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Üretim Etkinsizliğine Döngüsel Ekonomi Yaklaşımı: Stokastik Sınır Analizi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 582 - 597, 27.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.26745/ahbvuibfd.1098446

Öz

3R prensibine dayalı döngüsel ekonomi kavramı, atık yönetimi konusunda farklı fikirlerin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Atık yönetimi bir yandan 5R ve 10R hiyerarşilerinin önerileriyle genişlerken, diğer yandan geri kazanım sürecinin R aşamalarının önemli bir bölümünü kapsayacak şekilde tanımlanmaktadır. Verimlilik analizi olan CE tartışmaları, VZA'nın yaygın olarak tercih edildiği performans ölçümlerinde farklı göstergeler kullanmaktadır. Stokastik sınır analizi (SFA) ise, girdi ve çıktı değişkenleri arasındaki işlevsel ilişki varsayımlarından oluşmaktadır. Parametrik olmayan yöntemlerle karşılaştırıldığında da, (SFA), kullanılan tahmin prosedürünü güçlendiren çıktılar üzerindeki rassal faktörlerin etkilerini dikkate almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, üretim fonksiyonundaki verimsizliği azaltan önemli değişkenlerinden birinin, girdi azaltımı ya da ikamesi üzerinden üretim sürecindeki kayıpları geri dönüştürerek ekonomik değer yaratan, geri kazanım olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu nedenle geri kazanım, Cobb-Douglas fonksiyonu doğrudan ek bir girdi olarak eklenmiştir Çalışmada, geri kazanım sürecine odaklanan atık yönetiminin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkilerini analiz etmek için OECD ülkelerinin 2000-2017 dönemi verileri kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak OECD ülkeleri için hesaplanan etkinlik değerinin 0,84 olduğu ve geri kazanım oranı arttıkça üretim sürecindeki verimsizliğin azaldığı görülmüştür. İyileşme sürecinin ekonomik katkısı yerel yönetimlere olumlu katkı sağlamakla birlikte sürecin maliyetleri önemli harcamalar gerektirebilmektedir. Bu nedenle bu harcamaların finansmanı için yerel yinetimlerin kapasiteleri ve ölçekleri dikkate alınarak politikalar geliştirilmelidir.

