Yapay Zekâ ve Siyasal İletişim: Fırsatlar ve Riskler Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Öz

Makine öğrenmesi ve yapay zekâ ile birlikte yeni teknolojilerin aracıladığı ile uygulamalarla tanışan toplumların teknoloji ile ilişkisi, bu çerçevedeki gelişmeler ışığında sürekli güncellenmektedir. İnsana özgü yeteneklerin programlanmış, özellikli ve suni şekilde ortaya koyulması, beklentiler gibi kaygıları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Yapay zekâ alanındaki süregelen gelişmeler ve kullanım amaçlarının çeşitlenmesi temelinde bir belirsizlik gözlendiğinden, etik ilkelerin zorunluluğuna da dikkat çekilmektedir. Dolayısıyla yapay zekâ etiğine yönelik artan bir ilgi ve araştırma gözlenmektedir. Bununla birlikte, teknoloji ve siyaset arasındaki ilişki de yapay zekâdan etkilenmekte, yapay zekânın siyasal iletişim alanına girdiği görülmektedir. Özellikle dezenformasyon, sahte içerikler üzerinden demokrasiye yönelik olumsuz etkisi gözlendiği söylenen yapay zekâ teknolojisinin, olumlu ve yapıcı etkilerinden de söz edilmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada, yapay zekânın siyasal iletişime etkisi, getirdiği fırsatlar ve riskler çerçevesinde uzman görüşlerinden de yararlanarak tartışılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında, siyasal iletişim ve yapay zekâ alanında çalışan akademisyen ve uzmanlar ile yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiş, yapay zekânın siyasal iletişim sürecine etkisi ve süreçteki rolü anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla katılımcılara; makine öğrenmesi, yapay zekânın gelişimi ve etkileri, yapay zekâ etiği, toplum ve siyaset ilişkisine teknolojinin etkisi, siyasal iletişim faaliyetlerinde yapay zekâ, yapay zekâ ve demokrasi tartışmaları çerçevesinde sorular yöneltilmiştir. Sonuç olarak siyasal iletişimde yapay zekâ kullanımında şeffaflık, hesap verebilirlik, veri güvenliği ve mahremiyeti ilkelerine azami düzeyde hassasiyet gösterilmesi gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır. Diğer yandan hem teknoloji geliştiricileri hem de kullanıcılarının hukuki ve vicdani sorumluluk duygusuyla hareket etmesi öngörülmektedir. Siyasal iletişim faaliyetlerinde yapay zekâ kullanımında mutlaka yazılımsal, hukuki ve etik sınırlar oluşturulmalı ve sınırsızlığın etik kodlara riayet edilmesini imkânsız hale getireceği unutulmamalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Makine Öğrenmesi
• Yapay Zekâ
• Siyasal İletişim

Destekleyen Kurum

Yoktur

Etik Beyan

Çalışma akademik etik kuralları çerçevesinde yapılmıştır. Etik kurul onay belgesi gerektirecek bir çalışma değildir.

Teşekkür

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Artificial Intelligence and Political Communication: An Assessment of Opportunities and Risks

Öz

The relationship between technology and politics is affected by artificial intelligence, and it is observed that artificial intelligence is included in the field of political communication. The positive and constructive effects of artificial intelligence technology, which is said to have a negative impact on democracy, especially through disinformation and fake content, are also mentioned. Therefore, in this study, the impact of artificial intelligence on political communication is discussed within the framework of the opportunities and risks it brings by using expert opinions. Within the scope of the study, structured interviews were conducted with academicians and experts who work in the field of political communication and artificial intelligence, the impact and the role of artificial intelligence on the process of political communication were intended to be understood. To this end, questions about machine learning and the development of artificial intelligence and its impacts, the ethics of artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence in political communication activities, discussion about artificial intelligence and democracy were asked to participants. Consequently, it is emphasized that in political communication maximum sensitivity is required for the principals of transparency, accountability, data security and confidentiality in the use of artificial intelligence. On the other hand, it is anticipated that both technology developers and its users act with a sense of legal and conscientious responsibility. In the political communication activities, software, legal and ethical boundaries must be certainly shaped for the use of artificial intelligence and it must be remembered that limitlessness makes impossible to respect the code of ethics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Machine Learning
• Artificial Intelligence
• Political Communication

Kaynakça

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