Kanser Hastalarına Bakım Verenlerin Sosyal Destek Düzeyleri ve Yaşam Kalitesi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hastanesi Kemoterapi Ünitesi’nde tedavi gören kanser hastalarına bakım verenlerin algılanan sosyal destek düzeyleri ve yaşam kalitelerini belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırma verileri Mart-Temmuz 2016 tarihleri arasında Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hastanesi Tıbbi Onkoloji bölümünde tedavi gören kanser hastalarına bakım veren 235 hasta yakınının çalışmaya katılmasıyla toplanmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak; sosyo-demografik özellikler için hasta ve bakım veren tanıtım formu, hasta semptomlarını belirlemek için Edmonton Semptom Tanılama Ölçeği, bakım verenler için Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği ve Kanserli Hastalara Bakım Verenlerde Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışma kapsamına alınan bakım verenlerin orta düzeyde sosyal desteğe sahip oldukları ve en büyük destekçilerinin aileleri olduğu belirlenmiştir. Erkek bakım verenlerin yaşam kalitesinin kadın bakım verenlerden daha iyi olduğu ve aralarındaki farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca, ekonomik düzey azaldıkça bakım verenlerin yaşam kalitesinin de benzer bir şekilde azaldığı saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Kronik ve uzun süreli tedavi gerektiren kanser hastalığı yalnızca hastaları değil, bakım verenleri de etkilemektedir ve bakım verenlerin de güçlendirilmeye ihtiyacı vardır. Bu nedenle bütüncül bakımın gereği olarak kanser hastalarına bakım verenlerin yaşam kalitelerini artırmaya yönelik girişimlerin yapılması gerekmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bakım verenler, Kanser, Sosyal destek, Yaşam kalitesi

Level of Social Support and Quality of Life of Caregivers of Cancer Patients

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the perceived social support levels and quality of life of caregivers of cancer patients who were treated at the Akdeniz University Chemotherapy Unit.Material and Methods: The study data was collected from 235 patients’ caregivers who were diagnosed with cancer at the Akdeniz University Chemotherapy Unit between March and July of 2016. As a data collection tool, the patient and caregiver personal information form was used for socio-demographic features and the Edmonton Symptom Scale for determining patients’ symptoms, while the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale and the Caregiver Quality of Life Index Cancer Scale were used for caregivers. Results: Caregivers included in the study were found to have a moderate level social support and the families were the most important supporter of caregivers. The quality of life of male caregivers was better than that of female caregivers and the difference was statistically significant. Moreover, it was found that the quality of life of caregivers decreased as the economic level decreased. Conclusion: Cancer is a chronic disorder and the required long-term treatment affects not only the patients’ life, but also the caregivers’. Because of holistic care approach, it is necessary to develop new interventions to increase the quality of life of cancer patients caregivers

Keywords

• Caregivers, Cancer, Social support, Quality of life

Kaynakça

1. Lund L, Ross L, Petersen MA., Groenvold M. The interaction between informal cancer caregivers and health care professionals: A survey of caregivers’ experiences of problems and unmet needs. Support Care Cancer 2015; 23:1719-33.
2. Kim Y, Baker F, Spillers RL. Cancer caregivers' quality of life: Effects of gender, relationship, and appraisal J Pain Symptom Manage 2007; 34:294-304.
3. Rivera HR. Depression symptoms in cancer caregivers. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2009; 13:195-202.
4. Meyers FJ, Carducci M, Loscalzo MJ, Linder J, Greasby T, Beckett LA. Effects of a problem-solving intervention (COPE) on quality of life for patients with advanced cancer on clinical trials and their caregivers: simultaneous care educational intervention (SCEI): linking palliation and clinical trials. J Palliat Med 2011; 14:465-73.
5. Langford DJ, Lee K, Miaskowski C. Sleep disturbance interventions in oncology patients and family caregivers: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2012; 16:397-414.
6. Chiou CJ, Chang HY, Chen P, Wong HH. Social support and caregiving circumstances as predictors of caregiver burden in Taiwan. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2009; 48:419- 24.
7. Kahriman F, Zaybak A. Caregiver burden and perceived social support among caregivers of patients with cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:3313-7.
8. Stenberg U, Cvancarova M, Ekstedt M, Olsson M, Ruland C. Family caregivers of cancer patients: Perceived burden and symptoms during the early phases of cancer treatment. Soc Work Health Care 2014; 53:289-309.