Kaynakça

  • Agovino M., D. Matricano, A. Garofalo, (2020), Waste management and competitiveness of firms in Europe: A stochastic frontier approach, Waste Management, 102, pp. 528–540.
  • Andersen, M.S., (2007), An Introductory Note on The Environmental Economics of The Circular Economy, Sustain Sci, 2, pp. 133-140
  • Battese, G.E., and Coelli, T.J. (1995), A Model for Technical Inefficiency Effects in a Stochastic Frontier Production Function for Panel Data, Empirical Economics, 20 (2), pp.325-332.
  • Bosch, N., Pedraja, F., Suárez-Pandiello, J., (2000), Measuring the efficiency of Spanish municipal refuse collection services, Local Gov. Stud. 26, pp. 71–90.
  • Coelli, T.J., Rao, D.S.P. and Battese, G.E. (2005). An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis, Kluwer Academic, Boston.
  • EEA, (2011), Earnings, Jobs, and Innovation: The Role of Recycling in a Green Economy, European Environment Agency Report, No: 8, Access Date 05.11.2021. Ellen Macarthur Foundation, (2013), Towards to Circular Economy: An Economic Opportunity Worth Billions Charting The New Territory, Chapter 4, https://ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/, Access Date 28.10.2021.
  • Fan X. B. Yu, Z. Chu, X. Chu, W. Huang ad L Zhang, (2020), A stochastic frontier analysis of the efficiency of municipal solid waste collection services in China, Science of the Total Environment,743, pp. 1-13.
  • Feng, Z., Yan, N.,( 2007), Putting a Circular Economy into Practice in China, Sustain Sci., 2, pp. 95-101.
  • Gertsakis, J. and H. Lewis, (2003), Sustainability and the Waste Management Hierarchy, A Discussion Paper, EcoRecycle Victoria, http://www.helenlewisresearch.com.au/, Access Date 28.10.2021
  • Gharfalkar, M., R. Court, C. Campbell, Z. Ali, and G. Hillier, (2015), Analysis of waste hierarchy in the European waste directive 2008/98/EC, Waste Management, 39, pp. 305-313.
  • Ghissellini, P., C. Cialani and S.Ulgiati, (2016), A review on circular economy: the expected transition to a balanced interplay of environmental and economic systems, Journal of Cleaner Production 114, pp.11-32.
  • Hansen, W., M. Christopher, and M. Verbuecheln, (2002), EU Waste Policy and Challenges for Regional and Local Authorities, Ecologic, Institute for International and European Environmental Policy, https://www.ecologic.eu/, Access Date 28.10.2021.
  • Hu, Li Hu, Lee, Yao-Chun, (2010), Efficient three industrial waste abatement for regions in China, International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, September, pp 132–144.
  • Huang C.J. and J-T Liu (1994), Estimation of a non-neutral stochastic frontier production function, Journal of Productivity Analysis, 5(2), pp.171-180
  • Kalirajan, K. (1981), An econometric analysis of yield variability in paddy production, Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 29(3), pp.283-294
  • Kodde, D. A., and Palm, F. C. (1986), Wald Criteria for Jointly Testing Equality and Inequality Restrictions, Econometrica, 54 (5), pp.1243-1248.
  • Kumbhakar S.C., S. Ghosh and J.T. McGuckin (1991), A generalized production frontier approach for estimating determinants of inefficiency in US dairy farms, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 9(3), pp.279-286
  • Kumbhakar, S.C., Wang, and H-J, Horncastle, A.P., (2015), A Practitioner’s Guide to Stochastic Frontier Analysis Using Stata, Cambridge University Press,
  • Molinos-Senante, M. and A. Maziotis, (2021), The Cost of Reducing Municipal Unsorted Solid Waste: Evidence from Municipalities in Chile, Sustainability, 13, pp. 1-14.
  • Morselotto, P., (2020), Targets for a circular economy, Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Volume 153, pp. 1-12.
  • Mutz, R., Bornmann, L., Daniel, H.D., (2017), Are there any frontiers of research performance? Efficiency measurement of funded research projects with the Bayesian stochastic frontier analysis for count data, J. Inf. 11 (3), pp. 613–628.
  • Pitt M.M., and L-F Lee (1981) The measurement and sources of technical inefficiency in the Indonesian weaving industry, Journal of Development Economics, 9(1), pp.43-64
  • Potting, J., Hekkert, M., Worrell, E. and Hanemaaijer, A., (2017), Circular Economy: Measuring Innovation in the Product Chain, PBL–Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, https://www.pbl.nl/sites/default/files/downloads/pbl-2016-circular-economy measuring-innovation-in-product-chains-2544.pdf , Access Date 28.10.2021.
  • Preston, F., (2012), A Global Redesign? Shaping the Circular Economy, Energy, Environment and Resource Governance, Chatham House Briefing Paper, https://www.chathamhouse.org/ , Access Date 28.10.2021.
  • Reifschneider D. and R. Stevenson (1991), Systematic departures from the frontier: A framework for the analysis of finn inefficiency, International Economic Review, 32(3), pp.715-723
  • Robaina, M., K. Murillo, E. Rocha and J. Villar, (2020), Circular economy in plastic waste - Efficiency analysis of European countries, Science of the Total Environment, 730, pp 1-12.
  • Sakai, S.,H. Yoshida, Y. Hirai, M. Asari, H. Takigami, S.Takahashi, K. Tomoda, M.V. Peeler, J. Wejchert, T. Schmid-Unterseh, A. R. Douvan, R. Hathaway, L.D. Hylander, C. Fischer, G. J. Oh, L. Jinhui, N.K. Chi, (2011), International Comparative Study of 3R and Waste Management Policy Developments, J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag., 13, pp. 86-102.
  • Sarra, A., Mazzocchitti, M., Rapposelli, A., (2017), Evaluating joint environmental and cost performance in municipal waste management systems through data envelopment analysis: scale effects and policy implications, Ecol. Ind. 73, pp.756– 771.
  • Schröder, P., K. Anggraeni, U. Weber, (2018), The Relevance of Circular Economy Practices to The Sustainable Development Goals, Journal of Industrial Ecology, Volume 23, Number 1, pp. 77-95.
  • Simões, P., De Witte, K., Marques, R.C., (2010), Regulatory structures and operational environment in the Portuguese waste sector. Waste Manag, 30, pp.1130–1137.
  • Taşdoğan, C., (2013), An Evaluation of New Incentive Program by Stochastic Frontier Analysis, (in Turkish), Ekonomik Yaklaşım, 24(89), pp.1-23.
  • Walzberg, J., G.Lonca, R. J. Hanes, A. L. Eberle, A. Carpenter and G. A. Heath,(2021), Do We Need a New Sustainability Assessment Method for the Circular Economy? A Critical Literature Review, Frontiers in Sustainability, Vol. 1, January, pp. 1-20.
  • WFD2008, (2008), Waste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC of The European Parliament and of The Council, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008L0098, Access Date 05.11. 2021.
  • Wu, H.-Q., Shi, Y., Xia, Q., Zhu,W.-D., (2014), Effectiveness of the policy of circular economy in China: a DEA-based analysis for the period of 11th five-year-plan, Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 83, pp.163–175.
  • Vishwakarma, A., A. Kulshrestha and A. Kulshreshtha, (2012), Efficiency evaluation of municipal solid waste management utilities in the urban cities of the state of Madhya Pradesh, India, using stochastic frontier analysis, Benchmarking: An International Journal Vol. 19 No. 3, pp. 340-357.
  • Yeh, Tsai-lien, Chen, Tser-yieth, Lai, Pei-ying, (2010), A comparative study of energy utilization efficiency between Taiwan and China. Energy Policy, Greater China Energy: Special Section with regular papers 38 (5), pp.2386–2394.
  • Zhou, Peng, Poh, Kim Leng, Ang, BengWah, (2007), A non-radial DEA approach to measuring environmental performance. European Journal of Operation Research, 178 (1), pp.1–9.

