Evaluation of Ligustrum vulgare (Privet) Fruits and Leaves Regarding in vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity, Total Phenolic, Macro- and Micro-minerals

Yıl 2024, , 1028 - 1035, 01.10.2024

Hatice Feyza Akbulut

https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1467397

Öz

Ligustrum (Oleaceae) has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine in Europe and Asia. An infusion produced from the leaves of several Ligustrum species has traditionally been used in folk medicine against oropharyngeal inflammation, hypertension, headache or diabetes. This study was conducted to evaluate the total phenolic, macro and micromineral distributions and in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial potentials of methanol extracts of Ligustrum vulgare fruits and leaves. For this purpose, total phenolic content in Ligustrum vulgare fruit and leaf extracts was determined by spectrophotometer, macro- and micro-mineral contents were determined by ICP-AES, and in vitro antioxidant capacity in the extracts was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl analysis (DPPH analysis). Antimicrobial potential of Ligustrum vulgare fruit extracts against Listeria innocua, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus carnosus, Bacillus cereus and Enterococcus faecalis Gram-positive and Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria using disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. was evaluated. Among the macro-minerals, potassium (K) and micro-minerals, iron (Fe), were found in the highest amount in Ligustrum vulgare fruit. DPPH radical scavenging capacity in methanol extracts of Ligustrum vulgare leaves was found to be higher than in fruits. Although Ligustrum vulgare fruit methanol extract had no inhibitory effect on the Gram-negative bacteria tested, it exhibited strong inhibition on the Gram-positive bacteria Listeria innocua and Listeria monocytogenes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ligustrum vulgare, Antioxidant capacity, Antibacterial activity, Total Phenolics, Minerals, Privet

Ligustrum vulgare (Kurtbağrı) Meyve ve Yapraklarının in vitro Antioksidan ve Antibakteriyel Aktivite, Toplam Fenolik, Makro- ve Mikro-mineraller Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Ligustrum (Oleaceae) Avrupa ve Asya'da geleneksel Çin tıbbında uzun bir kullanım geçmişine sahiptir. Birkaç Ligustrum türünün yapraklarından üretilen bir infüzyon, geleneksel olarak halk hekimliğinde orofaringeal inflamasyona, hipertansiyona, baş ağrısına veya diyabete karşı kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışma, Ligustrum vulgare meyve ve yapraklarının metanol ekstraktlarının toplam fenolik, makro ve mikromineral dağılımları ve in vitro antioksidan ve antibakteriyel potansiyellerini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla, Ligustrum vulgare meyve ve yaprak ekstraktlarında spektrofotometre ile toplam fenolik içerik, ICP-AES ile makro- ve mikro-mineral içerikleri, ekstraktlardaki in vitro antioksidan kapasite ise 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil analizi (DPPH analizi) ile belirlendi. Ligustrum vulgare meyve ekstraktlarının Listeria innocua, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus carnosus, Bacillus cereus ve Enterococcus faecalis Gram-pozitif ve Escherichia coli ve Klebsiella pneumoniae Gram-negatif patojen bakterilere karşı antimikrobiyal potansiyeli, disk difüzyon ve minimum inhibitör konsantrasyon (MIC) yöntemleri kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Ligustrum vulgare meyvesinde tespit edilen makro-mineralerden potasyum ve mikro-minerallerden demir en yüksek miktarda bulunmuştur. Ligustrum vulgare yaprağının metanol ekstraktlarında DPPH radikal süpürme kapasitesi meyvelerdekine göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Ligustrum vulgare meyvesi metanol ekstraktının test edilen gram negatif bakteriler üzerinde hiçbir engelleyici etkiye sahip olmasa da gram pozitif bakterilerden Listeria innocua, Listeria monocytogenes üzerinde güçlü bir engelleme sergilemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ligustrum vulgare, Kurtbağrı, Antioksidan kapasite, Antibakteriyel aktivite, Toplam Fenolik, Mineraller