9. Deeken JF, Taylor KL, Mangan P, Yabroff KR, Ingham, JM. Care for the caregivers: A review of self-report instruments developed to measure the burden, needs, and quality of life of informal caregivers. J Pain Symptom Manage 2003; 26:922-53.
10. Chen SC, Tsai MC, Liu CL, Yu WP, Liao CT, Chang JTC. Support needs of patients with oral cancer and burden to their family caregivers. Cancer Nurs 2009; 32:473-81.
11. Yıldız E, Dedeli Ö, Pakyüz SÇ. Kanser hastalarına bakım veren aile üyelerinin bakım yükü ve yaşam kalitesinin incelenmesi. Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi 2016; 13:216-25.
12. Johansen S, Cvancarova M, Ruland C. The effect of cancer patients’ and their family caregivers’ physical and emotional symptoms on caregiver burden. Cancer Nurs 2018; 41:91-9.
13. Bruera E, Kuehn N, Miller M. The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS): A simple method for the assessment of palliative care patients. J Palliat Care 1991; 7:6-9.
14. Moro C, Brunelli C, Miccinesi G, Fallai M, Morino P, Piazza M. Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale: Italian validation in two palliative care settings. Support Care Cancer 2006; 14:30-7.
15. Kurt Sadırlı S, Ünsar S. Kanserli hastalarda edmonton semptom tanılama ölçeği (ESTÖ): Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Fırat Sağlık Hizmetleri Dergisi 2009; 11: 79-95.
16. Zimet GD, Dahlem NW, Zimet SG, Farley GK. The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. J Pers Assess 1988; 52:30-41.
17. Eker D, Arkar H, Yaldız H. Çok boyutlu algılanan sosyal destek ölçeği’nin gözden geçirilmiş formunun faktör yapısı, geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2001; 12(1):17-25.
18. Weitzner MA, Jacobsen PB, Wagner H, Friedland J, Cox C. The Caregiver Quality of Life Index-Cancer (CQOLC) Scale: Development and validation of an instrument to measure quality of life of the family caregiver of patients with cancer. Qual Life Res 1999; 8:55-63.
19. Yakar HK, Pinar R. Reliability and validity of Turkish version of the caregiver quality of life index cancer scale. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:4415-9.
20. Bektas HA, Ozer ZC. Reliability and validity of the caregiver quality of life index-cancer (CQOLC) scale in Turkish caregivers. J Clin Nurs 2009;18:3003-12.
21. Arora NK, Finney Rutten LJ, Gustafson DH, Moser R, Hawkins, RP. Perceived helpfulness and impact of social support provided by family, friends, and health care providers to women newly diagnosed with breast cancer. Psychooncology 2007;16:474-86.
22. Kutlutürkan S, Bay F, Sözeri E, Durdu RS. Social support perceived by caregivers of cancer patients. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2012;16:36.
23. Burnette D, Duci V, Dhembo E. Psychological distress, social support, and quality of life among cancer caregivers in Albania. Psychooncology 2017; 26:779-86.
24. Türkoglu N, Kılıç D. Effects of care burdens of caregivers of cancer patients on their quality of life. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:4141-5.
25. Karabuğa-Yakar H, Pınar R. Kanserli hastalara bakım veren aile üyelerinin yaşam kalitesi ve yaşam kalitesini etkileyen faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi 2013;15: 1-16.
26. Wadhwa D, Burman D, Swami N, Rodin G, Lo C, Zimmermann C. Quality of life and mental health in caregivers of outpatients with advanced cancer. Psychooncology 2013; 22:403-10.
