Evaluation of the Use of Artificial Intelligence In Public Administrations within the Framework of Country Practices and Basic Public Principles

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 1, 1 - 32, 22.04.2024

Burçin Bozdoğanoğlu İraz Haspolat Ayşegül Yücel

https://doi.org/10.26745/ahbvuibfd.1424290

Öz

The benefits and challenges of artificial intelligence, one of the powerful technologies emerging with the digital transformation process, have initiated an intense debate. Artificial intelligence is basically defined as intelligent systems capable of thinking and learning. Artificial intelligence technology, which can actively contribute to economic growth and national development of each country, is nowadays examined as an umbrella concept covering various techniques such as deep learning, machine learning, natural language processing, speech recognition, computer vision, neural network modeling. The use of artificial intelligence in the public sector can occur in different areas such as health, transportation, security, decision support systems. The use of artificial intelligence in the public sector brings many benefits such as reducing the number of manpower-based tasks, analysing the collected data, cost savings, efficiency and reducing corruption. However, ensuring the security of the data collected by artificial intelligence, legal protection and the use of this technology in administrative decision-making processes are open to discussion in terms of the adequacy of the existing legal regulations in terms of overlapping with the basic principles of public governance. In this study, the use of artificial intelligence in different fields in the public sector will be analysed within the framework of some country examples and the compatibility of these usage processes with basic public values such as efficiency, accountability, transparency and equality will be evaluated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Artificial intelligence, public administrations, transparency, accountability, digitalisation

Kamu İdarelerinde Yapay Zekâ Kullanımının Ülke Uygulamaları ve Temel Kamusal İlkeler Çerçevesinde Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Dijital dönüşüm süreciyle birlikte ortaya çıkan güçlü teknolojilerden birisi olan yapay zekaya ilişkin faydalar ve güçlükler beraberinde yoğun bir tartışma başlatmıştır. Yapay zekâ, temel olarak düşünme ve öğrenme yeteneğine sahip akıllı sistemler olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Ekonomik büyümeye ve her ülkenin ulusal gelişimine aktif katkı sağlayabilecek olan yapay zekâ teknolojisi, günümüzde derin öğrenme, makine öğrenimi, doğal dil işleme, konuşma tanıma, bilgisayar görüşü, nöral ağ modeli gibi çeşitli teknikleri kapsayan bir şemsiye kavram olarak incelenmektedir. Yapay zekanın kamu sektöründe kullanımı ise sağlık, ulaşım, güvenlik, karar destek sistemleri gibi farklı alanlarda ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Yapay zekanın kamu sektöründe kullanımı, insan gücüne dayalı olarak yapılan işlerin sayısını azaltarak bunları toplanan verilerin analizi üzerinden gerçekleştirmekte, maliyet tasarrufu sağlayarak verimlilik ve yolsuzluğun azaltılması gibi birçok faydayı beraberinde getirmektedir. Ancak yapay zekâ tarafından toplanan verilerin güvenliğinin sağlanması, hukuki açıdan korunması ve idari karar verme süreçlerinde bu teknolojinin kullanımı kamusal yönetişimin temel ilkeleriyle örtüşmesi noktasında mevcut yasal düzenlemelerin yeterliliği açısından tartışmaya açıktır. Çalışmada yapay zekanın kamu sektöründe farklı alanlarda kullanımı bazı ülke örnekleri çerçevesinde incelenerek, bu kullanım süreçlerinin etkinlik, hesap verebilirlik, şeffaflık, eşitlik gibi temel kamusal değerlerle uyumu değerlendirilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yapay zekâ, kamu idareleri, şeffaflık, hesapverebilirlik, dijitalleşme

Kaynakça

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