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Gıda ve Çevreden Alınan Bor Bileşiklerinin Toksikolojik Değerlendirmesi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 3, 312 - 322, 29.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.818193

Öz

Bor, endüstri ve tarımda yaygın olarak kullanılan ve çevrede doğal olarak bulunan bir bileşik olduğundan birçok araştırmacı tarafından ilgi odağı olmuştur. Bu makalede, içme suyu, gıdalar ve farklı kaynaklardan kaynaklanan bor maruziyetinin insan ve hayvanlar üzerindeki etkileri ve çeşitli gıdaların bor miktarları verilmiştir. Bor bileşenlerine insanlar ve hayvanlar oral, solunum ve temas yoluyla maruz kalmaktadır. Maruziyet sınırları bu bileşenlerin etkileri üzerinde oldukça önemlidir. Önerilen miktarlarda vücuda alınan borun çeşitli metabolik, beslenme, hormonal ve fizyolojik süreçlere etkisi değerlendirildiğinde, insanlarda temel bir besin ögesi olmasa da diyet açısından önemli olduğu ve hücresel fonksiyonlarda olumlu etkileri olduğu kanıtlanmıştır. Hem hayvan hem de insanlar için bor alımı <1.0 mg/gün düzeyinde olduğunda olumlu etkilere sahipken fazla alınmasının sakıncalı olabileceği bilinmektedir. Önemli bor kaynakları olarak günlük diyette meyve, sebze, kabuklu yemiş ve bakliyatlara yeterli miktarlarda yer verilmelidir. Ayrıca içme suyu da yetişkin bireyler için birincil bor kaynağıdır. Hayvanlar üzerinde borun gelişimsel ve üreme toksisitesine ilişkin veriler doğrultusunda kanserojenliğine dair net bir kanıt yoktur. Bor vücuttan kolayca atılabilen bir element olup kanserojen veya mutajen olduğunu gösteren bir veri bulunmamaktadır. Bor bileşenlerinin diyet gereksinimleri, metabolik fonksiyonları, terapötik uygulamaları ve önemli düzenleyici etkileri üzerinde daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.

Kaynakça

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Toxicological Evaluation of Boron Compounds Taken from Food and Environment

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 3, 312 - 322, 29.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.818193

