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EKONOMİLERDE YAPISAL DÖNÜŞÜM VE BELİRLEYİCİLERİ: SEÇİLMİŞ GELİŞMİŞ VE GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELER ÜZERİNE BİR PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 169 - 187, 29.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.33707/akuiibfd.727439

Öz

Bu çalışmada, ekonomik büyüme ve kalkınma için büyük öneme sahip olan yapısal dönüşüm olgusu ve belirleyicileri, panel veri analiziyle incelenmektedir. Bu amaçla konu teorik temeliyle ele alındıktan sonra, seçilmiş 19 gelişmiş ve 24 gelişmekte olan ülkede 1970-2017 yılları arasında meydana gelen yapısal dönüşüm, hesaplanan yapısal dönüşüm endeksi yoluyla analiz edilmiştir. Gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki yapısal dönüşüm endeks değerlerinin, gelişmiş ülke değerlerinden daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Daha sonra, yapısal dönüşümün belirleyicilerinin yapısal dönüşüm üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla ülke gruplarına Panel Veri Analizi uygulanmıştır. Driscoll-Kraay tahmin sonucunda, gelişmiş ülkelerde dış ticaretin ve nüfusun etkisinin pozitif, doğumda yaşam beklentisinin negatif olduğu görülmüştür. Kişi başına milli gelir ve küreselleşme değişkenlerinin yapısal dönüşüm üzerine etkilerinin istatistiki olarak anlamsız olduğu saptanmıştır. Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ise dış ticaretin negatif, kişi başına milli gelirin pozitif ve anlamlı etkisi görülürken, diğer değişkenlerin anlamsız olduğu belirlenmiştir. Son olarak, Ortak İlişkili Etkiler Ortalama Grup Tahmincisi ile de ülkeler bazında değerlendirme yapılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Agarwal, M.K. ve Gupta, R. (2016), “Growth and Structural Change in the South Asian Economies of India, Nepal and Sri Lanka”,Journal of Development and Administrative Studies, 24, 39-62.
  • Aggarwal, A. ve Kumar, N. (2012), Structural Change, Industrialization and Poverty Reduction: The Case of India,UN ESCAP Development Paper, 1206.
  • Ahson, U.S., Muhammad W. ve Sarwar, S. (2017), “Structural Transformation and Economic Growth: A Fresh Empirical Assessment of SAARC Countries”, The Pakistan Journal of Social Issues, VIII, 21-31.
  • Bah, El H.M. (2008), Structural Transformation in Developed and Developing Countries, Munich Personal RePEc Archive,10655.
  • Baltagi, B. H. (2015), Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, Third Edition, England: John Wiley& Sons Ltd,.
  • Barcena, A. ve Prado, A. (2012), Structural Change for Equality: An Integrated Approach to Development, United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbian, 464.
  • Barrett, C. B., Carter, M. R. ve Timmer, C. P. (2010), “A Century-Long Perspective on Agricultural Development”, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 92(2), 447-468.
  • Breusch, T. S. ve Pagan, A. R. (1980),“The Lagrange Multiplier Test and Its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics”, The Review of Economic Studies, 47 (1), 239-253.
  • Carmignani, F. ve Mandaville, T. (2010), “Never Been Industrialized: A Tale of African Structural Change”, School of Economics MRG Discussion Paper, 3710, 1, Australia.
  • Connolly, E. ve Lewis, C. (2010),Structural Change in Australian Economy,Reserve Bank of Australia Bulletin
  • Cortuk, O. ve Singh, N. (2010), Structural Change and Growth in India, MPRA Paper, 20867.
  • Dietrich, A. (2009), Does Growth Cause Structural Change, or Is it Other Way Round, Jena Economic Research Papers, 34, http://www. Econpapers.repec.org./paper/ jrpjrpwrp/2009, (17.03.2020).
  • Downes, P. ve Stoeckel, A. (2006), Drivers of Structural Change in the Australian Economy, Centre for İnternational Economics, Sydney.
