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KİŞİSEL DEĞERLERİN BAHŞİŞ VERMEYE KARŞI TUTUM ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 91 - 104, 01.12.2014

Tülay Korkmaz Devrani

https://izlik.org/JA48KU22FA

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı müşterilerin kişisel değerlerinin bahşiş vermeye karşı tutum üzerindeki etkisinin belir-lenmesidir. Araştırmada kolayda örneklem yöntemi ile 221 kişiden veri toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre “iyilikseverlik” ve “uyma” değer tipleri ile bahşiş vermeye karşı tutum arasında olumlu ilişki bulunmaz iken, “başarı” ve “uyarılım” değer tipleri ile bahşiş vermeye karşı tutum arasında zıt yönlü bir ilişki bulun-maktadır. Sonuçlar, toplulukçulukla ilgili değerlerin bahşiş vermeye karşı tutum üzerinde etkisinin bulunma-dığını ancak bireycilikle ilgili değerlerin bahşiş vermeye karşı tutum üzerinde olumsuz etkisi bulunduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Personal values Attitude toward tipping Schwartz Value Survey

Kaynakça

  • ALLEN, M. W., NG, S. H. ve WİLSON, M. (2002), "A Functional Approach to Instrumental and Terminal Values and The Value-Attitude-Behaviour System of Consumer Choice", European Journal of Marketing, 36(1/2), 111-135.
  • ARBUCKLE, J. L. ve W. W. (1999), AMOS 4.0: Programming Reference Guide, Chicago: Small Waters Corporation.
  • AZAR, O. H. (2004), “The History of Tipping –from sixteenth- century England to United States in the 1920s”, The Journal of Socio-Economics, 33, 745-764.
  • AZAR, O. H. (2005), “Who Do We Tip and Why? An Empirical Investigation”, Applied Economics; 37 (16), 1871- 1879.
  • AZAR, O. H. (2007), “The Social Norm of Tipping: A Review”, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37(2), 380– 402.
  • AZAR, O. H. (2010), “Do People Tip Because of Psychological or Strategic Motivations? An Empirical Analysis of Tipping”, Applied Economics, 42, 3039-3044.
  • AZAR, O. H. (2011), “Business Strategy and the Social Norm of Tipping”, Journal of Economic Psychology, 32, 515-525.
  • BARDI, A., ve SCHWARTZ, S. H. (2003), “Values and Behavior: Strength and Structure of Relations”, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 1207-1220.
  • BODVARSSON, Ö.B. ve GIBSON, W. A. (1997), “Economics of Restaurant Gratuities: Determining Tip Rates”, American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 56, 187–204.
  • BRENNER, M. L. (2001), Tipping for Success: Secrets for How to Get In and Get Great Service, Brenmark House, Sherman Oaks, CA.
  • CONLIN, M., LYNN, M., ve O’DONOGHUE, T. (2003), “The Norm Of Restaurant Tipping”, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 52, 297–321.
  • DAVIS, S. F., SCHRADER, B. RICHARDSON, T. R., KRING,J. P. ve KIEFFER. J. C. (1988), “Restaurant Servers Influence Tipping Behavior”, Psychological Reports, 83, 223-226.
  • HOMER, P.M. ve KAHLE, L.R. (1988), “A Structural Equation Test of the Value-Attitude-Behavior Hierarchy”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(4), 638-646.
  • GARRITY, K., ve DEGELMAN, D. (1990), “Effect of Server Introduction on Restaurant Tipping”, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20, 168- 172.
  • HOFSTEDE, G.(2001), Culture’s Consequences, London, Sage Publications. LYNN, M. (1988), “The Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Restaurant Tipping”, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 14, 87-91.
  • LYNN, M. (1994), “Neuroticism and the Prevalence of Tipping: A Cross-country Study”, Personality and Individual Differences, 17(1), 137-138.
  • LYNN, M. (2000a), "National Character and Tipping Customs: The Needs for Achievement, Affiliation, and Power as Predictors of the Prevalence of Tipping." International Journal of Hospitality Management, 19, 205-210.
  • LYNN, M. (2000b), “National Personality and Tipping Customs”, Personality and Individual Differences, 28 (2), 395-404.
