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4B Hareketi ve Feminizmin Durumu: Haberler Bize Ne Anlatıyor?

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 49, 219 - 240, 31.08.2025

Öz

4B Hareketi, Güney Kore’de 2016 yılında meydana gelen ve bir kadının metro istasyonunda bir erkek tarafından öldürülmesinin ardından yükselen bir kadın hareketi olarak bilinmektedir. Kore’de özellikle 1990’lı yılların sonlarında yaşanan ve Kore toplumunu sadece ekonomik olarak değil, sosyolojik olarak da derinden etkileyen Asya Krizi sonrasında, kadınlar kendilerini toplum dışına itilmiş ve erkeklere göre ekonomik ve toplumsal hayatta daha az fırsata sahip olarak hissetmiş, bu da çeşitli kadın hareketi topluluklarının doğmasına sebep olmuştur. 4B Hareketi de dahil olmak üzere, ağırlıklı olarak çevrimdışı niteliğe sahip bu hareketler Kore kadınına talep ettiği birtakım hakları kazandırmıştır. Ne var ki, bu hak kazanımları sınırlı düzeyde kalmıştır ve toplumda cinsiyet ayrımına dayanan bazı kurumsal düzenlemeler günümüzde bile halen devam etmektedir. ABD başkanlık seçimleri döneminde Donald Trump’ın seçim kampanyası sırasında başta rakip aday Kamala Harris olmak üzere kadınlar hakkında sarf ettiği sözler, 4B Hareketi’nin ABD’deki bazı kadın seçmenler tarafından dijital ortama taşınmasına sebep olmuştur. Bu çalışma, 4B Hareketi ve feminizmin günümüzde geldiği noktadan yola çıkarak, ana akım ve alternatif medyadan konu üzerine yapılmış 13 haberi haber çerçeveleme yöntemi ile incelemektedir. Haber çerçevelerinin, bireylerin düşünce, tutum ve davranışını etkileme potansiyeli dikkate alınarak, 4B Hareketi ve günümüz feminizminin, belirli çerçeveler ile nasıl yeniden şekillendirilerek sunulduğu ve bunların neden tercih edildiğini ortaya koymak, bu çalışmanın temel amacıdır. Elde edilen sonuçlar feminist düşüncenin radikal bir dönüşümden geçtiği ve kadınların günümüz feminist kavramlarını benimseyerek geçmişe göre daha bireysel ve daha kapsayıcı davranmayı tercih ettiklerini göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Ashique, S., Kaur, N., & Mahenthiran, T. (2024). A Historical Analysis of Western Feminism. (Un) Disturbed: A Journal of Feminist Voices, 1(1), 1-6.
  • Bryson, V. (2016). Western Feminism in the Twenty-First Century: Continuities, Challenges and Change Feminist Political Theory. Palgrave.
  • Butler, J. (2013). For White Girls Only? Postfeminism and the Politics of Inclusion. Feminist Formations, 25(1), 35-58.
  • Cagna, P., & Rao, N. (2016). Feminist Mobilisation for Policy Change on Violence Against Women: Insights from Asia. Gender& Development, 24(2), 277-290.
  • Casalini, B. (2017). A Materialist Analysis of Contemporary Feminist Movements. Anthropological Theory, 17(4), 497-517.
  • Cho, J. (2018). Contemporary Body Practices in South Korea: Subjection and Agency in Late Modernity. ASIEN, 147, 11-37.
  • David, M. (2018). Feminista? A Feminist Manifesto for the 21st Century. Social Sciences, 7(6), 1-14.
  • Day, K., & Wray, R. (2018). Fourth-wave feminism and postfeminism: Successes and Failures. Transform: A Journal of the Radical Left, 4, 113-137.
  • Dean, J., & Aune, K. (2015). Feminism Resurgent? Mapping contemporary Feminist Activisms in Europe. Social Movement Studies Journal of Social, Cultural and Political Protest, 14(4), 375-395.
