The Importance Of Social Capital, Service Innovation And Knowledge Sharing In The Creation Of The Ideal Employee: “Mediating Role Of Work Commitment”

Öz

İdeal Çalışanın Oluşmasında Sosyal Sermaye, Hizmet İnovasyonu ve Bilgi Paylaşımının Önemi: “İşe Bağlılık Değişkeninin Aracılık Rolü”

Öz

Bu çalışmada çalışanların sosyal sermayelerinin onların hizmet inovasyonu ve bilgi paylaşımı değişkenleri ile ilişkisi belirlenmeye çalışılmış, bu etkide işe bağlılık değişkeninin söz konusu değişkenler arasında aracılık rolü olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın uygulama kısmında öncelikle ele alınan değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerden hareketle araştırma modeli oluşturulmuş ve hipotezler geliştirilmiştir. Daha sonra hipotezlerin test edilmesi için Erzurum ilinde perakendecilik (retail) sektöründe faaliyette bulunan bir işletmedeki 147 çalışandan anket yoluyla veriler toplanmıştır. Veriler korelasyon analizi ve yapısal eşitlik modellemesi (YEM) analizi ile test edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular sonucunda, sosyal sermayenin işe bağlılık ve hizmet inovasyonu değişkenine olumlu yönde etkisi olduğu ve işe bağlılık değişkeninin sosyal sermaye ve hizmet inovasyonu değişkenleri arasında aracılık rolü oynadığı tespit edilmiştir. İşe bağlılık değişkeninin ise bilgi paylaşımı değişkeni üzerinde herhangi bir etkisi olmadığı görülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında uygulamaya ve yazına yönelik öneriler ortaya konulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sosyal sermaye
• İşe Bağlılık
• Bilgi Paylaşımı
• Hizmet İnovasyonu

Kaynakça

1. Agarwal, U. A. (2014). Linking Justice, Trust and İnnovative Work Behaviour to Work Engagement. Personnel Review, 43(1), 41-73.
2. Akgül, İ. (2019). Bilgi Paylaşımının Çalışan Yaratıcılığı ve Yenilik Yapma Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkisinde Algılanan Örgütsel Desteğin Aracı Rolü: Bilişim Teknolojileri Çalışanları Üzerine Bir Araştırma (Yayınlanmış Doktora Tezi). Erzincan: Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi.
3. Amintojjar, H., Shekari, G. A., & Zabihi, M. R. (2015). The effect of social capital on organizational citizenship behavior: A case study of employees in Mashhad Municipality. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 4, 144-153.
4. Ansari, A. H., & Talan, A. (2017). Emotional Intelligence and Work Engagement as Mediators of Big Five Personality and Knowledge Sharing. Global Journal of Enterprise Information System, 9(3), 16-25.
5. Antoncic, B. & Hisrich, R. D. (2001). Intrapreneurship: Construct Refinement and Crosscultural Validation. Journal of Business Venturing, 16 (5), 495-527.
6. Avcı, N. & Ulu, G. G. (2014). İstanbul'da Faaliyet Gösteren Seyahat Acentelerinde Personel Güçlendirme ve İnovasyon İlişkisi. Balikesir University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 17(31), 327-344.
7. Aydintan, B., Göksel, A. ve Bingöl, D. (2010). Örtülü bilgi Paylaşım Niyeti Üzerinde Sosyal Sermaye ve Denetim Merkezi Odaklılığının Rolü: Hekimlikte Bir Alan Araştırması. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(1), 1-26.
8. Bakker, A. B., & Oerlemans, W. (2011). “Subjective Well-Being İn Organizations”. G. M. Spreitzer, & K. S. Cameron (Eds), içinde: The Oxford handbook of positive organizational scholarship (s. 178-189). New York: Oxford University Press.