  • LYNN, M. (2002), “Turnover’s Relationships With Sales, Tips and Service Across Restaurants in a Chain”, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 21, 443-447.
  • LYNN, M. (2008). “Personality Effects on Tipping Attitudes, Self-reported Behaviors and Customs: A Multi-level Inquiry”, Personality and Individual Differences, 44(4), 989-999.
  • LYNN, M. (2009), “Individual Differences in Self-attributed Motives for Tipping: Antecedents, Consequences, and Implications”, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28, 432-438.
  • LYNN, M. ve BOND, C. (1992), “Conceptual Meaning and Spuriousness in Ratio Correlations: The Case of Restaurant Tipping”, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22 (4), 327-341.
  • LYNN, M., ve GRASSMAN, A. (1990), “Restaurant Tipping: An Examination of Three ‘Rational Explanations”, Journal of Economic Psychology, 11, 169–181.
  • LYNN, M. ve LYNN, A. (2004), “National Values and Tipping Customs: A Replication and Extention”, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 28(3), 356-364.
  • LYNN, M. ve STARBUCK, M. M. (2014), “Tipping customs: the Effects of National Differences in Attitudes Toward Tipping and Sensitive to Duty and Social Pressure”, Journal of Behavior and Experimental Economics, (article in pres).
  • LYNN, M. ve THOMAS-HAYSBERT, C. (2003), “Ethnic Differences in Tipping: Evidence, Explanations and Implications”, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33 (8), 747-1772.
  • LYNN, M ve WITHIAM, (2008), “Tipping and its Alternatives Business Considerations and Directions for Research”, Journal of Services Marketing, 22(4), 328-336
  • LYNN, M., ZINKHAN, G.M. ve HARRIS, J. (1993), “Consumer Tipping :A Cross-country Study”, Journal of Consumer Research, 20(4), 478-485
  • LEVMORE, S. (2000), “Norms as Supplements”, Virginia Law Review, 86, 1989-2021. MILLIMAN, R. E. (1986), “The Influence of Background Music on the Behavior of Restaurant Patrons”, Journal of Consumer Research, 13, 286-289.
  • PROBST, T. M. CARNEVALE, P. J. ve TRIANDIS, H C. (1999), “Cultural Values in Intergroup and Single-Group Social Dilemmas”, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 77(3,) 171-191.
  • RIND, B. (1996), “Effects of Beliefs About Weather Conditions on Tipping”, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 26: 137-147.
  • RIND, B., ve BORDIA, P. (1995), “Effect of Server’s “Thank you” and Personalization on Restaurant Tipping”, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 25, 745-751.
  • RIND, B., ve STROHMETZ, D. (2001), “Effects of Beliefs About Future Weather Conditions onTipping”, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31 (2), 2160-2164.
  • ROKEACH, M. (1973), The Nature of Human Values. New York: Free Press. SAUNDERS, S. G. ve LYNN, M. (2010), “Why Tip? An Empirical Test of Motivations for Tipping Car Guards”, Journal of Economic Psychology, 31, 106-113.
  • HIFFMAN, B. ve KANUK, W. (1997), Consumer Behaviour, Prentice Hall.
  • SCHWARTZ, S. H. (1992). “Universals in the Content and Structure of Values: Theory and Empirical Tests in 20 Countries”, M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , 25, s. 1-65. New York: Academic Press.
  • SCHWARTZ, S. H. (1994), “Are There Universal Aspects in the Content and Structure of Values?”, Journal of Social Issues, 50, 19-45.
  • SCHWARTZ, S.H. (1996), “Value Priorities and Behavior: Applying a Theory of Integrated Value Systems”, C. Seligman, J.M. Olson, ve M.P. Zanna (Ed), The Psychology of Values: The Ontario Symposium, 8, s. 1-24. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • SCHWARTZ, S. H., ve BILSKY, W. (1987). “Toward a Psychological Structure of Human Values”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 550-562.
  • SCHWARTZ, S. H., ve BILSKY, W. (1990), “Toward a Theory of the Universal Content and Structure of Values: Extensions and Cross-cultural Replications”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(5), 878-891 . STAR, N. (1988), The International Guide to Tipping, New York: Berkley Books

