Effect of Ultrasonication on Enzyme Activation

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 158 - 166, 04.09.2024

Seval Dağbağlı

https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.1543682

Öz

Ultrasound has attracted attention in recent years as a green and effective non-thermal processing technique used in various fields, especially in the food, biotechnology and biopharmaceutical industries. It is important to determine the effects of ultrasonication on enzymatic reactions that have important applications in these industries. While intense ultrasonication conditions cause enzyme inactivation, it has been reported that enzyme activity can be increased under mid-ultrasound conditions (i.e. low intensity and short duration). Ultrasound treatment can be applied to free enzyme, substrate and immobilized enzyme. Ultrasonication may have a positive effect on the structure of molecules, increasing enzyme activity and product yield. In this review, information is given about the changes in molecular structure and enzyme activation that occur as a result of the application of ultrasound treatment to free enzyme, immobilized enzyme and substrate, the mechanisms of these changes and the factors that affect these mechanisms.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ultrasound, Enzyme activation, Free enzyme, Immobilized enzyme

Ultrases İşleminin Enzim Aktivasyonu Üzerine Etkileri

Öz

Ultrases (ultrason) işlemi, özellikle gıda, biyoteknoloji ve biyofarmasötik endüstrileri olmak üzere çeşitli alanlarda kullanılan yeşil ve etkili bir termal olmayan işlem tekniği olarak son yıllarda dikkat çekmektedir. Ultrason işleminin bu endüstrilerde önemli uygulamalara sahip enzimatik reaksiyonlarda etkilerinin belirlenmesi önemlidir. Yoğun ultrason koşulları enzim inaktivasyonuna neden olurken ılımlı ultrason koşullarında (yani düşük yoğunluk ve kısa süre) enzim aktivitesinin arttırılabildiği bildirilmektedir. Ultrason işlemi serbest enzime, substratta ve immobilize enzime uygulanabilir. Ultrasonikasyon işleminin enzim ve substrat yapısı ile enzimatik hidroliz kinetiği ve termodinamik parametreleri üzerine etkileri bulunmaktadır. Bu işlem, moleküllerin yapısını olumlu şekilde değiştirebilir ve böylece enzim aktivitesi ile ürün verimi arttırılabilir. Bu derlemede ultrason işleminin serbest enzim, immobilize enzim ve substrata uygulanması sonucu meydana gelen moleküller yapıdaki ve enzim aktivasyonundaki değişiklikler, bu değişikliklerin mekanizmaları ve bu mekanizmaları etkileyen faktörler ile ilgili bilgiler verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ultrason, Enzim aktivasyonu, Serbest enzim, İmmobilize enzim

Kaynakça

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