  • Dhale, G. N. (2019). Feminist Movements in 21st Century: An Overview. Think India Journal, 22(38), 43-46.
  • Evans, E., & Chamberlain, P. (2015). Critical Waves Exploring Feminist Identity, Discourse and Praxis in Western Feminism. Social Movement Studies, 14(4), 396-409.
  • Gogoi, P. (2023). New Trends of Feminist Movement in 21st Century. History Research Journal, 29(6), 164-169.
  • Han, J. (2022). The Issue of Gender Sensitivity and Youth Feminism in South Korea. Lingua Humanitatis, 24(2), 199-237.
  • Han, J. H. J., & Chun, J. J. (2014). Gender and Politics in Contemporary Korea. The Journal of Korean Studies, 19(2), 245-255.
  • Ignaczak, A. (2023). Numerous faces of feminism and their meaning in contemporary South Korea through the lens of the country’s young adults [Yüksek Lisans].
  • Kim, D. (2021). The Role of Gender in the 21st Century of South Korea [Yüksek Lisans].
  • Lee, J., & Jeong, E. (2021). The 4B Movement: Envisioning a feminist future with/in a non-reproductive future in Korea. Journal of Gender Studies, 30(5), 633-644.
  • Lind, R. A., & Salo, C. (2022). The Framing of Feminists and Feminism in News and Public Affairs Programs in U.S. Electronic Media. Journal of Communication, 52(1), 211-228.
  • Linström, M., & Marais, W. (2012). Qualitative News Frame Analysis: A Methodology. Communitas, 17, 21-38.
  • Loh, J., Johns, R., & English, R. (2024). Can 21st Century Women Have the Best of Both Worlds? Reality or Dream? Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal, 19(4), 309-329.
  • Mahmoudi, H. (2024). Introduction. İçinde Women and Inequality in a Changing World Exploring New Paradigms for Peace (ss. 1-13). Routledge.
  • Mama, A. (2019). African Feminist Thought. İçinde Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History (ss. 1-29). Oxford University Press.
  • Mosiienko, O. V. (2024). A Rhetorical Aspect of Translating English News Headlines into Ukranian. Науковий вісник Міжнародного гуманітарного університету. Серія: Філологія, 65, 262-265.
  • Munro, E. (2013). Feminism: A Fourth Wave? Political Insight, 4(2), 22-25.
  • Nam, J. M. (2023). Feminism, Love, and Ambition: Young Women Who Live Without Men in Contemporary South Korea [Yüksek Lisans].
  • Ochman, M., Correa, I., Ibarra, M., & Rangel, A. (2023). Framing women’s indignation: News coverage on women’s mobilization in Mexico, 2019-2021. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 40(2-3), 92-107.
  • Sohn, H.-J. (2024). Feminist Reboot Neoliberalism, Korean Movies, Misogyny, and Beyond. İçinde Mediating Gender in Post-Authoritarian South Korea (ss. 29-46). University of Michigan Press.
  • Swirsky, J., & Angelone, D. J. (2016). Equality, Empowerment and Choice: What Does Feminism Mean to Contemporary Women? Journal of Gender Studies, 25(4), 445-460.
  • Walter, D., & Ophir, Y. (2019). News Frame Analysis: An Inductive Mixed-Method Computational Approach. Communication Methods and Measures, 13(4), 248-266.
  • Zhao, P., & Silberstein, S. (2022). Not Waves but Ripples: Re-worlding and Counter-Worlding of Intergenerational Feminism. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 35(10), 1052-1066.