KİŞİSEL DEĞERLERİN BAHŞİŞ VERMEYE KARŞI TUTUM ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 91 - 104, 01.12.2014

Tülay Korkmaz Devrani

https://izlik.org/JA48KU22FA

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı müşterilerin kişisel değerlerinin bahşiş vermeye karşı tutum üzerindeki etkisinin belir-lenmesidir. Araştırmada kolayda örneklem yöntemi ile 221 kişiden veri toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre “iyilikseverlik” ve “uyma” değer tipleri ile bahşiş vermeye karşı tutum arasında olumlu ilişki bulunmaz iken, “başarı” ve “uyarılım” değer tipleri ile bahşiş vermeye karşı tutum arasında zıt yönlü bir ilişki bulun-maktadır. Sonuçlar, toplulukçulukla ilgili değerlerin bahşiş vermeye karşı tutum üzerinde etkisinin bulunma-dığını ancak bireycilikle ilgili değerlerin bahşiş vermeye karşı tutum üzerinde olumsuz etkisi bulunduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kişisel değerler Bahşiş vermeye karşı tutum Schwarzt Değer Ölçeği

Kaynakça

  • ALLEN, M. W., NG, S. H. ve WİLSON, M. (2002), "A Functional Approach to Instrumental and Terminal Values and The Value-Attitude-Behaviour System of Consumer Choice", European Journal of Marketing, 36(1/2), 111-135.
  • ARBUCKLE, J. L. ve W. W. (1999), AMOS 4.0: Programming Reference Guide, Chicago: Small Waters Corporation.
  • AZAR, O. H. (2004), “The History of Tipping –from sixteenth- century England to United States in the 1920s”, The Journal of Socio-Economics, 33, 745-764.
  • AZAR, O. H. (2005), “Who Do We Tip and Why? An Empirical Investigation”, Applied Economics; 37 (16), 1871- 1879.
  • AZAR, O. H. (2007), “The Social Norm of Tipping: A Review”, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37(2), 380– 402.
  • AZAR, O. H. (2010), “Do People Tip Because of Psychological or Strategic Motivations? An Empirical Analysis of Tipping”, Applied Economics, 42, 3039-3044.
  • AZAR, O. H. (2011), “Business Strategy and the Social Norm of Tipping”, Journal of Economic Psychology, 32, 515-525.
  • BARDI, A., ve SCHWARTZ, S. H. (2003), “Values and Behavior: Strength and Structure of Relations”, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 1207-1220.
  • BODVARSSON, Ö.B. ve GIBSON, W. A. (1997), “Economics of Restaurant Gratuities: Determining Tip Rates”, American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 56, 187–204.
  • BRENNER, M. L. (2001), Tipping for Success: Secrets for How to Get In and Get Great Service, Brenmark House, Sherman Oaks, CA.
  • CONLIN, M., LYNN, M., ve O’DONOGHUE, T. (2003), “The Norm Of Restaurant Tipping”, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 52, 297–321.
  • DAVIS, S. F., SCHRADER, B. RICHARDSON, T. R., KRING,J. P. ve KIEFFER. J. C. (1988), “Restaurant Servers Influence Tipping Behavior”, Psychological Reports, 83, 223-226.
  • HOMER, P.M. ve KAHLE, L.R. (1988), “A Structural Equation Test of the Value-Attitude-Behavior Hierarchy”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(4), 638-646.
  • GARRITY, K., ve DEGELMAN, D. (1990), “Effect of Server Introduction on Restaurant Tipping”, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20, 168- 172.
  • HOFSTEDE, G.(2001), Culture’s Consequences, London, Sage Publications. LYNN, M. (1988), “The Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Restaurant Tipping”, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 14, 87-91.
  • LYNN, M. (1994), “Neuroticism and the Prevalence of Tipping: A Cross-country Study”, Personality and Individual Differences, 17(1), 137-138.
  • LYNN, M. (2000a), "National Character and Tipping Customs: The Needs for Achievement, Affiliation, and Power as Predictors of the Prevalence of Tipping." International Journal of Hospitality Management, 19, 205-210.
  • LYNN, M. (2000b), “National Personality and Tipping Customs”, Personality and Individual Differences, 28 (2), 395-404.
  • LYNN, M. (2002), “Turnover’s Relationships With Sales, Tips and Service Across Restaurants in a Chain”, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 21, 443-447.
  • LYNN, M. (2008). “Personality Effects on Tipping Attitudes, Self-reported Behaviors and Customs: A Multi-level Inquiry”, Personality and Individual Differences, 44(4), 989-999.