9. Baron, R. M. ve Kenny, D. A. (1986). The Moderator–Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality And Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
10. Baum, F. E., & Ziersch, A. M. (2003). Social capital. Journal Epidemiol Community Health, 57, 320-323.
11. Berman, S. L., Down, J., & Hill, C. W. (2002). Tacit Knowledge As a Source of Competitive Advantage İn the National Basketball Association. Academy of Management Journal, 45(1), 13-31.
12. Brown, S. P. (1996). A Meta-Analysis and Review of Organizational Research on Job İnvolvement. Psychological Bulletin, 120(2), 235-255.
13. Burt, R. (1992). Structural Holes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press .
14. Carson, K. D., Carson, P. P., & Bedeian, A. G. (1995). Development and Construct Validation Of A Career Entrenchment Measure. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 68(4), 301-320.
15. Chang, C. W., Huang, H. C., Chiang, C. Y., Hsu, C. P., & Chang, C. C. (2012). Social Capital And Knowledge Sharing: Effects On Patient Safety. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68(8), 1793-1803.
16. Chen, Z. J., Zhang, X. I., & Vogel, D. (2011). Exploring the Underlying Processes Between Conflict and Knowledge Sharing: A Work‐Engagement Perspective 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41(5), 1005-1033.
17. Chen, W. J. (2011). Innovation in Hotel Services: Culture and Personality. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(1), 64-72.
18. Chiu, C. M., Hsu, M. H., & Wang, E. T. (2006). Understanding Knowledge Sharing İn Virtual Communities: An İntegration of Social Capital And Social Cognitive Theories. Decision Support Systems, 42(3), 1872-1888.
19. Cohen, D. ve Prusak, L. (2001). Kavrayamadığımız Zenginlik: Kuruluşların Sosyal Sermayeleri. İstanbul: Mess Yayınları.
20. Cook, S. (2008). The Essential Guide To Employee Engagement: Better Business Performance Through Staff Satisfaction. Kogan Page Publishers.
21. Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler İçin Çok Değişkenli İstatistik: SPSS ve LISREL Uygulamaları. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
22. Doğan, S., & Kiliç, S. (2009). Bilgi Yönetiminde Liderliğin Rolü Üzerine Kavramsal Bir İnceleme. Suleyman Demirel University Journal of Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences, 14(2), 87-111.
23. Eser, K. ve Gökmen, E. Ç. (2009). Beşeri Sermayenin Ekonomik Gelişme Üzerindeki Etkileri: Dünya Deneyimi ve Türkiye Üzerine Gözlemler. Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi, 1(2), 41-56.
24. Faria, A. C. S., & Gomes, C. F. S. (2016). Servıce Innovatıon Performance Applıed On Marketıng Solutıon A Holıstıc Approach.
25. Fornell, C. ve Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models With Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
26. Garg, S., Dhar, R. L. (2017). Employee Service İnnovative Behavior: The Roles of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX), Work Engagement, and Job Autonomy. International Journal of Manpower, 38(2), 242-258.
27. Greve, A., Benassi, M., & Sti, A. D. (2010). Exploring The Contributions of Human And Social Capital To Productivity. International Review of Sociology, 20(1), 35-58.
28. Gu, J., Zhang, Y., & Liu, H. (2014). Importance of social capital to student creativity within higher education in China. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 12, 14-25. Gürbüz, S. (2019). Amos ile Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
29. Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2016). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
30. Hair, J. F., Black, W., Anderson, R., Babin, B. R. ve Tahtam, R. L. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings. London: Mcmillan Book Company.
31. Hogel, M., Parboteeah, K. P. & Munson, C. L. (2003). Team-Level Antecedents Of İndividuals’ Knowledge Networks”. Decision Sciences, 34, 741-770.
32. Hollebeek, L. D., Andreassen, T. W., Smith, D.L.G., Grönquist, D., Karahasanovic, A. & Márquez, Á. (2018). Epilogue-Service İnnovation Actor Engagement: An İntegrative Model. Journal of Services Marketing, 32(1), 95-100.
33. Hsu, C. P., Chang, C. W., Huang, H. C., & Chiang, C. Y. (2011). The Relationships Among Social Capital, Organisational Commitment And Customer‐Oriented Prosocial Behaviour Of Hospital Nurses. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 20(9‐10), 1383-1392.