The Circular Economy Approach to Production Inefficiency: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 582 - 597, 27.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.26745/ahbvuibfd.1098446

Öz

The Circular Economy concept, which is based on the 3R principle, has led to the emergence of different ideas on waste management. On the one hand, waste management is expanded with the recommendations of the 5R and 10R hierarchies, on the other hand, it is defined to cover a significant part of the R stages of the recovery process. CE discussions are the efficiency analysis and use different indicators in performance measurements for which DEA is widely preferred. The stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) consists of assumptions about the functional relationship between inputs and outputs variables. Additionally, compared with non-parametric (SFA) considers the effects of random factors on outputs which strengthen the used estimation procedure. In this study, it is thought that one of the important variables of reducing inefficiency in the production function is the recovery in which the recycling of losses in the production process creates an important economic value while reducing the use of inputs or substituting them. Therefore, recovery is directly designed as an additional input using the Cobb-Douglas functional form. In the study, the 2000-2017 period data of OECD countries were used to analyze the effects of waste management, focusing on the recovery process, on economic growth. As a result, it was seen that the efficiency value calculated for OECD countries was 0,84 and the inefficiency in the production process decreased as the recovery rate increased. Even though the economic contribution of the recovery process is accepted by local governments, the initial costs of carrying out this process may require significant expenditures. Therefore, policies should be developed by taking into account the capacities and scales of the municipalities for the financing of these expenditures.

