AN ANALYSIS OF THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY HISTORIOGRAPHY

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 16, 67 - 87, 30.08.2021

Hazal Papuççular

Öz

In the recent period, the transformations in the world, especially as a result of rising populisms, authoritarianism and the right-wing ideologies, have been popularly discussed by the social scientists. Majority of them agree with the idea that the politics, economics, and societies as well as the sciences are on the eve of new paradigms. In this respect, this article analyzes the new approaches in historiography that emerged or gained popularity in the 21st century. It actually puts forward a paradox. Despite the rise of the aforementioned ideologies, historiography has globalized in the last decade rather than showing the signs of fragmentation, on a level that could not been experienced even in the 1990s as the golden years of globalization debates. As a result, in the 21st century, the number of the academic works on global history and transnational history have been increased. Likewise, these two areas have influenced the most traditional fields in the discipline such as diplomatic history and/or international history. Historians, while keeping on writing the states, societies and the relations between them, also deal with broader concepts and issues transcending the borders. For instance, the fields such as environmental history, history of emotions and neuro-history have gained importance in historiography. This article explains these areas based on the existing literature. It also draws attention to the changing methodology in history writing as a result of the developing technologies. Besides, it analyzes the possible impacts of the post-truth age as well as the Coivd-19 pandemic on historiography. Thus, this study aims to show the transformation and new debates on historiography.

21. YÜZYILDA TARİHYAZIMI VE TARİHÇİLİK ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME

Öz

Popülizm, otoriterleşme ve sağın yükselişiyle dünya siyasetinde gerçekleşen dönüşümler, günümüzde sosyal bilimcilerin en sık tartıştığı meseleler haline gelmiştir. Öyle ki, sosyal bilimcilerin birçoğu dünya siyasetinin, iktisadının, toplumlarının ve dolayısıyla da bunları inceleyen bilimlerin yeni bir paradigmanın eşiğinde olduğu konusunda hem fikir görünmektedir. Buradan hareketle bu makale böylesi bir dönemde ortaya çıkan veya önem kazanan tarihyazımı akımlarını analiz etmektedir. Bu bakımdan, bu çalışma küresel düzen ve tarihyazımı arasındaki bir tezadı da ortaya koymaktadır. Zira, son on yıllık dönemde tarih yazımı, dünyaya damgasını vurmakta olan ideolojilerin aksine, parçalanmadan ziyade 1990’larda dahi görülmeyen bir globalleşme trendi göstermektedir. Küresel tarih (global history) ve ulus-ötesi tarih (transnational history) alanında verilen eserler giderek artarken, bu alanlar uluslararası ilişkiler tarihi (international history) ve/veya diplomasi tarihi (diplomatic history) gibi geleneksel alanları da dönüştürmektedir. Tarihçiler bir taraftan bir devleti, toplumları ya da devletler arasındaki ilişkileri ortaya koymaya devam ederken, diğer taraftan giderek daha fazla araştırmacı daha geniş kavramlarla ve sınırları aşan meselelerle uğraşmaya başlamıştır. Çevre tarihi (environmental history), duygular tarihi (emotional history) ve nöro-tarih (neuro-history) de son dönemde daha çok önem kazanan alanları oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma, tüm bu alanların gelişimini mevcut literatür üzerinden aktarırken aynı zamanda son yıllardaki teknolojideki ilerlemelerle tarihin yönteminde de birtakım değişiklikler olduğunu belirtmektedir. Bu gelişmelerin yanında, gerçek sonrası dönem olarak adlandırılan bu dönemin ve içinde bulunulan Covid-19 pandemisinin tarihyazımına ne derece etki edebileceği analiz edilmektedir. Sonuç olarak bu makale, tarihyazımı literatüründeki dönüşümleri ve yeni tartışmaları ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tarihyazımı, Küresel Tarihi, Çevre Tarihi, Uluslararası İlişkiler Tarihi, Dijital Tarih

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