Doğal Gaz Talep Tahmininin Yapay Sinir Ağları İle Modellenmesi: Danimarka Örneği

Öz

Küresel enerji yapısındaki tarihsel izlek, özellikle doğal gaz ve yenilenebilir enerji talebinin arttığı bilgisini sunmaktadır. Bu kapsamda doğal gaz, en önemli enerji kaynaklarındandır birisidir ve yüksek metan içeriği ile karakterize edildiğinden, yenilenebilir enerjiden sonraki en temiz enerji kaynağı kabul edilmektedir. Aynı zamanda, küresel ısınmanın azaltılması ve iklim değişikliği sorunsalına çözüm için gerekli olan düşük karbonlu enerji sistemlerine geçişte çok önemli bir köprü yakıtı olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, dünyanın sürdürülemez olduğu bir gelecek öngörüsünde, enerji kaynaklarının öncülüğünde bir dizi politika önleminin alınması gerekmektedir. Bununla birlikte, bu politika önlemlerinin ülkelerin enerji politikalarındaki toplumsal davranış ve tercihlerdeki değişimlerle güçlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Dolayısıyla, artış trendinde olan doğal gaz enerji kaynağı ile ilgili politika kararlarının alınmasında ve uygulanmasında doğal gaz talep tahmin işlemleri oldukça önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın amacı, Danimarka’nın 2021-2050 dönem aralığındaki yıllık doğal gaz talebinin Yapay Sinir Ağları metodolojisi izlenerek tahmin edilmesidir. Amaç doğrultusunda 1984-2020 dönem aralığına ait doğal gaz tüketimi, doğal gaz üretimi, doğal gaz ithalatı, GSYH, nüfus ve enflasyon değişkenlerine ilişkin veriler kullanılmıştır. Ampirik kanıtlarda, modelin ortalama mutlak yüzde hatasının 2.22 düşük bir hata oranına sahip güçlü, kararlı ve etkili bir yöntem olduğu görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte, senaryo tahmin sonuçları doğal gaz talebinin 2050 yılında 2.25 milyar m3 tüketime ulaşacağını göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Doğal Gaz Talebi
• Tahmin
• Yapay Sinir Ağları
• Danimarka

Modeling of Natural Gas Demand Forecast with Artificial Neural Networks: The Example of Denmark

Öz

The historical trajectory in the global energy structure presents the information that especially demand for natural gas and renewable energy is increasing. In this context, natural gas is one of the most important energy sources and is considered the cleanest energy source after renewable energy, as it is characterized by its high methane content (70-90%). At the same time, it is considered as a very important bridge fuel in the transition to low-carbon energy systems, which is necessary for reducing global warming and solving the problem of climate change. In this context, in the foresight of a future in which the world is unsustainable, a series of policy measures should be taken under the leadership of energy resources. At the same time, these policy measures need to be strengthened by changes in the social behavior and preferences of countries’ energy policies. Therefore, natural gas demand forecasting processes have a very important place in taking and implementing policy decisions regarding the natural gas energy source, which is in an increasing trend. In this context, the aim of the study is to estimate the annual natural gas demand of Denmark in the 2021-2050 period by following the Artificial Neural Networks methodology. For the purpose, data on natural gas consumption, natural gas production, natural gas imports, GDP, population and inflation variables for the 1984-2020 period were used. In the empirical evidence, the mean absolute percent error of the model has been shown to be a powerful, stable and effective method with a low error rate of 2.22. At the same time, scenario estimation results showed that natural gas demand will reach 2.25 billion m3 consumption in 2050.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Natural Gas Demand
• Forecast
• Artificial Neural Networks
• Denmark

Kaynakça

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