The Effect of Low Back Pain on Quality of Life and Anxiety Levels in Pregnant Women

Abstract

Objective: Maternal low back pain is a potent risk factor for poor health quality. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of Low back pain (LBP) and Pelvic girdle pain (PGP) during pregnancy, and their effects on quality of life. Material and Methods: Between March and August 2018, a total 160 pregnant women, who applied to outpatient clinics of the departments of Gynecology and Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Clinic, were included in this prospective study. Demographic characteristics, obstetric history of the participants, and LBP and PGP status during and before pregnancy were recorded. Severity of pain, functional capacity, Quality of life (QoL), and anxiety depression status were assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (ODQ), World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Short Form (WHOQOL-BREF), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), respectively. Results: The prevalence of LBP and PGP were 73.4% and 28.12%, respectively. Total ODQ and VAS were significantly high in groups with LBP or PGP (p=0.000 and p=0.000, respectively). Of the WHOQOL-BREF subheadings, ‘the general health’ and ‘physical health’ parameters were significantly lower in women with LBP, whereas the ‘social relationship’ parameter was significantly low in those with PGP (p=0.003, p=0.002, and p=0.049, respectively). The increase in anxiety and depression scores was only associated with LBP (p=0.019 and p=0.006, respectively). Conclusion: LBP and PGP during pregnancy adversely affect QoL, leading to functional limitations, depression, and anxiety disorders.

Keywords

• Anxiety
• Low-back pain
• Depression
• Pregnancy
• Visual analogue scale
• Oswestry disability questionnaire

Gebe Kadınlarda Bel Ağrısının Yaşam Kalitesi ve Anksiyete Düzeylerine Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Gebelikte bel ağrısı, kötü sağlık kalitesi için güçlü bir risk faktörüdür. Gebelikte bel ağrısı (GBA) ve Pelvik kuşak ağrısı (PKA) prevalansını, risk faktörlerini ve yaşam kalitesine etkilerini araştırmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Mart ve Ağustos 2018 tarihleri arasında Kadın Hastalıkları ve Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon Kliniği polikliniklerine başvuran 160 hamile kadın bu prospektif çalışmaya dahil edildi. Katılımcıların demografik özellikleri, obstetrik öyküleri ve gebelik sırasında ve öncesinde GBA ve PKA varlığı kaydedildi. Ağrının şiddeti, fonksiyonel kapasite, Yaşam Kalitesi (YK) ve anksiyete ve depresyon durumu görsel analog skala (VAS), Oswestry Engellilik Anketi (ODQ), Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği Kısa Formu (WHOQOL- BREF) ve Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği (HADS) sırasıyla uygulandı. Bulgular: GBA ve PKA prevalansı sırasıyla % 73.4 ve % 28.12 idi. Toplam ODQ ve VAS, GBA veya PKA olan gruplarda anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (sırasıyla p=0.000 ve p=0.000). WHOQOL-BREF alt pozisyonlarından 'genel sağlık' ve 'fiziksel sağlık' parametreleri GBA'lı kadınlarda anlamlı olarak daha düşükken, 'sosyal ilişki' parametresi PKA'lı olanlarda anlamlı olarak daha düşüktü (p=0.003, p=0.002 ve p=0.049). Anksiyete ve depresyon skorlarındaki artış sadece GBA ile ilişkili bulunmuştur (sırasıyla p=0.019 ve p=0.006). Sonuç: Gebelik sırasında GBA ve PKA, yaşam kalitesini olumsuz yönde etkiler ve fonksiyonel sınırlamalara, depresyona ve anksiyete bozukluklarına yol açar.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anksiyete
• Bel ağrısı
• Depresyon
• Gebelik
• Görsel analog skala
• Oswestry engellilik anketi

Kaynakça

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