  • LYNN, M. (2009), “Individual Differences in Self-attributed Motives for Tipping: Antecedents, Consequences, and Implications”, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28, 432-438.
  • LYNN, M. ve BOND, C. (1992), “Conceptual Meaning and Spuriousness in Ratio Correlations: The Case of Restaurant Tipping”, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22 (4), 327-341.
  • LYNN, M., ve GRASSMAN, A. (1990), “Restaurant Tipping: An Examination of Three ‘Rational Explanations”, Journal of Economic Psychology, 11, 169–181.
  • LYNN, M. ve LYNN, A. (2004), “National Values and Tipping Customs: A Replication and Extention”, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 28(3), 356-364.
  • LYNN, M. ve STARBUCK, M. M. (2014), “Tipping customs: the Effects of National Differences in Attitudes Toward Tipping and Sensitive to Duty and Social Pressure”, Journal of Behavior and Experimental Economics, (article in pres).
  • LYNN, M. ve THOMAS-HAYSBERT, C. (2003), “Ethnic Differences in Tipping: Evidence, Explanations and Implications”, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33 (8), 747-1772.
  • LYNN, M ve WITHIAM, (2008), “Tipping and its Alternatives Business Considerations and Directions for Research”, Journal of Services Marketing, 22(4), 328-336
  • LYNN, M., ZINKHAN, G.M. ve HARRIS, J. (1993), “Consumer Tipping :A Cross-country Study”, Journal of Consumer Research, 20(4), 478-485
  • LEVMORE, S. (2000), “Norms as Supplements”, Virginia Law Review, 86, 1989-2021. MILLIMAN, R. E. (1986), “The Influence of Background Music on the Behavior of Restaurant Patrons”, Journal of Consumer Research, 13, 286-289.
  • PROBST, T. M. CARNEVALE, P. J. ve TRIANDIS, H C. (1999), “Cultural Values in Intergroup and Single-Group Social Dilemmas”, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 77(3,) 171-191.
  • RIND, B. (1996), “Effects of Beliefs About Weather Conditions on Tipping”, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 26: 137-147.
  • RIND, B., ve BORDIA, P. (1995), “Effect of Server’s “Thank you” and Personalization on Restaurant Tipping”, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 25, 745-751.
  • RIND, B., ve STROHMETZ, D. (2001), “Effects of Beliefs About Future Weather Conditions onTipping”, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31 (2), 2160-2164.
  • ROKEACH, M. (1973), The Nature of Human Values. New York: Free Press. SAUNDERS, S. G. ve LYNN, M. (2010), “Why Tip? An Empirical Test of Motivations for Tipping Car Guards”, Journal of Economic Psychology, 31, 106-113.
  • HIFFMAN, B. ve KANUK, W. (1997), Consumer Behaviour, Prentice Hall.
  • SCHWARTZ, S. H. (1992). “Universals in the Content and Structure of Values: Theory and Empirical Tests in 20 Countries”, M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , 25, s. 1-65. New York: Academic Press.
  • SCHWARTZ, S. H. (1994), “Are There Universal Aspects in the Content and Structure of Values?”, Journal of Social Issues, 50, 19-45.
  • SCHWARTZ, S.H. (1996), “Value Priorities and Behavior: Applying a Theory of Integrated Value Systems”, C. Seligman, J.M. Olson, ve M.P. Zanna (Ed), The Psychology of Values: The Ontario Symposium, 8, s. 1-24. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • SCHWARTZ, S. H., ve BILSKY, W. (1987). “Toward a Psychological Structure of Human Values”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 550-562.
  • SCHWARTZ, S. H., ve BILSKY, W. (1990), “Toward a Theory of the Universal Content and Structure of Values: Extensions and Cross-cultural Replications”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(5), 878-891 . STAR, N. (1988), The International Guide to Tipping, New York: Berkley Books
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Yazarlar

Bu kişi benim

Tülay Korkmaz Devrani Bu kişi benim

Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Eylül 2015
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2014
IZ https://izlik.org/JA48KU22FA
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2


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Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi'nde yayınlanan tüm çalışmalar CC BY-NC 4.0 lisansı ile açık erişim ve ücretsiz olarak lisanslanmaktadır.