Araştırma Makalesi
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Yoruma Açık Göstergebilim: ‘Cracker’ TV Draması Örneği

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 50, 177 - 194
https://doi.org/10.31123/akil.1628545

Öz

Anlam evreninin çözümlenmesini amaçlayan göstergebilim, gösterge anlamlarının eşsüremsel bir incelemesidir. Anlamların üretimi ve değişimi bağlamındaki medya kuramında bir ikilem söz konusudur. Göstergebilim, toplumca bilinen düzgülerin gereğinden mi, yoksa evrensel olarak anlaşılma gereğiyle mi doğduğu tartışılmıştır. Bir metnin aynı anda yaratacağı işlevleri kabul etmeyen, izleyici ve izleyicinin belli bir bağlamda katılımını hesaba katmayan göstergebilim bütünlükten uzaktır. Saussure ya da Peirce dışındaki göstergebilim yaklaşımına ‘yoruma açık’ ya da ‘sorgulayıcı’ göstergebilim denilmektedir. Bu yaklaşımda, göstergelerin bize dünyayı bildiğimiz biçimiyle değil de, yeni bir biçimde sunduğu düşüncesi benimsenir. Bildiğimiz biçimiyle karşımıza getirilen bir şeyin ne olduğunu ve nasıl sunulduğunu ayırt edebiliriz.Bu çalışmada 20. yüzyılda çok yönlü bir şekilde sürdürülmüş olan tartışmalar bağlamında Saussure’den Bakhtin’e televizyon dramalarında göstergebilim yoruma açık olarak irdelenecek, bu bilime büyük katkıları olan birçok çağdaş filozof ve bilim insanının göstergebilim adına yaptığı çalışmalara değinilecektir. Bu bağlamda İngiliz suç drama dizisi Cracker örneği ele alınacaktır. Sonuç olarak, Bir televizyon dramasının yayınlandığı an ve ekinsel bir değişim anındaki konumuyla, toplumsal anlamı o oyunun bir anlam yaratmasında son derece önemlidir. Göstergeler nerede ve ne zaman kullanıldıklarına göre anlamlarını da değiştirebilir. Bir televizyon dramasında düzgü kullanımı, o oyun aracılığıyla kendi kapsamında kullanılışıyla ve toplumsal diyalogdaki etkisiyle kabul edilmelidir.

