Patriotism Typologies of Main Characters in Historical Films about the Republican Period: Öğretmen Kemal Movie Example

Öz

Patriotism is a complex, multifaceted concept that encompasses beliefs, feelings and behaviors that reflect an individual's loyalty and commitment to his/her country. Patriotism is one of the 10 core values included in history curricula as of the 2006-2007 academic year and has an active place especially in the field of history education. Films facilitate the construction of knowledge by visualizing many abstract concepts and topics of history lessons. Especially historical period films, when they are designed in accordance with the objectives of the course, are very useful in terms of presenting the conditions of the time they describe in a realistic way. One of the most important advantages of using films to depict a period of history is their ability to bring the past to life, a point that written historical narratives or textbooks often struggle to achieve. This study aims to determine the patriotism typologies of the main characters in historical films about the Republican period. For this purpose, the movie “Öğretmen Kemal (1981)” starring Cüneyt Arkın was analyzed. Document analysis method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. Criterion sampling, one of the purposeful sampling techniques, was preferred as a sampling method. Film observation forms were used as data collection techniques and descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data obtained in accordance with the nature of the study. Based on the main findings of the study, constructive patriotism findings were found intensively in the movie “Öğretmen Kemal”, which is about the Republican period. However, behavior patterns showing blind patriotism were detected in only one scene. As a result, investigating the typologies of patriotism through film in educational settings is seen as an important step. By leveraging the powerful storytelling capabilities of cinema, educators can inform students about the various behavioral patterns of patriotism and their underlying drivers. This approach can contribute to the development of a more informed and critical-thinking citizenry equipped to understand the complexity of patriotism and its role in shaping the social, political and cultural fabric of society. Thus, it is believed that various abstract and complex information can be more easily conveyed to students through period films in history lessons.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Period Films
• History Lesson
• Values
• Patriotic Typologies

Cumhuriyet Dönemini Konu Alan Tarihi Filmlerde Ana Karakterlerin Yurtseverlik Tipolojileri: Öğretmen Kemal Film Örneği

Öz

Yurtseverlik karmaşık, çok yönlü bir kavramdır ve bireyin ülkesine olan sadakatini ve bağlılığını yansıtan inançlarını, duygularını ve davranışlarını kapsar. Yurtseverlik, 2006-2007 eğitim öğretim yılı itibariyle tarih eğitim programlarında yer alan 10 kök değerden biridir ve özellikle tarih eğitimi alanında etkin bir yeri vardır. Filmler tarih dersinin soyut olan çoğu kavram ve konularını görselleştirerek bilgi yapılandırmayı kolaylaştırıcı etki yaratmaktadır. Özellikle tarihsel dönem filmleri, dersin amaçlarına uygun olarak kurgulandığında, anlattıkları zamanın koşullarını gerçeğe yakın bir şekilde sunabilmesi açısından oldukça faydalıdır. Tarihin bir dönemini tasvir etmek için film kullanmanın en önemli avantajlarından biri, yazılı tarihsel anlatıların veya ders kitaplarının genellikle başarmakta zorlandığı nokta olan geçmişi hayata geçirme yetenekleridir. Bu çalışmada Cumhuriyet dönemini konu alan tarihi filmlerdeki ana karakterlerin yurtseverlik tipolojilerin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç çerçevesinde Cüneyt Arkın’ın başrolde olduğu “Öğretmen Kemal (1981)” filmi analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman inceleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Örnekleme yöntemi olarak amaçlı örnekleme tekniklerinden ölçüt örnekleme tercih edilmiştir. Veri toplama tekniği olarak ise film gözlem formları; elde edilen verilerin analizinde ise çalışmanın doğasına uygun olarak betimsel analiz kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın temel bulgularından hareketle, Cumhuriyet dönemini konu alan “Öğretmen Kemal” filminde yoğun olarak yapıcı yurtseverlik bulgularına rastlanmıştır. Bununla birlikte sadece bir sahnede kör yurtseverliği gösteren davranış örüntüleri tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, yurtseverlik tipolojilerinin eğitim ortamlarında film aracılığıyla araştırılması önemli bir adım olarak görülmektedir. Eğitimciler, sinemanın güçlü hikâye anlatma yeteneklerinden yararlanarak, öğrencileri yurtseverliğin çeşitli davranış örüntüleri, bunların altında yatan itici güçler hakkında bilgilendirebilir. Bu yaklaşım, yurtseverliğin karmaşıklığı ve toplumun sosyal, siyasi ve kültürel dokusunu şekillendirmedeki rolü konusunda donanımlı, daha bilgili ve eleştirel düşünen bir vatandaşlığın gelişimine katkıda bulunabilir. Buradan hareketle tarih derslerinde dönem filmleri aracılığıyla çeşitli soyut ve karmaşık bilgiler öğrencilere daha kolay bir şekilde verilebiliceği düşünülmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dönem Filmleri
• Tarih Dersi
• Değerler
• Yurtseverlik Tipolojileri

Kaynakça

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