Kaynakça

  • Agovino M., D. Matricano, A. Garofalo, (2020), Waste management and competitiveness of firms in Europe: A stochastic frontier approach, Waste Management, 102, pp. 528–540.
  • Andersen, M.S., (2007), An Introductory Note on The Environmental Economics of The Circular Economy, Sustain Sci, 2, pp. 133-140
  • Battese, G.E., and Coelli, T.J. (1995), A Model for Technical Inefficiency Effects in a Stochastic Frontier Production Function for Panel Data, Empirical Economics, 20 (2), pp.325-332.
  • Bosch, N., Pedraja, F., Suárez-Pandiello, J., (2000), Measuring the efficiency of Spanish municipal refuse collection services, Local Gov. Stud. 26, pp. 71–90.
  • Coelli, T.J., Rao, D.S.P. and Battese, G.E. (2005). An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis, Kluwer Academic, Boston.
  • EEA, (2011), Earnings, Jobs, and Innovation: The Role of Recycling in a Green Economy, European Environment Agency Report, No: 8, Access Date 05.11.2021. Ellen Macarthur Foundation, (2013), Towards to Circular Economy: An Economic Opportunity Worth Billions Charting The New Territory, Chapter 4, https://ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/, Access Date 28.10.2021.
  • Fan X. B. Yu, Z. Chu, X. Chu, W. Huang ad L Zhang, (2020), A stochastic frontier analysis of the efficiency of municipal solid waste collection services in China, Science of the Total Environment,743, pp. 1-13.
  • Feng, Z., Yan, N.,( 2007), Putting a Circular Economy into Practice in China, Sustain Sci., 2, pp. 95-101.
  • Gertsakis, J. and H. Lewis, (2003), Sustainability and the Waste Management Hierarchy, A Discussion Paper, EcoRecycle Victoria, http://www.helenlewisresearch.com.au/, Access Date 28.10.2021
  • Gharfalkar, M., R. Court, C. Campbell, Z. Ali, and G. Hillier, (2015), Analysis of waste hierarchy in the European waste directive 2008/98/EC, Waste Management, 39, pp. 305-313.
  • Ghissellini, P., C. Cialani and S.Ulgiati, (2016), A review on circular economy: the expected transition to a balanced interplay of environmental and economic systems, Journal of Cleaner Production 114, pp.11-32.
  • Hansen, W., M. Christopher, and M. Verbuecheln, (2002), EU Waste Policy and Challenges for Regional and Local Authorities, Ecologic, Institute for International and European Environmental Policy, https://www.ecologic.eu/, Access Date 28.10.2021.
  • Hu, Li Hu, Lee, Yao-Chun, (2010), Efficient three industrial waste abatement for regions in China, International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, September, pp 132–144.
  • Huang C.J. and J-T Liu (1994), Estimation of a non-neutral stochastic frontier production function, Journal of Productivity Analysis, 5(2), pp.171-180
  • Kalirajan, K. (1981), An econometric analysis of yield variability in paddy production, Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 29(3), pp.283-294
  • Kodde, D. A., and Palm, F. C. (1986), Wald Criteria for Jointly Testing Equality and Inequality Restrictions, Econometrica, 54 (5), pp.1243-1248.
  • Kumbhakar S.C., S. Ghosh and J.T. McGuckin (1991), A generalized production frontier approach for estimating determinants of inefficiency in US dairy farms, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 9(3), pp.279-286
  • Kumbhakar, S.C., Wang, and H-J, Horncastle, A.P., (2015), A Practitioner’s Guide to Stochastic Frontier Analysis Using Stata, Cambridge University Press,
  • Molinos-Senante, M. and A. Maziotis, (2021), The Cost of Reducing Municipal Unsorted Solid Waste: Evidence from Municipalities in Chile, Sustainability, 13, pp. 1-14.
  • Morselotto, P., (2020), Targets for a circular economy, Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Volume 153, pp. 1-12.
  • Mutz, R., Bornmann, L., Daniel, H.D., (2017), Are there any frontiers of research performance? Efficiency measurement of funded research projects with the Bayesian stochastic frontier analysis for count data, J. Inf. 11 (3), pp. 613–628.