4B Movement and Today’s Feminism: What do the News Tell Us?

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 49, 219 - 240, 31.08.2025

Öz

The 4B Movement is a women's movement that emerged in South Korea after the 2016 murder of a woman by a man at a subway station. In Korea, especially after the Asian Crisis in the late 1990s, women felt marginalized and had fewer opportunities in economic and social life than men, which led to the emergence of various women's movement communities. These predominantly offline movements, including the 4B Movement, have given Korean women some of the rights they demanded. Based on the current state of the 4B Movement and feminism today, this study analyzes 13 news reports on the subject from mainstream and alternative media using the news framing method. Considering the potential of news frames to influence individuals' thoughts, attitudes and behaviors, the main purpose of this study is to reveal how the 4B Movement and contemporary feminism are reshaped and presented with certain frames, and why they are preferred. The frames used were based on Linström and Marais (2012)'s assumption of establishing the relationship between news content and the real world, Ochman (2023)'s framing approach to understand how media frames shape audience opinions, and Walter and Ophir (2019)'s idea that the selective presentation of information can affect attitudes, behaviors, beliefs and decisions were taken as a news framing approach. The results show that feminist thought has undergone a radical transformation, and that women prefer to act more individually and more inclusively than in the past by adopting contemporary feminist concepts.

Kaynakça

  • Ashique, S., Kaur, N., & Mahenthiran, T. (2024). A Historical Analysis of Western Feminism. (Un) Disturbed: A Journal of Feminist Voices, 1(1), 1-6.
  • Bryson, V. (2016). Western Feminism in the Twenty-First Century: Continuities, Challenges and Change Feminist Political Theory. Palgrave.
  • Butler, J. (2013). For White Girls Only? Postfeminism and the Politics of Inclusion. Feminist Formations, 25(1), 35-58.
  • Cagna, P., & Rao, N. (2016). Feminist Mobilisation for Policy Change on Violence Against Women: Insights from Asia. Gender& Development, 24(2), 277-290.
  • Casalini, B. (2017). A Materialist Analysis of Contemporary Feminist Movements. Anthropological Theory, 17(4), 497-517.
  • Cho, J. (2018). Contemporary Body Practices in South Korea: Subjection and Agency in Late Modernity. ASIEN, 147, 11-37.
  • David, M. (2018). Feminista? A Feminist Manifesto for the 21st Century. Social Sciences, 7(6), 1-14.
  • Day, K., & Wray, R. (2018). Fourth-wave feminism and postfeminism: Successes and Failures. Transform: A Journal of the Radical Left, 4, 113-137.
  • Dean, J., & Aune, K. (2015). Feminism Resurgent? Mapping contemporary Feminist Activisms in Europe. Social Movement Studies Journal of Social, Cultural and Political Protest, 14(4), 375-395.
  • Dhale, G. N. (2019). Feminist Movements in 21st Century: An Overview. Think India Journal, 22(38), 43-46.
  • Evans, E., & Chamberlain, P. (2015). Critical Waves Exploring Feminist Identity, Discourse and Praxis in Western Feminism. Social Movement Studies, 14(4), 396-409.
  • Gogoi, P. (2023). New Trends of Feminist Movement in 21st Century. History Research Journal, 29(6), 164-169.
  • Han, J. (2022). The Issue of Gender Sensitivity and Youth Feminism in South Korea. Lingua Humanitatis, 24(2), 199-237.
  • Han, J. H. J., & Chun, J. J. (2014). Gender and Politics in Contemporary Korea. The Journal of Korean Studies, 19(2), 245-255.
  • Ignaczak, A. (2023). Numerous faces of feminism and their meaning in contemporary South Korea through the lens of the country’s young adults [Yüksek Lisans].
  • Kim, D. (2021). The Role of Gender in the 21st Century of South Korea [Yüksek Lisans].
  • Lee, J., & Jeong, E. (2021). The 4B Movement: Envisioning a feminist future with/in a non-reproductive future in Korea. Journal of Gender Studies, 30(5), 633-644.
  • Lind, R. A., & Salo, C. (2022). The Framing of Feminists and Feminism in News and Public Affairs Programs in U.S. Electronic Media. Journal of Communication, 52(1), 211-228.
  • Linström, M., & Marais, W. (2012). Qualitative News Frame Analysis: A Methodology. Communitas, 17, 21-38.
  • Loh, J., Johns, R., & English, R. (2024). Can 21st Century Women Have the Best of Both Worlds? Reality or Dream? Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal, 19(4), 309-329.
  • Mahmoudi, H. (2024). Introduction. İçinde Women and Inequality in a Changing World Exploring New Paradigms for Peace (ss. 1-13). Routledge.
  • Mama, A. (2019). African Feminist Thought. İçinde Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History (ss. 1-29). Oxford University Press.
  • Mosiienko, O. V. (2024). A Rhetorical Aspect of Translating English News Headlines into Ukranian. Науковий вісник Міжнародного гуманітарного університету. Серія: Філологія, 65, 262-265.
  • Munro, E. (2013). Feminism: A Fourth Wave? Political Insight, 4(2), 22-25.
  • Nam, J. M. (2023). Feminism, Love, and Ambition: Young Women Who Live Without Men in Contemporary South Korea [Yüksek Lisans].
  • Ochman, M., Correa, I., Ibarra, M., & Rangel, A. (2023). Framing women’s indignation: News coverage on women’s mobilization in Mexico, 2019-2021. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 40(2-3), 92-107.
  • Sohn, H.-J. (2024). Feminist Reboot Neoliberalism, Korean Movies, Misogyny, and Beyond. İçinde Mediating Gender in Post-Authoritarian South Korea (ss. 29-46). University of Michigan Press.
  • Swirsky, J., & Angelone, D. J. (2016). Equality, Empowerment and Choice: What Does Feminism Mean to Contemporary Women? Journal of Gender Studies, 25(4), 445-460.
  • Walter, D., & Ophir, Y. (2019). News Frame Analysis: An Inductive Mixed-Method Computational Approach. Communication Methods and Measures, 13(4), 248-266.
  • Zhao, P., & Silberstein, S. (2022). Not Waves but Ripples: Re-worlding and Counter-Worlding of Intergenerational Feminism. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 35(10), 1052-1066.
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Çiğdem Erdal 0000-0003-3253-6515

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Ocak 2025
Kabul Tarihi 16 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Sayı: 49

Kaynak Göster

APA Erdal, Ç. (2025). 4B Hareketi ve Feminizmin Durumu: Haberler Bize Ne Anlatıyor? Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi(49), 219-240. https://doi.org/10.31123/akil.1629534

3328033281
Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-Gayriticari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.