse. Cardiology 2006; 105: 158-61.
• Zaidi SA, Shaw AN, Patel MN, et al. Multi-organ toxicity and death following acute unintentional inhalation of paint thinner fumes. Clin Toxicol 2007; 45: 287-9.
• Cobanoglu B, Ozercan IH, Ozercan MR, Yalcin O. The effect of in- haling thinner and/or cigarette smoke on rat kidneys. Inhal Toxicol 2007; 19: 303-8.
• Mazlum C, Ahmet T, Meral E. Substance abuse, conduct disorder and crime: assessment in a juvenile detention house in Istanbul, Turkey. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2005; 59: 151-4.
• Bolukbasi S, Habesoglu TE, Habesoglu M, et al. Histopathological changes of rat larynx mucosa with exposure to chronic thinner in- halation. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2009; 141: 75-80.
• Ishak K, Baptista A, Bianchi L, et al. Histological grading and stag- ing of chronic hepatitis. J Hepatol 1995; 22: 696-9.
• Martin KA. Toluene toxicity. Toledo (Ohio): Department of Emer- gency, The Toledo Hospital, e Medicine Specialties; 2001: 1-13.
• Yamada K. Influence of lacquer thinner and some organic solvents on reproductive and accessory organs in male rat. Biol Pharm Bull 1993; 16: 425-7.
• Estrada JG, Segura AR, Garzon P. Cerebral cortex and body growth development of progeny of rats exposed to thinner and turpentine inhalation. Gen Pharmac 1988; 19: 467-70.
• Carabez A, Sandoval F, Palma L. Ultrastructural changes of tissues produced by inhalation of thinner in rats. Microsc Res Tech 1998; 40: 56-62.
• Frame SR, Carakostas MC, Warheit DB. Inhalation toxicity of an isomeric mixture of hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) in male rats. Fund App Toxicol 1992; 18: 590-5.
• Ostergaard G. 125 Toluene. The Nordic expert group for criteria documentation of health risks from chemicals 2000; 19: 1-33.
• Jaeschke H, McGill MR, Ramachandran A. Oxidant stress, mito- chondria, and cell death mechanisms in drug-induced liver injury: lessons learned from acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Drug Metab Rev 2012; 44: 88-106. Epub 2012 Jan 10.