Wild mushrooms from East Black Sea Region (Turkiye): Element concentrations and their health risk assessment

Öz

The aim of this study is to determine the mineral contents of wild edible mushrooms. The potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) contents of twenty four edible mushrooms, collected from East Black Sea Region, Türkiye, were analyzed. The studied mushrooms varied widely in their content of both essential and toxic deleterious elements. The minimum and maximum mineral contents of mushrooms were determined as mg/kg dw for K (4573-15645), Mg (173-1421), Ca (24-711), Mn (5.34-90.64), Fe (44.78-236.95), Zn (24.81-119.03), Cu (11.02-174.01), Ni (0.95-2.86), Cd (0.05-22.57) and Pb (0.01-2.07). The potassium content was found to be higher than those of the other minerals in all the mushrooms. In addition to the metal contents, the daily intakes of metal (DIM) and Health Risk Index (HRI) values of edible mushrooms were also calculated. Lead and cadmium were present but at concentrations that are not hazardous to human health except for Russula vinosa. The K, Mg, Zn, and Ni concentrations were determined to be high in Russula integra. Mushrooms have become increasingly attractive as functional foods for their potential beneficial effects on human health. Due to the toxic minerals they carry, mushrooms should be taken into consideration during their consumption as human food. The differences and similarities between mineral contents were established by Principal Component Analysis. Also, mushrooms are important in the ecosystem because they are able to biodegrade the substrate and to collect heavy metal.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• edible mushrooms
• minerals
• toxic element

Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi (Türkiye)’den yabani mantarlar: Element konsantrasyonları ve sağlık risk değerlendirmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, yenilebilir yabani mantarların mineral içeriklerini belirlemektir. Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi'nden toplanan yirmi dört yenilebilir mantarın mineral içerikleri Potasyum (K), magnezyum (Mg), kalsiyum (Ca), mangan (Mn), demir (Fe), çinko (Zn), bakır (Cu), nikel (Ni), kadmiyum (Cd) ve kurşun (Pb) analiz edilmiştir. İncelenen mantarlar, hem temel hem de toksik elementleri büyük farklılıklar göstererek içermektedirler. Mantarların minimum ve maksimum mineral içerikleri K (4573-15645), Mg (173-1421), Ca (24-711), Mn (5.34-90.64), Fe (44.78-236.95), Zn (24.81-119.03), Cu (11.02-174.01), Ni (0.95-2.86), Cd (0.05-22.57) ve Pb (0.01-2.07) için mg/kg km olarak belirlenmiştir. Tüm mantarlarda potasyum içeriği diğer minerallerden daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Metal içeriklerinin yanı sıra yenilebilir mantarların Günlük Metal Alımları ve Sağlık Risk İndeksi değerleri de hesaplanmıştır. Kurşun ve kadmiyum Russula vinosa dışında insan sağlığına zararlı olmayan konsantrasyonlarda belirlenmiştir. Russula integra da K, Mg, Zn ve Ni konsantrasyonlarının yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Mantarlar, insan sağlığı üzerindeki potansiyel yararlı etkileri nedeniyle fonksiyonel gıdalar olarak giderek daha çekici hale gelmiştir. Mantarlar, taşıdıkları toksik mineraller nedeniyle insan gıdası olarak tüketilmeleri sırasında dikkate alınmalıdır. Mineral içerikleri arasındaki farklılıklar ve benzerlikler Temel Bileşen Analizi ile de belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca mantarlar, ağır metal toplamak için substratı biyolojik olarak parçalayabildikleri için ekosistemde önemlidirler.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yenen mantarlar
• mineraller
• zehirli element

Kaynakça

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