Araştırma Makalesi

Age-related variation in needle physical properties of Black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold)

Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2 31 Aralık 2025
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Age-related variation in needle physical properties of Black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold)

Öz

Background and Aims This study investigated the variation in physical properties of black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) needles, according to elevation, stand development stage, needle age, and seasonal factors. Method Needle samples were collected seasonally (May 2024, July 2024, September 2024, November 2024) from 12 stands across two elevation ranges (750–1000 m and 1000–1250 m) and two stand development stages (b–bc and c–cd). Needles were classified into four age groups (current year 0, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd year needles), and needle length, sheath length, mean diameter, and 1,000-needle weight were measured. Results Analysis results revealed that needle age had a statistically significant effect on all physical properties. Current-year needles (0) exhibited the lowest length (7.71 cm) and lowest weight (76.38 g), while one-year-old needles (1) reached maximum values (11.01 cm; 135.28 g). Sheath length decreased systematically with needle age (0: 1.41 cm; 3: 0.35 cm). Seasonally, needle characteristics (except for the sheath length) developed throughout the summer season, reaching maximum values in autumn. In terms of elevation, only the average diameter and the weight needles showed significant differences. The stand development stage affected all needle properties, with longer and heavier needles observed in the c–cd stage stands. Correlation analysis detected a strong positive relationship between needle length and weight and a strong negative relationship between sheath length and needle age. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that black pine needle traits are sensitive to elevation, stand development stage and seasonal gradients, and that needle properties can be used as an indicator of site quality and forest health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışmada etik kurul izni gerektiren herhangi bir insan, hayvan deneyi, anket veya mülakat uygulanmamıştır. Arazi çalışmaları ilgili mevzuat ve bilimsel etik kuralları çerçevesinde yürütülmüştür. Yazarlar, çalışmada herhangi bir çıkar çatışması bulunmadığını ve tüm bilimsel etik ilkelere uyulduğunu beyan eder. Ayrıca, makalede kullanılan tüm verilerin tarafımızca elde edildiği ve araştırma sürecinde herhangi bir etik ihlalin yapılmadığı doğrulanmaktadır.

Teşekkür

This study is a part of a doctoral thesis of first author. We thank Dr. Alper Gün ÖZTURNA for his support during the field work.

Kaynakça

  1. Błasiak, A., Węgiel, A., Łukowski, A., Sułkowski, S., Turski, M., 2021. The Effects of Tree and Stand Traits on the Specific Leaf Area in Managed Scots Pine Forests of Different Ages. Forests, 12(4), 396. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12040396
  2. Çepel, N., Dündar, M., 1978. Bitki Beslenmesi ile İlgili Araştırmalarda Elverişli Yaprak Örneği Alma Zamanının Belirlenmesi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(2), 56-66.
  3. Çoban, Ş. Ö., Seki, N., 2025. Morphological Variation in Cone and Needle Characteristics of Black Pine (Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold) Under Different Topographic Conditions. BioResources, 20(2), 4288-4303. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.20.2.4288-4303
  4. Eruz, E., 1984. Balıkesir Orman Başmüdürlüğü Bölgesindeki Saf Karaçam Meşcerelerinin Boy Gelişimi ile Bazı Edafik ve Fizyografik Özellikler Arasındaki İlişkiler. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Yayınları, Yayın No:3244/368, İstanbul.
  5. General Directorate of Forestry., 2020. Turkish forest resources. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ankara, Türkiye.
  6. Gulati, K., Jeyaseelan, C., Rattan, S., 2018. Pine needles as green material for removal of metal ions and dyes from wastewater. In Green Chemistry in Environmental Sustainability and Chemical Education: Proceedings of ICGC 2016, New Delhi (pp. 61-72). Springer Singapore.
  7. Gülsoy, S., Cinar, T., 2019. The relationships between environmental factors and site index of Anatolian black pine (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) stands in Demİrcİ (Manİsa) district, Türkiye. Applied Ecology & Environmental Research, 17(1), 1235–1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1701_12351246
  8. Güner, Ş. T., Çömez, A., Özkan, K., Karataş, R., Çelik, N., 2016. Productivity modeling of black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) plantations in Türkiye. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 66(1), 159–172. https://doi.org/10.17099/jffiu.18731

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Ormancılık (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

31 Aralık 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

22 Kasım 2025

Kabul Tarihi

31 Aralık 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
M. Kaddour, E., & Akburak, S. (2025). Age-related variation in needle physical properties of Black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold). Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.1828451
AMA
1.M. Kaddour E, Akburak S. Age-related variation in needle physical properties of Black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold). AOAD. 2025;11(2). doi:10.53516/ajfr.1828451
Chicago
M. Kaddour, Ebtehal, ve Serdar Akburak. 2025. “Age-related variation in needle physical properties of Black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold)”. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi 11 (2). https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.1828451.
EndNote
M. Kaddour E, Akburak S (01 Aralık 2025) Age-related variation in needle physical properties of Black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold). Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi 11 2
IEEE
[1]E. M. Kaddour ve S. Akburak, “Age-related variation in needle physical properties of Black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold)”, AOAD, c. 11, sy 2, Ara. 2025, doi: 10.53516/ajfr.1828451.
ISNAD
M. Kaddour, Ebtehal - Akburak, Serdar. “Age-related variation in needle physical properties of Black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold)”. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi 11/2 (01 Aralık 2025). https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.1828451.
JAMA
1.M. Kaddour E, Akburak S. Age-related variation in needle physical properties of Black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold). AOAD. 2025;11. doi:10.53516/ajfr.1828451.
MLA
M. Kaddour, Ebtehal, ve Serdar Akburak. “Age-related variation in needle physical properties of Black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold)”. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 11, sy 2, Aralık 2025, doi:10.53516/ajfr.1828451.
Vancouver
1.Ebtehal M. Kaddour, Serdar Akburak. Age-related variation in needle physical properties of Black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold). AOAD. 01 Aralık 2025;11(2). doi:10.53516/ajfr.1828451