EXCESS INSURANCE CONTRACTS

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 141 - 193, 07.05.2020

Damla Küçük

https://doi.org/10.34246/ahbvuhfd.733327

Öz

Excess insurance contract is a type of insurance contract in which the insurer undertakes to pay a certain portion of the loss which is excess to the insurance amount specified in the primary insurance contract, providing that the insurance amount in the primary insurance contract is exhausted. In other words, unless amount of loss which shows up when risk occurs exceeds the insurance amount in primary insurance contract, policyholder can’t claim against insurer of excess insurance contract. This situation, in the context of excess insurance contract, causes to raise some legal issues about when insurer’s obligation to indemnify is born, whether insurer has a duty of defend and / or has an obligation to pay defense costs and relationship between primary and excess insurer. Although, excess insurance contracts is readily made in Turkey, and because of that, some precedent is developed by Supreme Court for issues shows up in the context of these insurance contracts, related literature is very limited. In this respect, in this work, it has been tried to examine some legal issues arising in the context of excess insurance contracts and brought some suggestions, in the light of the solutions found in the Anglo-Saxon - American Laws.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Excess insurance contract, Umbrella excess insurance, Following form excess insurance, Insurer’s obligation to indemnify, Insurer’s duty of defend

İKİNCİL SİGORTA SÖZLEŞMELERİ

Öz

İkincil sigorta sözleşmesi; sigortacının, zararın birincil sigorta sözleşmesinde belirlenen sigorta bedellerinin üstünde kalacak belli bir kısmını, birincil sigorta sözleşmesindeki sigorta bedelinin tüketilmesi koşuluyla ödemeyi üstlendiği bir sigorta sözleşmesi türüdür. Bir başka ifade ile risk gerçekleştiğinde ortaya çıkan zarar miktarı, birincil sigorta sözleşmesindeki sigorta bedelini aşmadığı ve bu bedel fiilen tüketilmediği sürece, sigorta ettiren ikincil sigorta sözleşmesini akdeden sigortacıya başvuramaz. Bu durum ikincil sigorta sözleşmesi bağlamında sigortacının tazminat ödeme borcunun ne zaman doğmuş sayılacağı, sigortacının sigorta ettireni savunma yükümlülüğünün olup olmadığı ve / veya sigorta ettirenin savunma masraflarını ödeme borcunun olup olmadığı ve bu meseleler bağlamında birincil sigortacı ile ikincil sigortacının ilişkileri bakımından, bir takım hukuki meselelerin doğmasına yol açmaktadır. Türkiye’de ikincil sigorta sözleşmeleri hali hazırda yapılıyor, dolayısıyla Yargıtay tarafından bu sözleşmeler bağlamında ortaya çıkan meseleler için bir takım içtihatlar oluşturulmuş olsa da, bu sözleşmelerle ilgili literatür oldukça kısıtlıdır. Bu bakımdan, çalışmada ikincil sigorta sözleşmeleri bağlamında ortaya çıkan çeşitli hukuki meseleler Anglo Sakson - Amerikan Hukukunda bulunan çözümler ışığında, Türk Hukuku’nda geçerli kural ve ilkeler bakımından irdelenmeye, bazı önerilerde bulunulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İkincil sigorta sözleşmesi, Kapsamlı ikincil sigorta, Takip eden ikincil sigorta, Sigortacının tazminat ödeme borcu, Sigortacının savunma borcu.

Kaynakça

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