CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACT ON THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE

Öz

Over Earth’s 4.5 billion-year history, the climate system has undergone numerous changes, leaving lasting impacts on both landforms and ecosystems. One of the years in which the effects of climate change were most clearly observed was 2023. Greenhouse gas levels, ocean heat content, and average global sea level reached their highest levels ever, with July 2023 being the hottest month on record. Record-breaking sea ice levels and ice sheets in Antarctica were also observed. Climate change has increased the frequency of extreme weather events, posing serious threats to food and water security, sanitation, energy production, and supply chains. Increasing disasters have forced millions of people to flee their homes. The impacts of these developments on human health are continuously increasing. Climate change negatively impacts many determinants of health, from access to clean air and water to food security. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), climate change is expected to cause approximately 250,000 additional deaths annually between 2030 and 2050, stemming from malnutrition, malaria, diarrhea, and heat stress alone. Therefore, developing comprehensive, public health-based strategies to combat climate change is critical. This review aims to address the impacts of climate change on health and the global disease burden in light of current scientific evidence and to discuss the emerging requirements for health policies. It also aims to assess the impacts of climate change-related health risks on the glo- bal distribution of disease burden.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Climate
• Climate change
• Global Burden of Disease

İklim Değişikliği Ve Küresel Hastalık Yüküne Etkisi

Öz

Dünyanın 4,5 milyar yıllık geçmişinde iklim sistemi birçok kez değişime uğramış, bu da hem yeryüzü şekillerinde hem de ekosistemlerde kalıcı etkiler bırakmıştır. İklim değişikliğinin etkilerinin en net gözlendiği yıllardan biri 2023 yılı olmuştur. Sera gazı seviyeleri, okyanus ısı içeriği ve küresel ortalama deniz seviyesi şimdiye kadarki en yüksek düzeylere ulaşmış; Temmuz 2023, kayıtların tutulduğu en sıcak ay olarak kayda geçmiştir. Antarktika'daki deniz buzu seviyeleri ve buz tabakalarında da rekor düzeyde erime gözlemlenmiştir. İklim değişikliğiyle birlikte aşırı hava olaylarının sıklığı artmış, bu durum gıda ve su güvenliği, sanitasyon, enerji üretimi ve tedarik zincirleri üzerinde ciddi tehditler oluşturmuştur. Artan afetler nedeniyle milyonlarca insan evlerini terk etmek zorunda kalmıştır. Bu gelişmelerin insan sağlığı üzerindeki etkileri giderek artmaktadır. İklim değişikliği, temiz hava ve suya erişimden gıda güvenliğine kadar pek çok sağlık belirleyicisini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ)’ne göre, 2030-2050 yılları arasında iklim değişikliğinin yalnızca yetersiz beslenme, sıtma, ishal ve sıcak stresinden kaynaklı olarak yılda yaklaşık 250.000 ek ölüme yol açması beklenmektedir. Bu nedenle, iklim değişikliğiyle mücadelede halk sağlığı temelli, kapsayıcı stratejilerin gelişti- rilmesi kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu derlemenin amacı, iklim değişikliğinin sağlık ve küresel hastalık yükü üzerindeki etkilerini güncel bilimsel kanıtlar doğrultusunda incelemek ve sağlık politikalarında ortaya çıkan yeni gereksinimleri tartışmaktır. Ayrıca, iklim değişikliğine bağlı sağlık risklerinin küresel hastalık yükünün dağılımına etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İklim
• İklim değişikliği
• Global hastalık yükü

Kaynakça

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