  • Pitt M.M., and L-F Lee (1981) The measurement and sources of technical inefficiency in the Indonesian weaving industry, Journal of Development Economics, 9(1), pp.43-64
  • Potting, J., Hekkert, M., Worrell, E. and Hanemaaijer, A., (2017), Circular Economy: Measuring Innovation in the Product Chain, PBL–Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, https://www.pbl.nl/sites/default/files/downloads/pbl-2016-circular-economy measuring-innovation-in-product-chains-2544.pdf , Access Date 28.10.2021.
  • Preston, F., (2012), A Global Redesign? Shaping the Circular Economy, Energy, Environment and Resource Governance, Chatham House Briefing Paper, https://www.chathamhouse.org/ , Access Date 28.10.2021.
  • Reifschneider D. and R. Stevenson (1991), Systematic departures from the frontier: A framework for the analysis of finn inefficiency, International Economic Review, 32(3), pp.715-723
  • Robaina, M., K. Murillo, E. Rocha and J. Villar, (2020), Circular economy in plastic waste - Efficiency analysis of European countries, Science of the Total Environment, 730, pp 1-12.
  • Sakai, S.,H. Yoshida, Y. Hirai, M. Asari, H. Takigami, S.Takahashi, K. Tomoda, M.V. Peeler, J. Wejchert, T. Schmid-Unterseh, A. R. Douvan, R. Hathaway, L.D. Hylander, C. Fischer, G. J. Oh, L. Jinhui, N.K. Chi, (2011), International Comparative Study of 3R and Waste Management Policy Developments, J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag., 13, pp. 86-102.
  • Sarra, A., Mazzocchitti, M., Rapposelli, A., (2017), Evaluating joint environmental and cost performance in municipal waste management systems through data envelopment analysis: scale effects and policy implications, Ecol. Ind. 73, pp.756– 771.
  • Schröder, P., K. Anggraeni, U. Weber, (2018), The Relevance of Circular Economy Practices to The Sustainable Development Goals, Journal of Industrial Ecology, Volume 23, Number 1, pp. 77-95.
  • Simões, P., De Witte, K., Marques, R.C., (2010), Regulatory structures and operational environment in the Portuguese waste sector. Waste Manag, 30, pp.1130–1137.
  • Taşdoğan, C., (2013), An Evaluation of New Incentive Program by Stochastic Frontier Analysis, (in Turkish), Ekonomik Yaklaşım, 24(89), pp.1-23.
  • Walzberg, J., G.Lonca, R. J. Hanes, A. L. Eberle, A. Carpenter and G. A. Heath,(2021), Do We Need a New Sustainability Assessment Method for the Circular Economy? A Critical Literature Review, Frontiers in Sustainability, Vol. 1, January, pp. 1-20.
  • WFD2008, (2008), Waste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC of The European Parliament and of The Council, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008L0098, Access Date 05.11. 2021.
  • Wu, H.-Q., Shi, Y., Xia, Q., Zhu,W.-D., (2014), Effectiveness of the policy of circular economy in China: a DEA-based analysis for the period of 11th five-year-plan, Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 83, pp.163–175.
  • Vishwakarma, A., A. Kulshrestha and A. Kulshreshtha, (2012), Efficiency evaluation of municipal solid waste management utilities in the urban cities of the state of Madhya Pradesh, India, using stochastic frontier analysis, Benchmarking: An International Journal Vol. 19 No. 3, pp. 340-357.
  • Yeh, Tsai-lien, Chen, Tser-yieth, Lai, Pei-ying, (2010), A comparative study of energy utilization efficiency between Taiwan and China. Energy Policy, Greater China Energy: Special Section with regular papers 38 (5), pp.2386–2394.
  • Zhou, Peng, Poh, Kim Leng, Ang, BengWah, (2007), A non-radial DEA approach to measuring environmental performance. European Journal of Operation Research, 178 (1), pp.1–9.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Ana Bölüm
Yazarlar

Bilgen Taşdoğan 0000-0001-5169-7862

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Ağustos 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Taşdoğan, B. (2022). The Circular Economy Approach to Production Inefficiency: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(2), 582-597. https://doi.org/10.26745/ahbvuibfd.1098446