Kaynakça

  • Althusser, L. (1971). Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays. Monthly Review Press.
  • Allen, R., & Turvey, M. (Eds.). (2006). Wittgenstein, theory and the arts. London: Routledge.
  • Bakhtin, M. M. (1986). Speech genres and other late essays. University of Texas Press.
  • Barthes, R. (1977). Critical Essays. Northwestern University Press.
  • Butler, J. (1992). The body politics of Julia Kristeva. Revaluing French Feminism, 162-76.
  • Day-Lewis, S. (1998). Talk of drama: views of the television dramatist now and then. Indiana University Press.
  • Eco, U. (1996). Yorum ve Aşırı Yorum (Çev: Kemal Atakay). İstanbul: Can Yayınları
  • De Saussure, F. (2004). Course in general linguistics Literary theory: An anthology. 2, 59–71.
  • Gorlée, D. L. (2012). Wittgenstein in Translation. DE GRUYTER. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781614511137
  • Gorlée, D. L. (2022). Semiotics and the problem of translation: With special reference to the semiotics of Charles S. Peirce (Vol. 12). Brill.
  • Harris, R. (1996). Signs, language, and communication: Integrational and segregational approaches. Psychology Press.
  • Holquist, M. (2003). Dialogism: Bakhtin and his world. London:Routledge.
  • Jensen, K. B., & Rosengren, K. E. (1990). Five traditions in search of the audience. European journal of communication, 5(2), 207-238.
  • Jones, A. R. (1984). Julia Kristeva on femininity: The limits of a semiotic politics. Feminist Review, 18(1), 56-73.
  • Jensen, K. B. (1997). The social semiotics of mass communication.
  • Kristeva, J. (2002). The portable kristeva. columbia university press.
  • Kristeva, J. (2024). Revolution in poetic language. Columbia University Press.
  • Lapsley, R. (2024). Film theory: An introduction. Manchester University Press.
  • Lauretis, T. D. (1991). Semiotics, theory, and social practice. Explorations in Film Theory: Selected Essays from Ciné-Tracts.
  • Mandelker, A. (1995). Bakhtin in contexts: Across the disciplines. USA: Northwestern University Press. Northwestern University Press.
  • Merrell, F. (2008). Is the semiosic sphere’s center everywhere and its circumference nowhere? Semiotica, 2008(169). https://doi.org/10.1515/SEM.2008.038
  • Moi, T. (1995). The Kristeva Reader: Julia Kristeva.
  • Morson, G. S., & Dalton, E. (1982). Literary, Theory, Psychoanalysis, and the Creative Process (Vol. 3). https://doi.org/10.2307/1772070
  • Muller, J. P. (2000). Peirce, Semiotics, and Psychoanalysis. In Johns Hopkins University Press. Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Nöth, W. (2016). Semiotics of the media: State of the art, projects, and perspectives. Mouton de Gruyter.
  • Pavis, P. (1980). The semiotics of theatre. Critical Arts, 1(3), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/02560046.1980.10409576
  • Pechey, G. (2007). Mikhail Bakhtin: The word in the world. Routledge.
  • Saussure, Ferdinand de, Writings In General Linguistics (Oxford, 2006; online edn, Oxford Academic, 31 Oct. 2023), https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199261444.001.0001, accessed 1 Apr. 2025.
  • Stam, R. (1989). Subversive pleasures. Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Thibault, P. J. (2007). Writing, graphology and visual semiosis. New Directions in the Analysis of Multimodal Discours, 111–145.
  • Tomaselli, K. (2022). Semiotics, semiology and film. Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa, 2(1), 42–61. https://doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v2i1.2190
  • Ophir, A. (1988). Michel Foucault and the Semiotics of the Phenomenal. Dialogue. 27 (3): 387-415. doi: 10.1017/S0012217300019971
  • Volosinov, V. N. (1973). Marxism and the Philosophy of Language. Harvard University Press.
  • Williams, R. (2013). Raymond Williams on Television (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203124932
  • URL 1 - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0105977/; Erişim: 12 Nisan 2025.
  • URL 2 - https://www.denofgeek.com/tv/cracker-the-drama-that-taught-hbo-everything-it-knows/; 12 Nisan 2025.
  • URL 3 - https://eksisozluk.com/cracker--31952?p=4; Erişim: 12 Nisan 2025.

Semiotics Open to Interpretation: The Example of the 'Cracker' TV Drama

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 50, 177 - 194
https://doi.org/10.31123/akil.1628545

Öz

Semiotics, which aims to analyze the universe of meaning, is a synchronic examination of sign meanings. In media theory within the context of meaning production and transformation, a dilemma arises. It has always been debated whether semiotics originates from the necessity of socially accepted norms or from the requirement of universal comprehension. A semiotic approach that does not acknowledge the multiple functions a text can create simultaneously, or that does not consider the participation of the audience within a specific context, lacks coherence. Semiotic approaches other than those of Saussure or Peirce are referred to as "interpretative" or "inquisitive" semiotics. This approach embraces the idea that signs do not present the world to us as we already know it but instead introduce it in a new way. In this study, the semiotic approach will be discussed with a critical perspective in the context of the multi-faceted debates that took place throughout the 20th century. The contributions of numerous contemporary philosophers and scholars who have significantly advanced the field of semiotics will also be addressed. The study will examine the meaning-making methods of TV dramas, taking the British crime drama Cracker as a case study. The selection of Cracker is based on the premise that it represents an intriguing and complex text at a time when TV dramas were relatively limited. It is considered significant due to its realistic portrayal of naturalism and its foundational influence on subsequent TV series. Analyzed through dialogic analysis, the Cracker TV drama demonstrates how meanings can change, particularly in social phenomena, depending on where and when signs are used—both at the time of its broadcast and during a moment of cultural transformation. The use of norms in a television drama should be understood through their role within the narrative and their impact on social dialogue.

