Collagen/Gelatin Extraction from Poultry Skin and Mechanically Deboned Meat (MDM) Residues

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 116 - 125, 01.08.2021

Ayşegül Gündem Özgür Tarhan

https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.976929

Öz

Collagen is a structural protein found naturally in high amounts in poultry skin and bones. Gelatin is obtained by a partial hydrolysis of collagen under controlled conditions. It is a pure protein with many functional and technological properties such as gelation, thickening, film-forming and emulsification. Besides skin and bones, mechanically deboned meat (MDM) residues are considered good sources of collagen as well. This study aimed to extract collagen and gelatin from poultry skin and MDM residues of neck, shinbone, breastbone, wingtip, shanks, upper/lower backbone and their mixture through pre-treatment (using with dilute alkali and acid), demineralization, degreasing and thermal extraction processes, and evaluate their properties comparatively. Based on Kjeldahl analysis, the protein content of poultry skin was about 15% and that of the MDM residues varied between 15-21% before the extraction process. The SDS-PAGE profiles of the extracted collagen in skin and MDM residues comprised γ, β, α, and sub-α chain protein units. Collagen solution of the upper backbone and mixed MDM residues had the highest protein content with 11.98 mg/mL and 11.33 mg/mL, respectively. The extraction yield of collagen and gelatin significantly differred (p˂0.05) within the range between 1.32 and 2.16%, and 1.03 and 1.89%, respectively. The viscosity of collagen/gelatin solutions decreased with an increase in shear rate and gelatin obtained from mix MDM residues indicated higher viscosity than that of skin. Results of this study showed successful recovery of collagen and gelatin from poultry processing by-products and residues, which could contribute to the production of high value-added alternative sources for various applications.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Poultry, Collagen, Gelatin, Mechanically deboned meat (MDM), Extraction, Electrophoresis

Teşekkür

The authors would like to thank Gedik Piliç A.Ş. (Uşak, Turkey) for providing poultry samples used in this study. Special thanks to Dr. Berker Nacak for his valuable help in physicochemical tests.

Kanatlı Deri ve Mekanik Olarak Eti Sıyrılmış Kemik (MKS) Artıklarından Kollajen/Jelatin Ekstraksiyonu

Öz

Kollajen kanatlı deri ve kemiklerinde oldukça yüksek oranda bulunan yapısal bir proteindir. Kollajenin kontrollü şartlar altında kısmi hidrolizi ile jelatin elde edilir. Jelatin jelleştirme, kıvam artırma, film oluşturma ve emülsifiye etme gibi birçok fonksiyonel ve teknolojik özelliğe sahip saf bir proteindir. Tavuk derisi ve kemiklerinin yanısıra, mekanik olarak eti sıyrılmış kemik (MKS) artıkları da iyi bir kollajen kaynağı olarak kabul edilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı kanatlı deri ve boyun, incik kemiği, göğüs kemiği, kanat ucu, ayak takozu, alt/üst sırt kemiği ve bu kemiklerin karışımının MKS artıklarında, ön işlem (seyreltik alkali ve asit ile muamele), mineral ve yağdan arındırma ve ısıl ekstraksiyon işlemleriyle kollajen ve jelatin ekstrakt etmek ve karşılaştırmalı olarak bazı özelliklerini incelemektir. Khjeldahl analizine göre, örneklerin ekstaksiyon öncesi protein içerikleri tavuk derisinde yaklaşık %15 ve MKS artıklarında ise %15-21 oranları ile önemli farklılıklar (p˂0.05) göstermektedir. Deri ve MKS artıklarından ekstrakt edilen kollajenin SDS-PAGE profilleri γ, β, α, and sub-α zinciri protein unitelerini içermektedir. Sırt kemiği ve kemik karışımı MKS artıklarından elde edilen kollajen solüsyonu en yüksek protein içeriğine sahiptir. Kollajen ve jelatin extraksiyon verimi sırasıyla %1.32 ila 2.16 ve %1.03 ila 1.89 arasında değişmektedir. Kollajen/jelatin viskozitesi artan kayma oranı ile azalmıştır ve karışım MKS artıklarından elde edilen jelatin deriden elde edilen jelatinden daha yüksek viskoziteye sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları çeşitli uygulamalar için yüksek katma değerli alternatif kaynakların üretimine katkı sağlayabilecek, kanatlı işleme yan ürünleri ve artıklarından kollajen ve jelatinin başarılı şekilde geri kazanımını göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kanatlı, Kollajen, Jelatin, Mekanik olarak eti sıyrılmış kemik (MKS), Ekstraksiyon, Elektroforez

Kaynakça

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