Undergraduate Architecture Students’ Perceptions of the Reasons for Their Choice(s) of Profession

Yıl 2021, , 752 - 770, 01.07.2021

Derya Yorgancıoğlu , Sevinc Tunali , Meltem Çetinel

https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.881471

Öz

This study aims to analyze the factors, driven by intrinsic and/or extrinsic motivations, that affect the students’ choice(s) of profession before entering the school of architecture and to reveal how the participants’ perceptions of their “self-efficacy” about becoming an architect altered in parallel to the skills they acquire during their professional education. The research, based on the qualitative research methodology, is undertaken in a Bachelor of Architecture degree program in a private university in Istanbul and the data was collected through the participation of 40 undergraduate architecture students from different class levels. The data collection procedures covered four recorded focus group interviews with students at different class levels and the interview transcriptions were analyzed through qualitative content analysis. The results regarding the reasons for studying architecture has revealed that the participants are influenced by (1) their self-perceptions, which overlap with the profession-related qualities and (2) the influence of their social environment and families. It is shown that the professional education that the participants have received has improved their design skills and supported their self-efficacy beliefs in this regard, but made them feel insufficient about technical-practical skills. The research findings have implications for the students who think to study architecture, the secondary education teachers, and the administrators and instructors of schools of architecture for various reasons: by uncovering the interrelated dynamics and requirements of the architectural profession and education, these findings may guide the attempts to choose a profession compatible with individuals’ capabilities and orientations and to structure a balanced architectural curriculum.

Anahtar Kelimeler

architectural education, architectural profession, design skill, profession choice, self-efficacy perception

Destekleyen Kurum

Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK), 3501-Kariyer Geliştirme Programı

Proje Numarası

215K234

Teşekkür

Special thanks to the faculty and students in the Department of Architecture at Istanbul Kemerburgaz University (Altınbaş University), for their participation in the research.

Mimarlık Lisans Öğrencilerinin Meslek Seçimlerinin Nedenlerine İlişkin Algıları

Öz

Bu çalışma, öğrencilerin yükseköğretim düzeyinde mimarlık eğitimi almaya başlamadan önce meslek seçimlerine ilişkin kararlarını etkileyen içsel ve/veya dışsal motivasyonların yönlendirdiği faktörleri analiz etmeyi ve katılımcıların mimar olma konusundaki “öz-yeterlik” algılarının aldıkları mimarlık eğitimine ve edindikleri mesleki becerilere göre nasıl değiştiğini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Nitel araştırma yöntemine dayanan araştırma, İstanbul’da bulunan bir vakıf üniversitesi bünyesindeki Mimarlık Lisans programında 40 lisans öğrencisinin katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Farklı sınıf düzeylerindeki öğrenci gruplarıyla ayrı ayrı gerçekleştirilen dört adet odak grup toplantısının ses kaydı alınarak görüşmeler metinleştirilmiş ve bu metinlerin nitel içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada katılımcıların mimarlık eğitimi almayı tercih etmelerine ilişkin sonuçlar, katılımcıların (1) mesleğin nitelikleriyle örtüşen öz-algılarının ve (2) sosyal çevrelerinin ve ailelerinin yönlendirmelerinin etkili olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Katılımcıların aldıkları mimarlık eğitiminin tasarım becerilerini geliştirdiği ve bu konuda öz-yeterlik inançlarını desteklediği, ancak teknik-pratik beceriler konusunda kendilerini yeterince yetkin hissetmedikleri gösterilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularının çeşitli nedenlerle mimarlık eğitimi almayı düşünen öğrenciler, orta öğretim öğretmenleri ve mimarlık okullarının yöneticileri ve eğitmenleri için çıkarımları bulunmaktadır: Bulgular mimarlık mesleği ve eğitiminin birbiriyle ilişkili dinamiklerini ve gereksinimlerini ortaya çıkararak bireylerin yeteneklerine ve yönelimlerine uygun meslek seçmeye ve dengeli bir mimarlık müfredatı oluşturmaya katkı sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

mimarlık eğitimi, mimarlık mesleği, tasarım becerisi, meslek tercihi, öz-yeterlilik algısı

