10. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Örnek Ayrıntılama Becerisinin Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi

Öz

Örnekler; öğrenme, öğretim ve düşünme süreçlerinde öğrencilerin soyut düşünceleri somutlaştırabilmesini ve anlamlandırabilmesini sağlayan temel bir içerik ögesidir. Kavramların öğretiminde sıklıkla öğrencilerin anlam oluşturmasını desteklemek için örnekler kullanılmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, 10. sınıf öğrencilerinin eşeyli ve eşeysiz üreme kavramları ile ilgili örnek ayrıntılama becerilerini çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelemektir. Bu çalışma betimsel tarama modeli kullanılarak tasarlanmıştır. Katılımcı öğrencilerin türdeş kavramlara örnek vermelerini ve verdikleri örnekler ile ilgili açıklamalarını incelemek amacıyla büyük bir gruptan bilgi elde etmek için tarama modeli tercih edilmiştir. Çalışmanın örneklemi, basit seçkisiz küme örnekleme ile belirlenmiştir. Örneklemi, 2019-2020 eğitim öğretim yılı Adana ili merkez ilçelerinde bulunan devlete bağlı 5 Anadolu Lisesinde 10. sınıfa devam eden 362 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Veriler, Örnek Ayrıntılama Testi (ÖAT) ve Üst Bilişsel Farkındalık Ölçeği B formu (ÜBFÖ-B) kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz, Kruskal Wallis H testi ve Mann Whitney U testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada ÖAT’den elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda katılımcı öğrencilerin çoğunun örnek verme ve örnek-terim ilişkisi kurmada ortalamanın üstünde puan aldığı buna karşılık örnek-özellik ilişkisini açıklamada ortalamanın altında puan aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Buna göre, öğrencilerin çoğunluğunun türdeş kavramlara verdikleri örneklerin gerekçelerini açıklamakta zorlandıkları belirtilebilir. Dersi çok sevdiğini ve derste zorlanmadığını belirten öğrencilerin ÖAT puanlarının diğer öğrencilere göre daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Okul dışında özel bir kurum ya da öğretmenden destek eğitim almanın ise öğrencilerin ÖAT puan ortalamalarında anlamlı bir fark oluşturmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Üst bilişsel farkındalığı yüksek ve düşük olarak belirlenen öğrencilerin ÖAT puan oratlamaları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamamıştır. Kavram öğretiminde öğrencilerden örnek vermesini isterken örnek-özellik ilişkisini kurmayı sağlayan ayrıntılayıcı sorulara ve açıklamalara yer verilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• kavram öğretimi
• kavram öğrenme
• türdeş kavramlar
• örnek ayrıntılama
• üst bilişsel farkındalık

Investigation of 10th Grade Students' Example Elaboration Skill in terms of Various Variables

Öz

Examples are a basic content component that enables students to concretize and make sense of abstract ideas in the learning, teaching and thinking processes. In teaching concepts, examples are frequently used to support students in constructing meaning. The purpose of this research is to examine the ability of 10th grade students to elaborate examples on sexual and asexual reproduction in terms of various variables. This study was designed using the descriptive survey model. Survey model was preferred to obtain information from a large group in order to examine the 10th grade students' giving examples of homogeneous concepts and their explanations about their examples. The sample of the study was determined by simple random cluster sampling. The sample consisted of 362 students attending the 10th grade in 5 state-affiliated Anatolian High Schools in the central districts of Adana province in the 2019-2020 academic year. Data were collected using the Example Elaboration Test (EET) and the Metacognitive Awareness Scale B form (MAS-B). The obtained data were analyzed with descriptive analysis, Kruskal Wallis H test, and Mann Whitney U test. In this study, according to the findings obtained from ÖAT, it was determined that most of the participants scored above the average in giving examples and establishing an example-term relationship, whereas they scored below the average in explaining the example-term relationship. Accordingly, it can be stated that the majority of students had difficulty in explaining the reasons for the examples they gave for homogeneous concepts. It was determined that the students who stated that they enjoyed the course very much and did not have difficulty in the course had higher EET scores than other students. It was determined that the EET scores of the students who stated that they liked the course very much and did not have difficulty in the course were higher than the other students. It was determined that receiving support education from a private institution or teacher outside the school did not create a significant difference in the EET scores of the students. No significant difference was found between the EET scores of the students whose metacognitive awareness was determined to be high and low. While asking the students to give examples in concept teaching, detailed questions and explanations that ensure the establishment of the example-attribute relationship can also be included.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• concept teaching
• concept learning
• example elaboration
• metacognitive awareness

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