Öz

Since boron is widely used in industry and agriculture and naturally found in environment, it has been the focus of attention by many researchers, recently. In this review, in addition to the effects of boron exposure from different sources on humans and animals, the amounts of boron in various foods and recommended boron intake levels are also summarized. Humans and animals are exposed to boron components through oral consumption, inhalation and skin contact. Exposure limits are very important on the effects of these ingredients. Even though boron is not essential for humans, it is important for diet and cellular functions. In case of taking recommended amounts to body, it was shown that it had positive effects on metabolic, nutritional, hormonal and physiological functions. It is known that boron intake of >1.0 mg/day may be beneficial for both animals and humans, but it may be inconvenient to take it in excess. As important boron sources, sufficient amounts of fruits, vegetables, nuts and legumes should be included in the daily diet. In addition, drinking water is the primary source of boron for adults. There is no clear evidence of the carcinogenicity of boron in animals based on data on developmental and reproductive toxicity. Boron is easily excreted from body and there is lack of data indicating it as carcinogen or mutagen. More studies are needed on the dietary requirements, metabolic functions, therapeutic applications, and important regulatory expressions of boron components.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Kılıç, A.M., Kılıç, Ö., Andaç, İ., Çelik, A.G. (2009). Boron mining in Turkey, the marketing situation and the economical importance of Boron in the World IV. In International Boron Symposium, Eskişehir, Turkey.
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  • [64] EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). (2004). Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition, and Allergies (NDA) on the tolerable upper intake level for boron (sodium borate and boric acid). EFSA Journal, 80, 1-22.
  • [65] EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). (2005). Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Contaminants in Food Chain on a request of the Commission related to concentration limits for boron and fluoride in natural mineral waters. EFSA Journal, 237, 1-8.
  • [66] Başaran, N., Duydu, Y., Bolt, H.M. (2012). Reproductive toxicity in boron exposed workers in Bandirma, Turkey. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 26(2-3), 165-167.
  • [67] Xing, X., Wu, G., Wei, F., Liu, P., Wei, H., Wang, C. Elashoff, D. (2008). Biomarkers of environmental and workplace boron exposure. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 5(3), 141-147.
  • [68] Kelly, G.S. (1997). Boron: a review of its nutritional interactions and therapeutic uses. Alternative Medicine Review, 2(1), 48-56.
  • [69] Şaylı, B.S. (2003). Low frequency of infertility among workers in a borate processing facility. Biological Trace Element Research, 93(1-3), 19-29.
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  • [71] Garabrant, D.H., Bernstein, L., Peters, J.M., Smith, T.J., Wright, W.E. (1985). Respiratory effects of borax dust. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 42(12), 831-837.
  • [72] Wegman, D. H., Eisen, E.A., Hu, X., Woskie, S.R., Smith, R.G., Garabrant, D.H. (1994). Acute and chronic respiratory effects of sodium borate particulate exposures. Environmental Health Perspectives, 102(suppl 7), 119-128.
  • [73] Hu, X., Wegman, D. H., Eisen, E.A., Woskie, S.R., Smith, R.G. (1992). Dose related acute irritant symptom responses to occupational exposure to sodium borate dusts. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 49(10), 706-713.
  • [74] Block, C. (2003). Human and Environmental Risk Assessment on ingredients of household cleaning products. Jornadas-Comite Espanol De La Detergencia, 33, 39-44.
  • [75] Şaylı, B.S. (2001). Assessment of fertility and ınfertility in boron exposed Turkish subpopulations. Biological Trace Element Research, 81, 255-267.
  • [76] Şaylı, B.S. (1998). An assessment of fertility in boron-exposed Turkish subpopulations: 2. Evidence that boron has no effect on human reproduction. Biological Trace Element Research, 66(1-3), 409-422.
  • [77] Şaylı, B.S. (1998). The sex ratio of offspring of people exposed to boron. Reproductive Toxicology, 12(6), 673-674.
  • [78] Whorton, D., Haas, J., Trent, L. (1994). Reproductive effects of inorganic borates on male employees: birth rate assessment. Environmental Health Perspectives, 102(suppl 7), 129-132.
  • [79] Whorton, M.D., Haas, J.L., Trent, L., Wong, O. (1994). Reproductive effects of sodium borates on male employees: birth rate assessment. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 51(11), 761-767.
  • [80] Liu, P., Wei, H., Guoping, W., Fusheng, W. (2006). Effects of occupational exposure to boron on the sperm quality of males. Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, 24(3), 167-169.
  • [81] Duydu, Y., Başaran, N., Bolt, H.M. (2012). Exposure assessment of boron in Bandırma boric acid production plant. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 26(2-3), 161-164.
  • [82] Duydu, Y., Başaran, N., Aydın, S., Üstündağ, A., Yalçın, C.Ö., Anlar, H.G. Ickstadt, K. (2018a). Evaluation of FSH, LH, testosterone levels and semen parameters in male boron workers under extreme exposure conditions. Archives of Toxicology, 92(10), 3051-3059.
  • [83] Duydu, Y., Başaran, N., Üstündağ, A., Aydın, S., Yalçın, C Ö., Anlar, H.G., Ickstadt, K. (2018b). Birth weights of newborns and pregnancy outcomes of environmentally boron-exposed females in Turkey. Archives of Toxicology, 92(8), 2475-2485.
  • [84] Duydu, Y., Başaran, N., Yalçın, C.Ö., Üstündağ, A., Aydın, S., Anlar, H.G., Ickstadt, K. (2019). Boron-exposed male workers in Turkey: no change in sperm Y: X chromosome ratio and in offspring’s sex ratio. Archives of Toxicology, 93(3), 743-751.
  • [85] Korkmaz, M., Yenigün, M., Bakırdere, S., Ataman, O.Y., Keskin, S., Müezzinoğlu, T., Lekili, M. (2011). Effects of chronic boron exposure on semen profile. Biological Trace Element Research, 143(2), 738-750.
  • [86] Robbins, W.A., Xun, L., Jia, J., Kennedy, N., Elashoff, D. A., Ping, L. (2010). Chronic boron exposure and human semen parameters. Reproductive Toxicology, 29(2), 184-190.
  • [87] Turkez, H., Geyikoğlu, F., Tatar, A. (2013). Borax counteracts genotoxicity of aluminum in rat liver. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 29(9), 775-779.
  • [88] Nielsen, F.H., Meacham, S.L. (2011). Growing evidence for human health benefits of boron. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 16(3), 169-180.
  • [89] Hunt, C.D., Shuler, T.R., Mullen, L.M. (1991). Concentration of boron and other elements in human foods and personal-care products. Journal of The American Dietetic Association, 91(5), 558-568.
  • [90] Anderson, D.L., Cunningham, W.C., Lindstrom, T.R. (1994). Concentrations and intakes of H, B, S, K, Na, Cl, and NaCl in foods. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 7(1-2), 59-82.
  • [91] Hunt, C.D., Meacham, S.L. (2001). Aluminum, boron, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and zinc: concentrations in common western foods and estimated daily intakes by infants; toddlers; and male and female adolescents, adults, and seniors in the United States. Journal of The American Dietetic Association, 101(9), 1058-1060.
  • [92] Rainey, C., Nyquist, L. (1998). Multicountry estimation of dietary boron intake. Biological Trace Element Research, 66(1-3), 79-86.
  • [93] Nielsen, F.H., Penland, J.G. (1999). Boron supplementation of peri‐menopausal women affects boron metabolism and indices associated with macromineral metabolism, hormonal status and immune function. The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine: The Official Publication of the International Society for Trace Element Research in Humans, 12(3), 251-261.
  • [94] Penland, J.G. (1995). Quantitative analysis of EEG effects following experimental marginal magnesium and boron deprivation. Magnesium Research, 8(4), 341-358.
  • [95] Nielsen, F.H. (1996). Evidence for the nutritional essentiality of boron. The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine, 9, 215-229.
  • [96] Nielsen, F.H., Gallagher, S.K., Johnson, L.K., Nielsen, E.J. (1992). Boron enhances and mimics some effects of estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women. The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine, 5, 237-246.
  • [97] Velioğlu, S., Saylı, B.S., Altunsoy, S. (1999). Bor madeni havzalarında üretilen bazı gıdalarda bor miktarlarının belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. Gıda, 24(1), 13-19.
  • [98] Şimşek, A., Velioğlu, Y.S., Coşkun, A.L., Saylı, bor.S. (2003). Boron concentrations in selected foods from borate‐producing regions in Turkey. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 83(6), 586-592.
  • [99] Pizzorno, L. (2015). Nothing boring about boron. Integrative Medicine: A Clinician's Journal, 14(4), 35-48.
  • [100] Kim, M.H., Bae, Y.J., Lee, Y.S., Choi, M.K. (2008). Estimation of boron intake and its relation with bone mineral density in free-living Korean female subjects. Biological Trace Element Research, 125(3), 213-222.
  • [101] Boyacıoğlu, O., Orenay-Boyacıoğlu, S., Yıldırım, H., Korkmaz, M. (2018). Boron intake, osteocalcin polymorphism and serum level in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 48, 52-56.
  • [102] Khaliq, H., Juming, Z., Ke-Mei, P. (2018). The physiological role of boron on health. Biological Trace Element Research, 186(1), 31-51.
  • [103] Militaru, C., Donoiu, I., Craciun, A., Scorei, I.D., Bulearca, A.M., Scorei, R.I. (2013). Oral resveratrol and calcium fructoborate supplementation in subjects with stable angina pectoris: effects on lipid profiles, inflammation markers, and quality of life. Nutrition, 29(1), 178-183.
  • [104] Reyes-Izquierdo, T., Nemzer, B., Gonzalez, A.E., Zhou, Q., Argumedo, R., Shu, C., Pietrzkowski, Z. B. (2012). Short-term intake of calcium fructoborate improves WOMAC and McGill scores and beneficially modulates biomarkers associated with knee osteoarthritis: a pilot clinical double-blinded placebo-controlled study. American Journal of Biomedical Sciences, 4(2), 111-122.
  • [105] Scorei, R., Mitrut, P., Petrisor, I., Scorei, I. (2011). A double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study to evaluate the effect of calcium fructoborate on systemic inflammation and dyslipidemia markers for middle-aged people with primary osteoarthritis. Biological Trace Element Research, 144(1-3), 253-263.
Toplam 105 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Gıda Mühendisliği
Bölüm Derleme Makaleler
Yazarlar

