Yutma ve Kognitif Fonksiyonların İlişkisi

Öz

Kognitif fonksiyonlar; bilgi edinme, saklama ve kullanmayı sağlayan önemli beyin işlevlerindendir. Tüm vücut fonksiyonları gibi yutma fonksiyonunun düzenlenmesi ve ayarlanmasında kognitif fonksiyonlar önemli rol almaktadır. Bu sayede birey, besin ve çevreye ait özellikler algılanıp yordanmakta ve değişen koşullara uyum sağlanarak yutma güvenli şekilde gerçekleştirilmektedir. Özellikle görsel algılama, oryantasyon, dikkat, hafıza ve yürütücü işlevleri içeren temel kognitif fonksiyonlar etkin ve güvenli yutma için gereklidir. Yutma fonksiyonu yutma öncesi faz, oral hazırlık, farengeal ve özofageal faz olarak incelenmektedir. Yutma öncesi faz ve oral hazırlık fazında kognitif fonksiyonlara daha fazla ihtiyaç duyulmakla birlikte tüm yutma sürecinde farklı düzeylerde kognitif fonksiyona ihtiyaç olmaktadır. Kognitif bozuklukların yutma bozukluğu ile ilişkisi kognitif fonksiyonların etkilendiği Alzheimer, demans ve inme gibi durumlarda açıkça görülmektedir. Kognitif fonksiyonlar ile yutma fonksiyonu ilişkisini inceleyen daha fazla çalışmaya ve bu çalışmalar doğrultusunda yutma bozukluğu rehabilitasyonunda yeni yaklaşımlara ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kognitif fonksiyonlar
• Yutma
• Yutma bozuklukları

The Relationship Between Swallowing and Cognitive Functions

Abstract

Cognitive functions are important brain function that enables the acquisition, storage and use of information. Cognitive functions play an important role in the regulation and adjustment of swallowing function, as all body functions. Therefore, the characteristics of the individual, food and environment are percieved and predicted, and swallowing is carried out safely by adapting to changing conditions. In particular, basic cognitive functions including visual perception, orientation, attention, memory and executive functions are necessary for effective and safe swallowing. Swallowing function is examined as pre-swallowing phase, oral preparation, pharyngeal and esophageal phases. Although cognitive functions are primarily needed in the pre-swallowing phase and oral preparation phase, different levels of cognitive function are needed in the whole swallowing process. The relationship between cognitive disorders and swallowing disorders is clearly seen in conditions such as Alzheimer's, dementia and stroke where cognitive functions are affected. There is a need for more studies examining the relationship between cognitive functions and swallowing function, and new approaches in rehabilitation of swallowing disorders in line with these studies.

Keywords

• Cognitive functions
• Swallowing
• Swallowing Disorders

Kaynakça

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