Early Release in English Criminal Law

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3, 261 - 294, 31.07.2023

Ali Emrah Bozbayındır

https://doi.org/10.34246/ahbvuhfd.1270715

Öz

Early release, with or without conditions, is an indispensable element of the modern criminal justice apparatus, albeit controversial. It reflects, at times, the tension between the interest of reducing the prison population on the one hand and the interest of keeping, say, violent offenders longer behind bars to preserve the public's trust in the criminal justice system in a given society. The present article presents the English early release model, which is marked by complexity and change, yet, quite interesting for a comparatist, for it makes crystal the aforementioned tensions in the liberal criminal justice apparatus, especially in the law few years. The present article starts with an overview of the model and basic concepts of early release in England and Wales, emphasizing its mixed model of early release, which combines automatic and discretionary models of early release. The article then briefly analyses the historical development of the law of early release in England and its modern evolution from the Criminal Justice Acts 1967 to the most recent, the Review of the Parole System conducted by the Ministry of Justice in 2022. The article also examines the current bifurcated temporal requirements for conditional release and the role and decision-making process of the parole board. After providing an overview of the recall procedures and types of recall, the article examines the use of electronic monitoring in the context of conditional release and the temporary release schemes adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Conditional release, automatic release, parole board, recall, electronic monitoring

İNGİLİZ CEZA HUKUKUNDA KOŞULLU SALIVERİLME

Öz

Erken salıverilme ister bir koşula bağlamış olsun ister olmasın modern ceza adaleti sisteminin vazgeçilmez bir unsurlarından bir olma niteliği arz etmektedir. Buna mukabil, koşullu salıverilme oldukça tartışmalı bir kurum niteliğindedir. Koşullu salıverilme, çoğu zaman cezaevi nüfusunun azaltılması menfaati ile örneğin şiddet ihtiva eden suçları işlemiş faillerin daha süre cezaevinde tutulması suretiyle belli bir toplumda kamunun ceza adaleti sistemine güveninin muhafazası menfaati arasındaki gerilimi yansıtmaktadır. Bu makale, oldukça karmaşık ve sürekli değişen bir yapı arz eden İngiliz koşullu salıverilme modelini tahlil etmektedir. Bu karmaşık yapısına rağmen İngiliz modeli, bir karşılaştırmalı hukukçu için bilhassa liberal bir ceza hukuku sisteminde yaşanan yukarıda ifade edilen gerilimi billurlaştırmış olması bakımından oldukça ilginç bir örnek teşkil etmektedir. Makale, İngiliz koşullu salıverilme modeli ve kavramlarının kısaca izah edilmesiyle başlamaktadır. İngiliz modeli, otomatik ve takdiri salıverilme sistemlerine bir arada yer veren karma bir model niteliğindedir. Bu izahları müteakip, İngiltere’de koşullu salıverilmenin tarihsel gelişimini ve modern dönemdeki 1967 tarihli Ceza Adaleti Kanunu’ndan (Criminal Justice Act 1967) en son 2022 yılındaki Adalet Bakanlığı Koşullu Salıverilme Sisteminin İncelenmesi Değerlendirme Raporu’na (the Review of the Parole System by the Ministry of Justice) kadar olan modern dönemdeki dönüşümünü kısaca tahlil edilmektedir. Çalışmada daha sonra, koşullu salıverilmeden yararlanmanın zamansal şartına ilişkin mevcut suç ve suçlu tipine göre farklılaştırılmış ikili bir yapı arz eden şartları ve koşullu salıverilme kurulunun karar alma süreçlerini incelemektedir. Koşullu salıverilme kararının geri alınması ve geri alınma kararı türlerini inceledikten sonra makale koşullu salıverilme bağlamında elektronik izlemenin kullanılması ve Yeni Koronavirüs Hastalığı (COVID-19) salgını döneminde benimsenen geçici salıverilme düzenlemelerinin tahlil edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Koşullu Salıverilme, otomatik salıverilme, koşullu salıverilme kurulu, koşullu salıverilme kararının geri alınması, elektronik izleme

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