Açık ve Uzaktan Öğrenme Sisteminde Karekod Kullanımı: Açıköğretim Ders Kitapları Örneği

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı açık ve uzaktan öğrenme süreçlerinde kullanılan basılı kitaplarda yer alan karekodları incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda on maddelik bir anket geliştirilmiş ve tarama çalışması yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre erken benimseyenler olarak tanımlanabilecek bir öğrenci kitlesi karekod teknolojini kullanmaktadır. Araştırma bulgularına göre açık ve uzaktan öğrenme sisteminde yer alan öğrenenlerin karekod teknolojisini öğrenme hedeflerini hızlı bir şekilde gerçekleştirmek, etkileşimi artırmak, öğrenme performansını artırmak, öğrenme sürecinde verimliliği artırmak ve öğrenmeyi kolaylaştırmak bağlamında olumlu düşüncelere sahip oldukları karekod teknolojini kullanmanın kolay olduğu ve öğrenenlerin bu teknolojiyi başkalarına tavsiye edebilecekleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışmanın devamında karekod teknolojini basılı kitaplarda kullanmanın üstünlükleri ve sınırlıkları açıklanmış ve ileri çalışmalar için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Açık ve uzaktan öğrenme
• eğitim teknolojileri
• karekod
• mobil öğrenme
• ortam zenginliği kuramı.

The Use of The Qr Code in Open and Distance Learning: Case of Open Education Faculty Course Books

Öz

The main purpose of this study is to examine the QR codes in the printed books used in the open and distance learning processes. For this purpose, a ten-item questionnaire was developed, and a survey study was conducted. According to the results of the research, a student population that can be defined as early adopters uses QR code technology. According to research findings, it is found that learners in open and distance learning system have positive thoughts in order to reach the learning objectives rapidly with QR code technology, to increase interaction, to improve learning performance, to increase effectiveness in learning process and to facilitate learning. It is also found that QR code technology is easy to use and learners would recommend this technology to others. In following sections of the study, the strengths and limitations of using QR code technology in printed books was explained and suggestions for future studies were provided.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Open and distance learning
• educational technologies
• QR code
• mobile learning
• media richness theory.

Kaynakça

1. Acartürk, C. (2012). Barkod teknolojilerinin eğitimde kullanımı: Bilişsel bilimler çerçevesinde bir değerlendirme. Akademik Bilişim’12 - XIV. Akademik Bilişim Konferansı Bildirileri (s. 117-122). 1-3 Şubat 2012, Uşak Üniversitesi.
2. Aktaş, C. ve Çaycı, B. (2013a). QR kodların eğitim teknolojilerinde kullanımı. International Conference on Communication, Media, Technology and Design, 375-379.
3. Aktaş, C., & Çaycı, B., (2013b). QR kodun mobil eğitimde yeni eğitim yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesine katkısı. Global Media Journal, 4(7), 1-19.
4. Bozkurt, A. & Bozkaya, M. (2015). Evaluation criteria for interactive e-books for open and distance learning. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 16(4), 58-82
5. Bozkurt, A. (2015). Mobil öğrenme: her zaman, her yerde kesintisiz öğrenme deneyimi. Açık Öğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi (AUAd), 1(2), 65-81.
6. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2008). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
7. Carlson, J. R. & Zmud, R. W. (1999). Channel expansion theory and the experiential nature of media richness perceptions. Academy of Management Journal, 42(2), 153-170.
8. Chaisatien, P. & Akahori, K. (2007). An Application on 3G Mobile Phone and Two Dimension Barcode in Classroom Communication Support System. In C. Montgomerie & J. Seale (Eds.), Proceedings of EdMedia: World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2007 (pp. 3320-3329). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).