Etik Beyan

Yazar tüm etik standartlara uyduğunu beyan eder

Teşekkür

Bu çalışmanın makale halinin kontrolünde önerileri ile desteklerini esirgemeyen Prof. Dr. Mehmet Akbulut’a teşekkür ederiz

Kaynakça

• Akbulut, H.F. and Akbulut, M., 2023. Mineral composition, the profile of phenolic compounds, organic acids, sugar and in vitro antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial activity of organic extracts of Juniperus drupacea fruits. Food Science & Nutrition, 11, 6435–6446. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3586
• Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M.-E., Berset, C., 1995. Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 28, 25–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0023-6438(95)80008-5
• Cazin, F.J., 1997. Traité pratique & raisonné des plantes médicinales indigènes, 3ème édition revue et augmentée, Ed. Jalons des Savoirs, pp. 1308.
• Curcic, M., Stankovic, M., Cvetkovic, D., Topuzovic, M. and Markovic, S., 2014. Ligustrum vulgare L.: In vitro free radical scavenging activity and pro-oxidant properties in human colon cancer cell lines. Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures, 9, 1689-1697.
• Deng, J.H. and Zou, S.L., 2007. Observation on TCM treatment of 32 cases of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, 21(2), 89-90.
• Dhiman, R., Aggarwal, N.K., Aneja, K.R. and Kaur, M., 2021. In vitro antimicrobial activity and phytochemical studies of Terminalia chebula against the microbes isolated from fruit juices. Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, 2021, 243-247. https://doi.org/10.15414/jmbfs.2015/16.5.3.243-247
• Duan, S.C., Kwon, S.J. and Eom, S.H., 2021. Effect of thermal processing on color, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) leaves and seeds. Antioxidants, 10(8), 1207. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081207
• Gokkus, A., Parlak, A.O. and Parlak, M., 2011. Change of mineral element content in the common shrubs of Mediterranean zone. I. Macronutrients. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 98(4), 357–366.
• Hammermann, A.F., Damirov, J.A. and Sokolov, W.S., 1971. Einige Aussichtsreiche Pflanzen der Volksmedizin von Azerbajdschan. Planta Medica 20, 374–380. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1099719
• İspirli, H., Demirbaş, F. and Dertli, E., 2017. Characterization of functional properties of Enterococcus spp. isolated from Turkish white cheese. LWT-Food Science and Technology 75, 358-365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2016.09.010
• Jantová, S., Nagy, M., Ruz̆eková, Ĺ. and Grancai, D., 2000. Antibacterial activity of plant extracts from the families Fabaceae, Oleaceae, Philadelphaceae, Rosaceae and Staphyleaceae. Phytotherapy Research, 14(8), 601-603. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1573(200012)14:8<601::AID-PTR771>3.0.CO;2-B
• Kiss, A.K., Mańk, M. and Melzig, M.F., 2008. Dual inhibition of metallopeptidases ACE and NEP by extracts, and iridoids from Ligustrum vulgare L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 120(2), 220-225.
• Lemery, N., Dictionaire ou traité universel des drogues simples, Jean Hofhout, Rotterdam 1716, 228-229
• López-Muñoz, F., Álamo, C. and García-García, P., 2006. The herbs that have the property of healing…,”: The phytotherapy in Don Quixote. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 106(3), 429-441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.03.020
• Ma, S.C., He, Z.D., Deng, X.L., But, P.P.H., Ooi, V.E.C., Xu,H.X., Lee, S.H.S. and Lee, S.F., 2001. In vitro evaluation of secoiridoid glucosides from the fruits of Ligustrum lucidum as antiviral agents. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 49(11), 1471-1473. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.49.1471
• Mattioli, P., 1568. I discorsi di M. Pietro Andrea Matthioli, Appresso Vincenzo Valgrifi, In Venetia, Appresso Vincenzo ValgrisI, MDLXVIII, pp. 187-193. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.120952