Proje Numarası

215K234

Kaynakça

• Albion, M. J. (2000). Career decision making difficulties of adolescent boys and girls. Australian Journal of Career Development, 9(2), 14-19.
• Betz, N. E., & Borgen, F. H. (2000). The future of career assessment: Integrating vocational interests with self-efficacy and personal styles. Journal of Career Assessment, 8(4), 329–338. Retrieved February 1, 2018, from https://doi.org/10.1177/106907270000800402
• Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
• Bratcher, W. E. (1982). The influence of the family on career selection: A family systems perspective. Personnel & Guidance Journal, 61(2), 87–91. Retrieved February 1, 2018, from https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2164-4918.1982.tb00734.x
• Brown, S. D., Lent, R. W., & Gore, P. A. (2000). Self-rated ability and self-efficacy beliefs: Are they empirically distinct? Journal of Career Assessment, 8(3), 223–235. Retrieved February 1, 2018, from https://doi.org/10.1177/106907270000800302
• Care, E. (1996). The structure of interests related to college course destinations. Journal of Career Assessment, 4(1), 78–90. Retrieved February 1, 2018 from https://doi.org/10.1177/106907279600400105
• Creswell, J. W. (2015). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. (3rd ed.). Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore, Washington DC: Sage Publication.
• Cuff, D., & Wriedt, J. (Eds). (2010). Architecture from the outside in: Selected essays by Robert Gutman. New York: Princeton Architectural Press.
• Dagenais, F. (1998). Super’s work values inventory scales as intrinsic or extrinsic constructs. Psychological Reports, 83, 197–198.
• Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York, NY: Plenum Press.
• Elsworth, G. R., Harvey-Beavis, A., Ainley, J., & Fabris, S. (1999). Generic interests and school subject choice. Educational Research and Evaluation, 5(3), 290–318. Retrieved February 1, 2018 from 10.1076/edre.5.3.290.3882
• Fisher, T. (2006). In the scheme of things: Alternative thinking on the practice of architecture. (2nd ed.). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
• Fouad, N. A., Kim, S., Ghosh, A., Chang, W., & Figueiredo, C. (2015). Family influence on career decision making: Validation in India and the United States. Journal of Career Assessment, 24(1), 197-212. Retrieved February 1, 2018, from https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072714565782
• Gati, I., Krausz, M., & Osipow, S.H. (1996). A taxonomy of difficulties in career decision making. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43, 510-526. Retrieved May 8, 2021, from https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.43.4.510
• Groat, L., & Wang, D. (2013). Architectural research methods. (2nd ed.). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
• Holland, J. L. (1959). A theory of vocational choice. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 6(1), 35-45. Retrieved February 1, 2018, from https://doi.org/10.1037/h0040767
• Holland, J. L. (1997). Making vocational choices: A theory of vocational personalities and work environments. Lake Magdalene, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
• İlerisoy, Z. Y., & Aycı, H. (2019). Mimarlık son sınıf öğrencilerinin alan seçimlerine yönelik bir değerlendirme. JRES, 6(2), 192-214. Retrieved May 8, 2021, from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/etad/issue/51092/535161
• Jung, J. Y., & McCormick, J. (2011). The occupational decision: A cultural and motivational perspective. Journal of Career Assessment, 19(1), 75-91. Retrieved February 15, 2018, from https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072710382616
• Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Larkin, K. C. (1986). Self-efficacy in the prediction of academic performance and perceived career options. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 33(3), 265-269. Retrieved February 15, 2018, from https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.33.3.265
• Lewis, R. K. (2013). Architect? A candid guide to the profession. (3rd ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
• Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (2011). Designing qualitative research. (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
• Martincin, K., & Stead, G. B. (2015). Five-factor model and difficulties in career decision making: A meta-analysis. Journal of Career Assessment, 23(1), 3-19. Retrieved February 15, 2018, from https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072714523081
• Nauta, M. M. (2010). The development, evolution, and status of Holland’s theory of vocational personalities: Reflections and future directions for counseling psychology. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 57(1), 11–22. Retrieved February 27, 2018, from 10.1037/a0018213
• Neuandorf, K. A. (2017). The content analysis guide book. (2nd ed.). London: Sage.
• Nicol, D., & Pilling, S. (2005). Architectural education and the profession preparing for the future. In D. Nicol & S. Pilling (Eds.), Changing architectural education: Towards a new professionalism (2nd ed., pp. 1-21). London and New York: Taylor & Francis Group.
• Oakland, T., Stafford, M. E., Horton, C. B., & Glutting, J. J. (Summer 2001). Temperament and vocational preferences: Age, gender, and racial-ethnic comparisons using the student styles questionnaire. Journal of Career Assessment, 9(3), 297-314. Retrieved February 27, 2018, from 10.1177/106907270100900306
• Patrick, L., Care, E., & Ainley, M. (2011). The relationship between vocational interests, self-efficacy, and achievement in the prediction of educational pathways. Journal of Career Assessment, 19(1), 61-74. Retrieved February 27, 2018, from https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072710382615
• Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
• Schreier, M. (2012). Qualitative content analysis in practice. London: Sage Publications.
• Schulenberg, J. E., Vondracek, F. W., & Crouter, A. C. (1984). The influence of the family on vocational development. Journal of Marriage & Family, 46(1), 129-143. Retrieved February 27, 2018, from https://doi.org/10.2307/351871
• Sheldon, K. M., Holliday, G., Titova, L., & Benson, C. (January 2019). Comparing Holland and self-determination theory measures of career preference as predictors of career choice. Journal of Career Assessment, 28(1), 1-15. Retrieved March 01, 2020, from 10.1177/1069072718823003
• Super, D. E. (1970). Manual: The work values inventory. Chicago, IL: Riverside.
• Super, D. E. (1973). The work values inventory. In D. Zytowski (Ed.), Contemporary approaches to interest measurement (pp. 189–205). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
• Stufflebeam, D. L. (2003). The CIPP Model for Evaluation. Portland, Oregon: Annual Conference on the Oregon Program Evaluators Network (OPEN).
• Tang, M. (February 2009). Examining the application of Holland's theory to vocational interests and choices of Chinese college students. Journal of Career Assessment, 17(1), 86-98. Retrieved March 01, 2020, from 10.1177/1069072708325743
• Thompson, J. (2019). Narratives of architectural education: From student to architect. London & New York: Routledge.
• Xu, H. (June 2019). Development and initial validation of the constructivist beliefs in the career decision-making scale. Journal of Career Assessment, 28(2),1-17. Retrieved March 01, 2020, from 10.1177/1069072719845668
• Ulrich, D. N., & Dunne, H. P. (1986). To love and to work: A systematic interlocking of family, workplace, and career. New York, NY: Brunner Mazel.
• Wang, N., Jome, L. M., Haase, R. F., & Bruch, M. A. (2006). The role of personality and career decision-making: Self-efficacy in the career choice commitment of college students. Journal of Career Assessment, 14(3), 312–332. Retrieved March 01, 2020, from 10.1177/1069072706286474
• Weber, R. P. (1990). Basic content analysis. (2nd ed.). New Burry Park, CA.: Sage Publications.
• Whiston, S. C., & Keller, B. K. (2004). The influences of the family of origin on career development: A review and analysis. Counseling Psychologist, 32(4), 493–568. Retrieved March 01, 2020, from https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000004265660