27. Krug K, Miksch A, Peters-Klimm F, Engeser P, Szecsenyi J. Correlation between patient quality of life in palliative care and burden of their family caregivers: A prospective observational cohort study. BMC Palliat Care 2016;15:4
28. Lim HA, Tan JY, Chua, J, Yoong, RK, Lim SE, Kua, E H, Mahendran R. Quality of life of family caregivers of cancer patients in Singapore and globally. Singapore Med J 2017; 58:258-61.
29. Awadalla AW, Ohoeri JU, Gholoum A, Khalid AO, Hamad HM, Jacob A. Factors associated with quality of life of outpatients with breast cancer and gynecologic cancer and their family caregivers: A controlled study. BMC Cancer 2007;7:102.
30. Kim Y, Duberstein P R, Sörensen S, Larson MR. Levels of depressive symptoms in spouses of people with lung cancer: Effects of personality, social support, and caregiving burden. Psychosomatics 2005; 46:123-30.
31. Kim Y, van Ryn M, Jensen RE, Griffin JM, Potosky A, Rowland J. Effects of gender and depressive symptoms on quality of life among colorectal and lung cancer patients and their family caregivers. Psychooncology 2015; 24:95- 105.
32. Girgis A, Lambert S, Johnson C, Waller A, Currow D. Physical, psychosocial, relationship, and economic burden of caring for people with cancer: a review. J Oncol Pract 2012; 9:197-202.
33. Emanuel EJ, Fairclough DL, Slutsman J, Emanuel LL.Understanding economic and other burdens of terminal illness: The experience of patients and their caregivers. Ann Intern Med 2000; 21;132(6):451-9.
34. Goren A, Gilloteau I, Lees M, daCosta Di Bonaventura M. Quantifying the burden of informal caregiving for patients with cancer in Europe. Support Care in Cancer 2014;22:1637-46.
35. Eom CS, Shin DW, Kim SY, Yang HK, Jo HS, Kweon SS, Kang YS, Kim JH, Cho BL, Park JH. Impact of perceived social support on the mental health and health‐related quality of life in cancer patients: results from a nationwide, multicenter survey in South. Korea. Psychooncology 2013; 22:1283-90.
36. Delgado-Guay M, Ferrer J, Rieber AG, Rhondali W, Tayjasanant S, Ochoa J, Cantu H, Chisholm G, Williams J, Frisbee-Hume S, Bruera E. Financial distress and its associations with physical and emotional symptoms and quality of life among advanced cancer patients. Oncologist 2015; 20:1092-8.
37. Leow MQ, Chan MF, Chan SW. Predictors of change in quality of life of family caregivers of patients near the end of life with advanced cancer. Cancer Nurs 2014; 37:391- 400.
38. Kuscu MK, Dural U, Onen P, Yaşa Y, Yayla M, Basaran G, Turhal S, Bekiroğlu N. The association between individual attachment patterns, the perceived social support, and the psychological well‐being of Turkish informal caregivers. Psychooncology 2009;18: 927-35.
39. Chambers SK, Girgis A, Occhipinti S, Hutchison S, Turner J, Morris B, Dunn J. Psychological distress and unmet supportive care needs in cancer patients and carers who contact cancer helplines. Eur J Canc Care 2012; 21:213-23.
40. Soleimani M A, Lehto RH, Negarandeh R, Bahrami N, Chan YH. Death anxiety and quality of life in Iranian caregivers of patients with cancer. Cancer Nurs 2017;40: E1-E10.
41. Nightingale C L, Curbow B A, Wingard JR, Pereira DB, Carnaby G D. Burden, quality of life, and social support in caregivers of patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: A pilot study Chronic Illn 2016; 12:236-45.