• Mekuriaw, E., Mengistu, E., Erdedo, A. and Mamo, H., 2021. In vitro antibacterial activity, preliminary phytochemical screening profile, and in vivo toxicity of seven traditional medicinal plants in Ethiopia. Traditional and Integrative Medicine, 6(4), 398-414. https://doi.org/10.18502/tim.v6i4.8273
• Mostafa, A.A., Al-Askar, A.A., Almaary, K.S., Dawoud, T.M., Sholkamy, E.N. and Bakri, M.M., 2018. Antimicrobial activity of some plant extracts against bacterial strains causing food poisoning diseases. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 25, 361-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.02.004
• Nagy, M., Križková, L., Mučaji, P., Kontšeková, Z., Šeršeň, F. and Krajčovič, J., 2009. Antimutagenic activity and radical scavenging activity of water infusions and phenolics from ligustrum plants leaves. Molecules, 14(1), 509-518. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules14010509
• Oyedemi, B. O., Oyedemi, S. O., Swain, S. S., Prieto, J. M. and Stapleton, P., 2020. Bactericidal and antibiotic-modulation activities of methanol crude extracts of Ligustrum lucidum and Lobelia inflata against MRSA phenotypes: Molecular docking studies of some isolated compounds from both plants against DNA gyrase A. South African Journal of Botany, 130, 54-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.11.010
• Pieroni, A. and Pachaly, P., 2000. An ethnopharmacological study on common privet (Ligustrum vulgare) and phillyrea (Phillyrea latifolia). Fitoterapia, 71, S89-S94. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00182-9
• Quintaes, K.D. and Diez‐Garcia, R.W., 2015. The importance of minerals in the human diet. Handbook of Mineral Elements in Food, Wiley publishing, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118654316.ch1
• Rocchetti, G., Senizza, B., Zengin, G., Senkardes, I., Sadeer, N.B., Mahomoodally, M.F. and Lucini, L., 2019. Metabolomics-based profiling with chemometric approach to delineate the bio-pharmaceutical properties of fruit extracts from Ligustrum vulgare L. Industrial Crops and Products, 140, 111635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111635
• Senhaji, S., Lamchouri, F., Boulfia, M., Lachkar, N., Bouabid, K. and Toufik, H., 2022. Mineral composition, content of phenolic compounds and in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of aqueous and organic extracts of the seeds of Peganum harmala L. South African Journal of Botany, 147, 697-712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2022.03.005
• Shoemaker, M., Hamilton, B., Dairkee, S.H., Cohen, I. and Campbell, M.J., 2005. In vitro anticancer activity of twelve Chinese medicinal herbs. Phytotherapy Research, 19(7), 649-651. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1702
• Singleton, V.L. and Rossi, J.A., 1965. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16(3), 144-158. https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.1965.16.3.144
• Skujins, S. (1998). Handbook for ICP-AES (varian-vista). A short guide to vista series ICP-AES operation. Varian Int. AG, Zug, Version, 1-0. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.878
• Wu, C.R., Lin, W.H., Hseu, Y.C., Lien, J.C., Lin, Y.T., Kuo, T.P. and Ching, H., 2011. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of five endemic Ligustrum species leaves from Taiwan flora in vitro. Food Chemistry, 127(2), 564-571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.041
• Yim, T.K., Wu, W.K., Pak, W.F. and Ko, K.M., 2001. Hepatoprotective action of an oleanolic acid‐enriched extract of Ligustrum lucidum fruits is mediated through an enhancement on hepatic glutathione regeneration capacity in mice. Phytotherapy Research, 15(7), 589-592.
• Ziller S., 2015. Ligustrum vulgare (common privet). CABI Compendium. https://doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.30764
• USDA-ARS, 2015. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online Database. Beltsville, Maryland, USA: National Germplasm Resources Laboratory. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysearch.aspx (09.04.2024)
• Weeds of Australia, 2015. Weeds of Australia, Biosecurity Queensland Edition. http://keyserver.lucidcentral.org, (08.04.2024).