34. Hu, M.L.M., Horng, J.S. & Sun, Y.H.C. (2009). Hospitality Teams: Knowledge Sharing And Service İnnovation Performance. Tourism Management, 30(1), 41-50.
35. Hu, L. & Randel, A. E. (2014). Knowledge Sharing İn Teams: Social Capital, Extrinsic İncentives, And Team İnnovation. Group & Organization Management, 39(2), 213-243.
36. Kaasa, A. (2009). Effects of Different Dimensions of Social Capital on İnnovative Activity: Evidence From Europe At The Regional Level. Technovation, 29(3), 218-233.
37. Kahn, W.A. (1990). Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement At Work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(3), 692-724.
38. Kankanhalli, A., Tan, B. C. Y., & Wei, K. K. (2005). Contributing Knowledge to Electronic Knowledge Repositories: An Empirical İnvestigation. MIS Quarterly, 29, 113-143.
39. Kindström, D., Kowalkowski, C. & Sandberg, E. (2013). “Enabling Service İnnovation: A Dynamic Capabilities Approach”. Journal of Business Research, 66(8), 1063-1073.
40. Kim, T. T., Lee, G., Paek, S., & Lee, S. (2013). Social Capital, Knowledge Sharing and Organizational Performance. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 25, 683-704.
41. Kim, W., & Park, J. (2017). Examining Structural Relationships Between Work Engagement, Organizational Procedural Justice, Knowledge Sharing, And İnnovative Work Behavior For Sustainable Organizations. Sustainability, 9(2), 205.
42. King, N. K. (2004). Social Capital And Nonprofit Leaders. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 14(4), 471-486.
43. Krishna, A., & Uphoff, N. T. (1999). Mapping and Measuring Social Capital: A Conceptual And Empirical Study of Collective Action For Conserving And Developing Watersheds in Rajasthan, India. World Bank: Social Development Family, Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Network.
44. Lefebvre, V. M., Sorenson, D., Henchion, M. ve Gellynck, X. (2016). Social Capital And Knowledge Sharing Performance of Learning Networks. International Journal of Information Management, 36(4), 570-579.
45. Lowe, R., & Marriott, S. (2006). Enterprise: Entrepreneurship And İnnovation: Concepts, Contexts And Commercialization. NY: Routledge.
46. Luthans, F. (2002). The Need For and Meaning of Positive Organizational Behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(3), 695-706.
47. May, D.R., Gilson, R.L. & Harter, L.M. (2004). The Psychological Conditions of Meaningfulness, Safety And Availability and The Engagement of The Human Spirit at Work. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(1), 11-37.
48. Meydan, C. H. ve Şeşen, H. (2015). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi AMOS Uygulamaları. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
49. Mura, M., Lettieri, E., Spiller, N., & Radaelli, G. (2012). Intellectual Capital And İnnovative Work Behaviour: Opening The Black Box. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 4, 4-39.
50. Nahapiet, J. & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social Capital, İntellectual Capital, And The Organizational Advantage. Academy Of Management Review, 23(2), 242-266.
51. Oke, A. (2004). Barriers to İnnovation Management in Service Companies. Journal of Change Management, 4(1), 31-44.
52. Oliveira, M., Curado, C. M., Maçada, A. C. & Nodari, F. (2015). Using alternative scales to measure knowledge sharing behavior: Are there any differences?. Computers in Human Behavior, 44, 132-140.
53. Özkalp, E. & Meydan, B. (2015). Schaufeli ve Bakker Tarafından Geliştirilmiş Olan İşe Angaje Olma Ölçeğinin Türkçe’de Güvenilirlik ve Geçerliliğinin Analizi. Isguc: The Journal Of Industrial Relations And Human Resources, 17(3), 1-19.
54. Özsungur, F. (2019). Etik Liderliğin Hizmet İnovasyon Davranışı Ve İç Girişimcilik Üzerindeki Etkisinde, İşe Bağlılığın Aracılık Rolü: Türkiye'deki Ticaret Ve Sanayi Odaları Örneği (Yayımlanmış Doktora Tezi). Aksaray: Aksaray Üniversitesi.
55. Pastoriza, D., Arino, M. A., Ricart, J. E., & Canela, M. A. (2015). Does an Ethical Work Context Generate İnternal Social Capital?. Journal of Business Ethics, 129(1), 77-92.
56. Peng, K. Z., Ngo, H.Y., Shi, J. & Wong, C.S. (2009). “Gender differences in the work commitment of Chinese workers: An investigation of two alternative explanations. Journal of World Business, 44, 323–335. Pettigrew, A. (1987). Context and action in the transformation of the firm”. Journal of Management Studies, 24(6), 649-70.