Kaynakça

  • Althusser, L. (1971). Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays. Monthly Review Press.
  • Allen, R., & Turvey, M. (Eds.). (2006). Wittgenstein, theory and the arts. London: Routledge.
  • Bakhtin, M. M. (1986). Speech genres and other late essays. University of Texas Press.
  • Barthes, R. (1977). Critical Essays. Northwestern University Press.
  • Butler, J. (1992). The body politics of Julia Kristeva. Revaluing French Feminism, 162-76.
  • Day-Lewis, S. (1998). Talk of drama: views of the television dramatist now and then. Indiana University Press.
  • Eco, U. (1996). Yorum ve Aşırı Yorum (Çev: Kemal Atakay). İstanbul: Can Yayınları
  • De Saussure, F. (2004). Course in general linguistics Literary theory: An anthology. 2, 59–71.
  • Gorlée, D. L. (2012). Wittgenstein in Translation. DE GRUYTER. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781614511137
  • Gorlée, D. L. (2022). Semiotics and the problem of translation: With special reference to the semiotics of Charles S. Peirce (Vol. 12). Brill.
  • Harris, R. (1996). Signs, language, and communication: Integrational and segregational approaches. Psychology Press.
  • Holquist, M. (2003). Dialogism: Bakhtin and his world. London:Routledge.
  • Jensen, K. B., & Rosengren, K. E. (1990). Five traditions in search of the audience. European journal of communication, 5(2), 207-238.
  • Jones, A. R. (1984). Julia Kristeva on femininity: The limits of a semiotic politics. Feminist Review, 18(1), 56-73.
  • Jensen, K. B. (1997). The social semiotics of mass communication.
  • Kristeva, J. (2002). The portable kristeva. columbia university press.
  • Kristeva, J. (2024). Revolution in poetic language. Columbia University Press.
  • Lapsley, R. (2024). Film theory: An introduction. Manchester University Press.
  • Lauretis, T. D. (1991). Semiotics, theory, and social practice. Explorations in Film Theory: Selected Essays from Ciné-Tracts.
  • Mandelker, A. (1995). Bakhtin in contexts: Across the disciplines. USA: Northwestern University Press. Northwestern University Press.
  • Merrell, F. (2008). Is the semiosic sphere’s center everywhere and its circumference nowhere? Semiotica, 2008(169). https://doi.org/10.1515/SEM.2008.038
  • Moi, T. (1995). The Kristeva Reader: Julia Kristeva.
  • Morson, G. S., & Dalton, E. (1982). Literary, Theory, Psychoanalysis, and the Creative Process (Vol. 3). https://doi.org/10.2307/1772070
  • Muller, J. P. (2000). Peirce, Semiotics, and Psychoanalysis. In Johns Hopkins University Press. Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Nöth, W. (2016). Semiotics of the media: State of the art, projects, and perspectives. Mouton de Gruyter.
  • Pavis, P. (1980). The semiotics of theatre. Critical Arts, 1(3), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/02560046.1980.10409576
  • Pechey, G. (2007). Mikhail Bakhtin: The word in the world. Routledge.
  • Saussure, Ferdinand de, Writings In General Linguistics (Oxford, 2006; online edn, Oxford Academic, 31 Oct. 2023), https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199261444.001.0001, accessed 1 Apr. 2025.
  • Stam, R. (1989). Subversive pleasures. Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Thibault, P. J. (2007). Writing, graphology and visual semiosis. New Directions in the Analysis of Multimodal Discours, 111–145.
  • Tomaselli, K. (2022). Semiotics, semiology and film. Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa, 2(1), 42–61. https://doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v2i1.2190
  • Ophir, A. (1988). Michel Foucault and the Semiotics of the Phenomenal. Dialogue. 27 (3): 387-415. doi: 10.1017/S0012217300019971
  • Volosinov, V. N. (1973). Marxism and the Philosophy of Language. Harvard University Press.
  • Williams, R. (2013). Raymond Williams on Television (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203124932
  • URL 1 - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0105977/; Erişim: 12 Nisan 2025.
  • URL 2 - https://www.denofgeek.com/tv/cracker-the-drama-that-taught-hbo-everything-it-knows/; 12 Nisan 2025.
  • URL 3 - https://eksisozluk.com/cracker--31952?p=4; Erişim: 12 Nisan 2025.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Radyo-Televizyon
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Gizem Candan 0000-0002-5424-4903

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 23 Eylül 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 11 Ekim 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Ocak 2025
Kabul Tarihi 11 Nisan 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Sayı: 50

Kaynak Göster

APA Candan, G. (2025). Semiotics Open to Interpretation: The Example of the ’Cracker’ TV Drama. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi(50), 177-194. https://doi.org/10.31123/akil.1628545

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Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-Gayriticari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.