SOCIAL EXCLUSION AND ITS EFFECTS: A REVIEW STUDY

Öz

Human, by their nature, have a fundamental need to form relationships in order to survive, maintain psychological and physiological well-being. When this need is neglected, they experience threats in four fundamental areas: belonging, self-esteem, control, and meaningful existence. The need to establish meaningful relationships with others and to belong, which plays a crucial role in human development, is significantly threatened in situations of social exclusion, rejection, or obstruction. The experience of exclusion, which threatens to an individual's life, existence, fundamental needs, and relationships, is an experience that can lead to a wide range of psychological and physiological consequences. The aim of this review is to examine existing research to understand the physiological, cognitive and behavioral effects of social exclusion. For this purpose, the definition and importance of social exclusion, its neurophysiological, executive function, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral effects, results and discussion sections are given respectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• social exclusion
• physiological effects
• cognitive effects
• behavioral effects

SOSYAL DIŞLANMA VE ETKİLERİ: BİR DERLEME ÇALIŞMASI

Öz

Hayatta kalabilmek, psikolojik ve fizyolojik iyi oluş halini sağlayabilmek adına doğası gereği ilişki kurma gereksinimi ile var olan insan, bu gereksinimi karşılayamadığında ait olma, özsaygı, kontrol ve anlamlı var oluş ihtiyaçlarını kapsayan dört temel ihtiyaç alanında tehdit yaşamaktadır. İnsanın gelişiminde önemli bir rol oynayan ötekilerle anlamlı ilişkiler kurma ve ait olma gereksinimleri, sosyal dışlanma, reddedilme ya da engellenme durumlarında büyük bir tehdit ile karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Bireyin yaşamına, varlığına, temel gereksinimlerine, ilişkilerine yönelik çok yönlü bir tehdidi kapsayan dışlanma, psikolojik ve fizyolojik olarak geniş bir yelpazede farklı sonuçlarla ilişkili bir deneyimdir. Bu derlemenin amacı, sosyal dışlanmanın fizyolojik, bilişsel ve davranışsal etkilerini anlamak için mevcut araştırmaları incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda sırasıyla sosyal dışlanmanın tanımı ve önemi, sosyal dışlanmanın nörofizyolojik, yürütücü işleve, bilişsel süreçlere, duygulanımsal ve davranışsal etkileri, sonuç ve tartışma başlıklarına yer verilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• sosyal dışlanma
• fizyolojik etkiler
• bilişsel etkiler
• davranışsal etkiler

Kaynakça

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