Examining the Studies in Which Independent Living Skills were Taught to Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Öz

In this study, analyzing the research studies in which independent living skills were taught to individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) descriptively and evaluating these studies regarding the “single-subject research qualitative criteria” were aimed. Moving with this purpose, 32 research studies were determined regarding the including criteria and the demographic characteristics (participants, setting, teaching conditions, etc.) and methodologic characteristics (dependent end independent variables, research design, effectiveness, generalization, maintenance, social validity, etc.) were analyzed on the tables and graphs, and the results were interpreted. The included research studies were also evaluated regarding the qualitative criteria. The results of the studies revealed that independent living skills were mostly taught to individuals with ASD during their transition to adolescence and adulthood years, technology based implementations were used to teach these skills in most of the studies in the recent years, studies were mostly conducted in one-to-one settings and the types of independent living skills did not change significantly in the studies. The results regarding the qualitative criteria showed that 25% of the studies met the “acceptance” criteria. Regarding this result, it can be said that the quality of the studies in which independent living skills were taught showed an increase in the recent years.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Independent living skills,autism spectrum disorders,and qualitative criteria in the single-subject research,descriptive analyses,evidence based practices

Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Bireylere Bağımsız Yaşam Becerilerinin Öğretildiği Araştırmaların İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) olan bireylere bağımsız yaşam becerilerinin öğretildiği araştırmaları betimsel olarak analiz etmek ve “tek-denekli araştırmalar niteliksel ölçütleri” açısından değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla belirlenen dâhil etme ölçütlerine göre ulaşılan 32 araştırma demografik (katılımcı, ortam, öğretim düzenlemesi vb.) ve metodolojik (bağımlı ve bağımsız değişken, araştırma modeli, etkililik, genelleme, izleme, sosyal geçerlik vb.) özelliklerine ilişkin olarak tablo ve grafikler üzerinde analiz edilmiş ve elde edilen sonuçlar yorumlanmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca elde edilen araştırmalar niteliksel ölçütler açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları bağımsız yaşam becerilerinin OSB olan bireylere daha çok ergenlik ve yetişkinliğe geçiş döneminde öğretildiğini, son yıllarda çalışmaların büyük çoğunluğunda bu becerileri öğretmek üzere teknoloji temelli uygulamalarının kullanıldığını, çalışmaların çoğunlukla bire-bir öğretim düzenlemesiyle gerçekleştirildiğini ve öğretilen bağımsız yaşam becerilerinin türleri arasında belirgin bir fark olmadığını göstermiştir. Niteliksel ölçütlere ilişkin sonuçlar ise ulaşılan çalışmaların %25’inin kabul edilebilirlik ölçütünü karşıladığını göstermiştir. Buna göre OSB olan bireylere bağımsız yaşam becerilerinin öğretildiği araştırmaların kalitelerinin son yıllarda arttığını söylemek mümkündür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bağımsız yaşam becerileri,otizm spektrum bozukluğu,tek-denekli araştırmalarda niteliksel ölçütler,betimsel analiz,bilimsel dayanaklı uygulamalar

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