Bahar Demircan Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-6983-384X

Yakup Sedat Velioğlu Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-3281-6229

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Ekim 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Demircan, B., & Velioğlu, Y. S. (2020). Gıda ve Çevreden Alınan Bor Bileşiklerinin Toksikolojik Değerlendirmesi. Akademik Gıda, 18(3), 312-322. https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.818193
AMA Demircan B, Velioğlu YS. Gıda ve Çevreden Alınan Bor Bileşiklerinin Toksikolojik Değerlendirmesi. Akademik Gıda. Ekim 2020;18(3):312-322. doi:10.24323/akademik-gida.818193
Chicago Demircan, Bahar, ve Yakup Sedat Velioğlu. “Gıda Ve Çevreden Alınan Bor Bileşiklerinin Toksikolojik Değerlendirmesi”. Akademik Gıda 18, sy. 3 (Ekim 2020): 312-22. https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.818193.
EndNote Demircan B, Velioğlu YS (01 Ekim 2020) Gıda ve Çevreden Alınan Bor Bileşiklerinin Toksikolojik Değerlendirmesi. Akademik Gıda 18 3 312–322.
IEEE B. Demircan ve Y. S. Velioğlu, “Gıda ve Çevreden Alınan Bor Bileşiklerinin Toksikolojik Değerlendirmesi”, Akademik Gıda, c. 18, sy. 3, ss. 312–322, 2020, doi: 10.24323/akademik-gida.818193.
ISNAD Demircan, Bahar - Velioğlu, Yakup Sedat. “Gıda Ve Çevreden Alınan Bor Bileşiklerinin Toksikolojik Değerlendirmesi”. Akademik Gıda 18/3 (Ekim 2020), 312-322. https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.818193.
JAMA Demircan B, Velioğlu YS. Gıda ve Çevreden Alınan Bor Bileşiklerinin Toksikolojik Değerlendirmesi. Akademik Gıda. 2020;18:312–322.
MLA Demircan, Bahar ve Yakup Sedat Velioğlu. “Gıda Ve Çevreden Alınan Bor Bileşiklerinin Toksikolojik Değerlendirmesi”. Akademik Gıda, c. 18, sy. 3, 2020, ss. 312-2, doi:10.24323/akademik-gida.818193.
Vancouver Demircan B, Velioğlu YS. Gıda ve Çevreden Alınan Bor Bileşiklerinin Toksikolojik Değerlendirmesi. Akademik Gıda. 2020;18(3):312-2.

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