Yapay Zeka Sohbet Robotları ve ChatGPT’nin Hemşirelik Eğitiminde Kullanılması

Öz

Bu derleme, Yapay Zeka (YZ) sohbet robotlarının gelişimsel sürecini, ChatGPT'nin hemşirelik eğitimindeki potansiyel rolünü ve risklerini araştırmakta ve ChatGPT'nin hemşirelik eğitiminde etkin kullanımına yönelik stratejiler ve tavsiyeler önermektedir. Hemşirelik eğitiminde ChatGPT, öğrenci katılımını ve bilgi edinimini artırabilecek kişiselleştirilmiş öğrenme, anında geri bildirim ve simülasyon senaryoları gibi birçok avantaj sunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, doğruluk, insan etkileşimi eksikliği, mahremiyet ve güvenlik sorunları, tutarsızlıklar, aşırı güven ve kopya çekme gibi zorlukların ele alınması gerekmektedir. ChatGPT, hemşirelik eğitiminde devrim yaratma potansiyeline sahip olsa da, hemşirelik eğitimcileri ChatGPT'nin etik ve pedagojik kullanımına rehberlik etmede hayati bir rol oynamaktadır. Ancak bu teknolojilerin etkin bir şekilde kullanılabilmesi için, hemşirelik öğretim elemanlarının da bu teknolojileri anlaması ve nasıl etkin bir şekilde kullanılacaklarını öğrenmeleri gerekmektedir. Bu durum, ChatGPT'nin hemşirelik öğrencilerinin öğrenimine ve gelişimine mümkün olan en iyi katkıyı yapmasını sağlamaya yardımcı olacaktır. Gelecekteki araştırmalar, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin ve eğitimcilerin gelişen ihtiyaçlarını ele alırken ChatGPT'yi hemşirelik eğitimine dahil etmenin yenilikçi yollarını keşfetmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ChatGBT
• Hemşirelik Eğitimi
• Yapay Zeka

Artificial Intelligence Chatbots and Using Chatgbt in Nursing Education

Öz

This review investigates the developmental process of Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbots, the potential role and risks of ChatGPT in nursing education, and proposes strategies and recommendations for effective utilization of ChatGPT in nursing education. ChatGPT offers many advantages in nursing education such as personalized learning, instant feedback, and simulation scenarios that can enhance student participation and knowledge acquisition. However, challenges including accuracy, lack of human interaction, privacy and security concerns, inconsistencies, over-reliance, and cheating must be addressed. Even though ChatGPT has the potential to revolutionize nursing education, nursing educators play a vital role in guiding the ethical and pedagogical use of ChatGPT. For these technologies to be effectively used, nursing educators also need to understand these technologies and learn how to use them effectively. This will help ensure that ChatGPT contributes to the learning and development of nursing students in the best possible way. Future research should explore innovative ways to incorporate ChatGPT into nursing education while addressing the evolving needs of nursing students and educators.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Artificial Intelligence
• ChatGBT
• Nursing Education

Kaynakça

1. Ali S, Abuhmed T, El-Sappagh S, Muhammad K, Alonso-Moral JM, Confalonieri R, et al. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): What we know and what is left to attain Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence. Information Fusion. 2023;99:101805.
2. Sarker IH. Machine Learning: Algorithms, Real-World Applications and Research Directions. SN Comput Sci. 2021;2(3):160.
3. Chong E, Han C, Park FC. Deep learning networks for stock market analysis and prediction: Methodology, data representations, and case studies. Expert Systems with Applications. 2017;83:187-205.
4. Gleason N. ChatGPT and the rise of AI writers: How should higher education respond. Times Higher Education https://wwwtimeshighereducationcom/campus/chatgpt-and-rise-ai-writers-how-should-higher-education-respond. 2022.
5. Huang C, Cai H, Xu L, Xu B, Gu Y, Jiang L. Data-driven ontology generation and evolution towards intelligent service in manufacturing systems. Future Generation Computer Systems. 2019;101:197-207.
6. Georgiev P, Bhattacharya S, Lane ND, Mascolo C. Low-resource multi-task audio sensing for mobile and embedded devices via shared deep neural network representations. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies. 2017;1(3):1-19.
7. Jain A, Koppula HS, Raghavan B, Soh S, Saxena A, editors. Car that knows before you do: Anticipating maneuvers via learning temporal driving models. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision; 2015.
8. Nie L, Wang M, Zhang L, Yan S, Zhang B, Chua T-S. Disease inference from health-related questions via sparse deep learning. IEEE Transactions on knowledge and Data Engineering. 2015;27(8):2107-19.