9. Clark, R. C., & Mayer, R. E. (2016). E-learning and the Science of Instruction: Proven Guidelines for Consumers and Designers of Multimedia Learning. John Wiley & Sons.
10. Creswell, J. W. (2004). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Pearson.
11. Daft, R. & Lengel, R. (1984). Information richness: A new approach to managerial behavior and organization design. B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Ed.), Research in Organizational Behavior, 6, 191- 233. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
12. Daft, R. L. & Lengel, R.H. (1986). Organizational information requirements, media richness and structural design. Management Science, 32(5), 554-571.
13. Daft, R., Lengel, R. & Trevino, L. (1987). Message equivocality, media selection, and manager performance: Implications for information systems. MIS Quarterly, 17, 355-366.
14. Davis, F. D. (1985). A technology acceptance model for empirically testing new end-user information systems: Theory and results (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology).
15. Durak, G., Ozkeskin, E., & Ataizi, M. (2016). QR codes in education and communication. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE, 17(2), 42-58.
16. Erdoğdu, E. (2016). Açık ve uzaktan öğrenme kapsamında etkileşimli ekitaplar: etkileşim, teknoloji, üretim boyutu ve örnekleri. AUAd, 2(3),88-114.
17. George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update (10a ed.). Boston: Pearson.
18. Goyal, S., Yadav, S., & Mathuria, M. (2016, September). Exploring concept of QR code and its benefits in digital education system. In Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI), 2016 International Conference on (pp. 1141-1147). IEEE.
19. Hwang, G. J., Wu, C. H., Tseng, J. C. R., & Huang, I. (2011). Development of a ubiquitous learning platform based on a real-time help-seeking mechanism. British Journal of Educational Technology, 42(6), 992– 1002.
20. Karadeniz, A. (2011). Multimedya destekli web tabanlı çalışma kitabının hazırlanması ve etkinliğinin araştırılması. Yüksek lisans tezi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
21. Kato, H., Tan, K. T., & Chai, D. (2010). Barcodes for mobile devices. Cambridge University Press.
22. Kouninef, B., Merad, G., & Djelti, M. (2015, October). The use of QR codes and mobile technology in the blended learning approach. In e-Learning (econf), 2015 Fifth International Conference on (pp. 135-143). IEEE.
23. Lai, H. C., Chang, C. Y., Wen‐Shiane, L., Fan, Y. L., & Wu, Y. T. (2013). The implementation of mobile learning in outdoor education: application of QR codes. British Journal of Educational Technology, 44(2), 57-E62. C. Development and Exchange, 3(1), 85-100. QR codes in education.
24. Journal of Educational Technology
25. Lee, J. K., Lee, I. S., & Kwon, Y. J. (2011). Scan & learn Use of quick response codes & smartphones in a biology field study. The american biology Teacher, 73(8), 485-492.
26. Lezhebokov, A. A., Kravchenko, Y. A., & Bova, V. V. (2014, October). Support system for QR-code-based educational processes. In Application of Information and Communication Technologies (AICT), 2014 IEEE 8th International Conference on (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
27. Liu, T. Y., Tan, T. H., & Chu, Y. L. (2010). QR code and augmented reality-supported mobile English learning system. In Mobile Multimedia Processing (pp. 37-52). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
28. Liu, T., Tan, T., & Chu, Y. (2007). 2D Barcode and Augmented Reality Supported English Learning System. Proceeding of the 6th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Computer and Information Science (pp 5-10). IEEE Computer Society
29. Looi, C.K., Wong, L.H., So, H.J., Seow, P., Toh, Y., Chen, W., Zhang, B., Norris, C. and Soloway, E (2009). Anatomy of a mobilized lesson: Learning my way. Computers & Education, 53(4), 1120-1132.
30. Mayer, R. E., & Moreno, R. (2003). Nine ways to reduce cognitive load in multimedia learning. Educational Psychologist, 38(1), 43-52.
31. McCabe, M., & Tedesco, S. (2012). Using QR codes and mobile devices to foster an inclusive learning environment for mathematics education. International Journal of Technology and Inclusive Education (IJTIE), 1(1).
32. Ozcelik, E., & Acarturk, C. (2011). Reducing the spatial distance between printed and nline information sources by means of mobile technology enhances learning: Using 2D barcodes. Computers & Education, 57(3), 2077–2085.
33. Pérez-Sanagustín, M., Parra, D., Verdugo, R., García-Galleguillos, G., & Nussbaum, M. (2016). Using QR codes to increase user engagement in museum-like spaces. Computers in Human Behavior, 60, 73-85.
34. Rikala, J. (2014). Evaluating QR code case studies using a mobile learning framework. International Association for Development of the Information Society.
35. Rogers, E. M. (2010). Diffusion of Innovations. Simon and Schuster.
36. Suh, K. S. (1999). Impact of communication medium on task performance and satisfaction: An examination of media-richness theory. Information & Management, 35(5), 295-312.
37. Trifonova, A. (2003). Mobile learning: review of the literature. Technical Report DIT-03-009, Informatica e- Telecomunicazioni, University of Trento. http://eprints.biblio.unitn.it/archive/00000359/01/009.pdf
38. Winter, M. (2011). Scan Me-Everybody's Guide to the Magical World of Qr Codes. Westsong Publishing.
39. Yfantis, V., Kalagiakos, P., Kouloumperi, C., & Karampelas, P. (2012, July). Quick response codes in e- learning. In Education and e-Learning Innovations (ICEELI), 2012 International Conference on (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
40. Youan, X., Chao, Y., & Chunling, L. (2011, April). A new method of QR code accumulation encoding in mobile education. In Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet), 2011 International Conference on (pp. 42-45). IEEE.