57. Print, M. & Coleman, D. (2003). Towards Understanding Of Social Capital And Citizenship Education. Cambridge Journal of Education, 33(1), 123-149. Putnam, R., Leonardi, R., & Nanetti, R. (1993). Making Democracy Work Princeton. NJ: Princeton University Press.
58. Saleh, S. D. & Hosek, J. (1976) Job İnvolvement: Concepts And Measurements. Academy of Management Journal. 19(2), 213-215.
59. Schaufeli, W. & Bakker, A. (2003). Utrecht work engagement scale: Preliminary manual. Utrecht: Occupational Health Psychology Unit, Utrecht University.
60. Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The Measurement Of Engagement And Burnout: A Two Sample Confirmatory Factor Analytic Approach. Journal Of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71-92.
61. Scott, S. G. & Bruce, R. A. (1994). Determinants of İnnovative Behavior: A Path Model Of İndividual İnnovation İn The Workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 580-607.
62. Shalley, C. E. & Gilson, L. L. (2004). What Leaders Need To Know: A Review of Social Andcontextual Factors That Can Foster Or Hinder Creativity. The Leadership Quarterly, 15(1), 33-53.
63. Srivastava, A., Bartol, K. M., & Locke, E. A. (2006). Empowering Leadership İn Management Teams: Effects on Knowledge Sharing, Efficacy And Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 49(6), 1239-1251.
64. Şahin, M. (2009). Örgüt Kültürü İle Bilgi Paylaşma Tutumu Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Türk Katılım Bankacılığı Alanında Bir Araştırma (Yayımlanmış Doktora Tezi). İstanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi.
65. Tamta, V., & Rao, M. K. (2017). The Effect of Organisational Justice on Knowledge Sharing Behaviour İn Public Sector Banks İn India: Mediating Role of Work Engagement. International Journal of Business Excellence, 12(1), 1-22.
66. Tang, T. W., Wang, M. C. H. ve Tang, Y. Y. (2015). Developing Service İnnovation Capability İn The Hotel İndustry. Service Business, 9(1), 97-113.
67. Tekin, E. (2019). Girişimcilik ve Sosyal Sermaye. Konya: Eğitim Yayınevi.
68. Tsai, W. (2001). Knowledge Transfer in İntraorganizational Networks: Effects of Network Position And Absorptive Capacity on Business Unit İnnovation And Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 44(5), 996-1004.
69. Tsai, W., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social Capital and Value Creation: An Emperical Study of İntra-Firm Networks. Academy of Management Journal, 4, 60-65.
70. Ul-Hassan, M., S. Shaukat, M. Shakeel, M. Imran (2012). Interrelations between Organizational Culture, Innovation and Employee Performance: Evidence from Banking Sector of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS), 32(2), 339-355. Wasko, M. M. ve Faraj, S. (2005). Why should I share? Examining Social Capital and Knowledge Contribution İn Electronic Networks of Practice. MIS Quarterly, 29, 35–57.
71. West, M.A. & Farr, J.L. (1990). Innovation and Creativity at Work: Psychological and Organizational Strategies. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons.
72. Widén-Wulff, G., & Ginman, M. (2004). Explaining Knowledge Sharing in Organizations Through The Dimensions of Social Capital. Journal of İnformation Science, 30(5), 448-458.
73. Willem, A. ve Scarbrough, H. (2006). Social Capital and Political Bias in Knowledge Sharing: An Exploratory Study. Human Relations, 59(10), 1343-1370.
74. Wong, P. K., & He, Z. L. (2005). A Comparative Study of İnnovation Behaviour in Singapore's KIBS and Manufacturing Firms. The Service Industries Journal, 25(1), 23-42.
75. Yamaguchi, I. (2013). A Japan-US Cross-Cultural Study Of Relationships Among Team Autonomy, Organizational Social Capital, Job Satisfaction, And Organizational Commitment. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 37(1), 58-71.
76. Young, S.M. (1992). A framework for successfuladoption and performance of Japanese manu-facturing practices in the United States. Academyof Management Review, 17, 677-700.
77. Yu, Y., Hao, J. X., Dong, X. Y. ve Khalifa, M. (2013). A Multilevel Model For Effects of Social Capital and Knowledge Sharing in Knowledge-İntensive Work Teams. International Journal of Information Management, 33(5), 780-790.