9. Zhang C, Lu Y. Study on artificial intelligence: The state of the art and future prospects. Journal of Industrial Information Integration. 2021;23:100224.
10. Dick S. Artificial intelligence. Harvard Data Science Review. 2019;1(1):1-9.
11. Weizenbaum J. ELIZA—a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine. Communications of the ACM. 1966;9(1):36-45.
12. Arslan K. Eğitimde yapay zekâ ve uygulamaları. Batı Anadolu Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020;11(1):71-88.
13. Hastie T, Tibshirani R, Friedman JH, Friedman JH. The elements of statistical learning: data mining, inference, and prediction: Springer; 2009.
14. Campbell M, Hoane AJ, Hsu FH. Deep Blue. Artificial Intelligenc. 2002;134(1):57-83.
15. Deng L, Yu D. Deep learning: methods and applications. Foundations and trends® in signal processing. 2014;7(3–4):197-387.
16. LeCun Y, Bengio Y, Hinton G. Deep learning. nature. 2015;521(7553):436-44.
17. Gültekin A. Yapay Zekânın Luditleri Kimler Olacak? OPUS International Journal of Society Researches. 2021;18(44):8432-54.
18. Ray PP. ChatGPT: A comprehensive review on background, applications, key challenges, bias, ethics, limitations and future scope. Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems. 2023.
19. O'Connor S. Open artificial intelligence platforms in nursing education: Tools for academic progress or abuse? Nurse Educ Pract. 2023;66:103537.
20. Luo B, Lau RY, Li C, Si YW. A critical review of state‐of‐the‐art chatbot designs and applications. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery. 2022;12(1):e1434.
21. Deryugina O. Chatterbots. Scientific and Technical Information Processing. 2010;37:143-7.
22. Adamopoulou E, Moussiades L. An overview of chatbot technology. In: Maglogiannis I, Iliadis L, Pimenidis E, editors. IFIP international conference on artificial intelligence applications and innovations. 584: Springer, Cham; 2020. p. 373-83.
23. Albayrak N, Özdemir A, Zeydan E, editors. An overview of artificial intelligence based chatbots and an example chatbot application. 2018 26th signal processing and communications applications conference (SIU); 2018: IEEE.
24. Gunawan J. Exploring the future of nursing: Insights from the ChatGPT model. Belitung Nursing Journal. 2023;9(1):1-5.
25. Wallace R. The Anatomy of ALICE. AI Magazine. 1997;18(3):19-20.
26. Ferrucci D, Brown E, Chu-Carroll J, Fan J, Gondek D, Kalyanpur AA, et al. Building Watson: An overview of the DeepQA project. AI magazine. 2010;31(3):59-79.
27. Sharma L, Garg PK. Artificial intelligence: technologies, applications, and challenges. 2021.
28. Lim WM, Kumar S, Verma S, Chaturvedi R. Alexa, what do we know about conversational commerce? Insights from a systematic literature review. Psychology & Marketing. 2022;39(6):1129-55.
29. Levy S. How Google is Remaking Itself as a Machine Learning First Company. Backchannel, June. 2016;22.
30. Krishnan N, Bhatia V. Scope of Law in An Ai-Driven World Brief on ChatGPT and its Legal Implications. National Journal of Cyber Security Law. 2023;6(2):1-16.
31. Gill SS, Kaur R. ChatGPT: Vision and challenges. Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems. 2023;3:262-71.
32. Graham F. Daily briefing: Will ChatGPT kill the essay assignment? Nature. 2022.
33. Biswas SS. Role of chat gpt in public health. Annals of biomedical engineering. 2023;51(5):868-9.
34. Lo CK. What is the impact of ChatGPT on education? A rapid review of the literature. Education Sciences. 2023;13(4):410.
35. Zhu J-J, Jiang J, Yang M, Ren ZJ. ChatGPT and environmental research. Environmental Science & Technology. 2023;xx(xx):1-4.
36. George AS, George AH. A review of ChatGPT AI's impact on several business sectors. Partners Universal International Innovation Journal. 2023;1(1):9-23.
37. Mijwil M, Aljanabi M, Ali AH. Chatgpt: Exploring the role of cybersecurity in the protection of medical information. Mesopotamian journal of cybersecurity. 2023;2023:18-21.
38. Aktay S, Seçkin G, Uzunoğlu D. ChatGPT in Education. Türk Akademik Yayınlar Dergisi (TAY Journal). 2023;7(2):378-406.
39. Rahman MM, Watanobe Y. ChatGPT for education and research: Opportunities, threats, and strategies. Applied Sciences. 2023;13(9):5783.
40. Kasneci E, Seßler K, Küchemann S, Bannert M, Dementieva D, Fischer F, et al. ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education. Learning and Individual Differences. 2023;103:102274.
41. Kung TH, Cheatham M, Medenilla A, Sillos C, De Leon L, Elepaño C, et al. Performance of ChatGPT on USMLE: Potential for AI-assisted medical education using large language models. PLoS digital health. 2023;2(2):e0000198.
42. Gilson A, Safranek CW, Huang T, Socrates V, Chi L, Taylor RA, et al. How does ChatGPT perform on the United States medical licensing examination? The implications of large language models for medical education and knowledge assessment. JMIR Medical Education. 2023;9(1):e45312.
43. OpenAI. ChatGPT: optimizing language models for dialogue. 2022 [Available from: https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt/.
44. Lund BD, Wang T. Chatting about ChatGPT: how may AI and GPT impact academia and libraries? Library Hi Tech News. 2023;40(3):26-9.
45. Alkhaqani AL. Potential Beneits and Challenges of ChatGPT in Future Nursing Education. Maaen Journal for Medical Sciences. 2023;2(2):2.
46. Sun GH, Hoelscher SH. The ChatGPT storm and what faculty can do. Nurse Educator. 2023;48(3):119-24.
47. Sok S, Heng K. ChatGPT for education and research: A review of benefits and risks. SSRN. 2023. p. 1-12.
48. Almazyad M, Aljofan F, Abouammoh NA, Muaygil R, Malki KH, Aljamaan F, et al. Enhancing expert panel discussions in pediatric palliative care: innovative scenario development and summarization with ChatGPT-4. Cureus. 2023;15(4).
49. Archibald MM, Clark AM. ChatGTP: What is it and how can nursing and health science education use it? J Adv Nurs. 2023;00:1-4.
50. The Guardian. Science journals ban listing of ChatGPT as co-author on papers 2023 [Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/jan/26/science-journals-ban-listing-of-chatgpt-as-co-author-on-papers.
51. Dave T, Athaluri SA, Singh S. ChatGPT in medicine: an overview of its applications, advantages, limitations, future prospects, and ethical considerations. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence. 2023;6:1169595.