Batı Manastır Geleneğinin Babası Aziz Benedikt ve Asketik Öğretileri

Öz

Hıristiyanlıkta özel bir yeri bulunan manastır yaşamının Batı’daki en önemli temsilcisi konumunda olan kişi Aziz Benedikt’tir (480-547). Benedikt, kaleme aldığı manastır nizamnamesiyle (Regula Benedicti) kendilerini münzevi yaşama adamış kimseler için bir model oluşturarak Orta Çağ Batı dünyasında büyük bir etki yaratmıştır. Benedikt, Doğu manastır geleneğinde var olan bekârlık, iffet, alçakgönüllülük, itaat, istikrar, sessizlik gibi birçok değeri benimseyip, bunları özgün bir şekilde ele almıştır. Ayrıca Benedikt, bu ilkeleri sağduyu ve daha insancıl bir sistemle birleştirmiş ve bu ilkeleri Batı şartlarına uyarlayarak takipçilerine daha ılımlı bir asketik yaşam modeli sunmuştur. 1500 yıl sürecek bir manastır geleneğinin oluşmasına doğrudan etki edecek bu kapsamlı ve tutarlı nizamname ile Benedikt, manastır yaşamını farklı bir boyuta taşımıştır. Benedikt, özellikle vurguladığı çalışma, dua ve ibadet eksenli bir manastır yaşamı inşa etmesiyle de Batı manastır geleneğinin gelişimine ve kurumsallaşmasına büyük ölçüde katkıda bulunmuştur. Bu sebeple “Batı manastırcılığının babası” unvanını alan Benedikt, aynı zamanda 24 Ekim 1964’te Papa VI. Paul tarafından Avrupa’nın koruyucu azizi olarak ilan edilmiş ve 2005 yılında XVI. Benedikt unvanını alan Joseph Ratzinger’e kadar pek çok Papa tarafından ismi kullanılarak onurlandırılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aziz Benedikt,Hıristiyanlık,Orta Çağ,Batı Manastırcılığı,Asketizm,Benedikt Kuralı

Father of the Western Monastery Tradition, St. Benedict and his Ascetic Teachings

Öz

St. Benedict (480-547) is the most important representative of the monastery life in the West, which has a special place in Christianity. With the monastery regulations (Regula Benedicti) he wrote, Benedict made a great impact in the medieval Western world by creating a model for those who devoted themselves to ascetic life. Benedict adopted many values such as celibacy, chastity, humility, obedience, stability, and silence in the Eastern monastery tradition and handled them in a unique way. In addition, Benedict combined these principles with common sense and a more humane system, and adapted these principles to Western conditions and offered a more moderate ascetic life model to its followers. With this comprehensive and consistent regulation that will directly affect the formation of a 1500-year-old monastery tradition, Benedict had taken the monastery life to a different dimension. Benedict especially contributed greatly to the development and institutionalization of the Western monastery tradition by building a monastic life centered on work, prayer, and worship. For this reason, Benedict, who received the title of “father of the western monastery” was also declared as the “patron saint of Europe” by Pope Paul VI on 24 October 1964 and was honored by many Popes, including Joseph Ratzinger, who finally received the title Benedict XVI in 2005. In this study, we will try to explain the role of the basic ascetic teachings that Aziz Benedict handled within the framework of the Rule book (Regula Benedicti), in the shaping of monastic life, on which aspects of ascetic life contributed to the institutionalization of monastic life.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Christianity,Middle Age,Western Monasticism,Asceticism,St. Benedict,Rule of St. Benedict

Kaynakça

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