"Buen Vivir" ve Alternatif Kalkınma Yaklaşımlarının Latin Amerika'da Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedeflerine Ulaşmaya İlişkin Yansımaları

Öz

Ekonomik, siyasi, sosyal ve kültürel bir dönüşüm süreci olan kalkınmanın nasıl sağlanacağı ve göstergeleri önemli bir tartışma konusudur. Heterojen toplumların varlığının kabulü, insan merkezli bakış açısının birleşimi, kalkınmanın katılımcı bir şekilde gerçekleşmesi gerektiği fikri ile kalkınmanın farklı yollarla da gerçekleşeceği ve süreçte yerel toplulukların katkısının da önemli olduğu anlayışına yönelim görülmektedir. Çalışmanın temel amacı, Birleşmiş Milletler sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedeflerinden herhangi birinde başarılı olmuş Latin Amerika ülkelerinin başarısı üzerinde, Latin Amerika kökenli "İyi Yaşam (Buen Vivir)" felsefesi ve alternatif kalkınma yaklaşımları arasında bir paralellik olup olmadığını tespit etmektir. Bütünsel ekolojik hümanizm, dayanışma ekonomileri, işçi özyönetim ekonomisi, kooperatifçilik, katılımcı kalkınma, üretimde adil dönüşüm, insan merkezli kalkınma, mikro krediler, tabanda sürdürülebilir kalkınma, sürdürülebilir geçim gibi yaklaşımlar “İyi Yaşam” felsefesi ile uyumlu olup başarı ile tamamlanan hedeflerde de bu felsefeye paralel sonuçlar görülmüştür. İlerleme kaydedilen hedeflere bakıldığında yoksulluğun olmaması, kaliteli eğitim, cinsiyet eşitliği, düşük maliyetli ve temiz enerji, sürdürülebilir şehirler ve toplumlar, sağduyulu tüketim ve üretim, iklim eylemi ve hedefler için işbirliği başlıklarının yoğunlaştığı tespit edilmiştir ve bunlar “Buen Vivir” felsefesindeki kavramlarla ilişkilendirilebilecek konulardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Latin Amerika
• SDGs
• İyi Yaşam
• alternatif kalkınma

Reflections of “Buen Vivir” and Alternative Development Approaches in Latin America Relating to the Achievement of SDGs

Öz

How development, a process of economic, political, social, and cultural transformation, is achieved and its indicators are a significant topic of debate. With the acceptance of the existence of heterogeneous societies, the combination of a human-centered perspective, and the idea that development should be realized in a participatory manner, there is a tendency towards a development approach where development can be achieved in more than one way and where the contribution of local communities is also important at the core of the process. The main purpose of the study is to identify whether there is an analogy between "Good Living (Buen Vivir)" philosophy which originate from Latin America and alternative development approaches on the success of Latin American countries which have been successful in any of the United Nations sustainable development goals. Approaches such as holistic ecological humanism, solidarity economies, worker self-management economics, cooperatives, participatory development, just transformation in production, people-centered development, microcredit, grassroots sustainable development, and sustainable livelihoods are all compatible with the “Buen Vivir” philosophy, and the successful completion of these goals has not yielded results parallel to this philosophy. A review of progress on goals reveals a focus on poverty eradication, quality education, gender equality, affordable and clean energy, sustainable cities and societies, responsible consumption and production, climate action, and cooperation on goals and these are the subjects that can be related to the concepts in “Buen Vivir” philosophy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Latin America
• SDGs
• Buen Vivir
• alternative development

Kaynakça

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