  • Elshami, H.M. (2016),“Economic Structural Change and Economic Growth in Egypt”,Journal of Emerging Issues in Economics, Finance and Banking (JEIEFB) An Online International Research Journal, 5 (2), 1938-1946,http://globalbizresearch.org/economics/images/files/26073_ID_1109_JEIEFB_Hany%20M.%20Elshamy.pdf, (13.02.2020).
  • Felipe, J.,Kumar, U. ve Abdon, A. (2010),As You Sow So Shall You Reap: From Capabilities to Oportunies,Levy Economics Institute Working Paper, 613, 1.
  • Felipe, J., Ledesma, M. L., Lanzafame, M. ve Estrada, G. (2007),Sektoral Engines of Growth in Developing Asia: Stylized Facts and Implications, ERD Working Paper,107.
  • Fiorini, M., Jansen, M., Kummritz, V. ve Xie, W.(2013), Trade and the Extent of Structural Change, http//www.etsg.org/ETSG2013/Papers/221, (19.01.2020).
  • Foellmi, R. ve Zweimüller, J. (2002), “Structural Change and the Kaldor Facts of Economic Growth”, Centre for Economic Policy Research Discussion Paper, 3300.
  • Gujarati, D. N. (2001),Temel Ekonometri, (Ü.Şenesen ve G. G. Şenesen, Çev.) İstanbul:Literatür Yayıncılık.
  • Guo, J. ve Planting, M.A. (2000),“Using Input-Output Analysis to Measure U.S. Structural Change over a 24 Year Period”, The 13th International Conference on Input-Output Techniques.
  • Gupta, A.S., More, V. ve Gupta, K. (2016), Structural Change and Poverty Reductuion at Sub-State Level in India,Munich Personal RePEc Archive, 72740.
  • Gurrib, I. (2011),“The Impact of Mining and Services Industries on the Structural Change of Australia”, International Journal of Economic Sciences and Applied Research, 4 (2), 35-51.
  • Havlik, P. (2005), Structural Change, Productivity and Employment in the New EU Member States, WIIW Research Reports, 313, http://www.wiiw.Ac.at/modPubl/download.php?publ, (21.01.2020).
  • Herrendorf, B.,Rogerson, R. ve Valentinyi, A.(2011),Growth and Structural Transformation,http://www.netfiles.uiuc.edu/parente/Econ562/Handbook, (19. 01.2020).
  • Huber, P. ve Mayerhofer, P. (2006),“Structural Change in the CENTROPE Region”,New Regional Economics in Central European Economies: The Future of CENTROPE, Oesterreichische National Bank Workshops, 9, 146-179.
  • ILO (2013), Global Employment Trends 2013.
  • Jankowska, A., Nagengast, A.J. ve Perea, J.R. (2012), The Product Space and The Middle-Income Trap: Comparing Asian And Latin American Experiences, OECD Development Centre Working Paper, 311.
  • Kniivila, M. (2007), “Industrial Development and Economic Growth: Implications for Poverty Reduction and Income Inequality”, Industrial Development for the 21st Century: Sustainable Development Perspectives, United Nations Department of Social and Economic Affairs, 295-332.
  • Kruger, A. (2012), “The Role of Trade Openness in Structural Change and the Rise of Asia”, www. treasury.gov.au/.../structural change_and_the_rise_of_Asia /…/ kruger.ash.,(21.02.2020).
  • Kutlar, A. (2017),EViews ile Panel Veri Ekonometrisi Uygulamaları, Kocaeli:Umuttepe Yayınları.
  • Kuznets, S. (1973),“Modern Economic Growth: Findings and Reflections”,The American Economic Review, 63(3).
  • Lin, J.Y. (2012), New Structural Economics: A Framework for Rethinking Development and Policy, Washington: The World Bank.
  • Losch, B., Gresh, S. F. ve White, E. T. (2012), Structural Transformation and Rural Change Revisited- Challenges for Late Developing Countries in Globalizing World, World Bank Africa Development Forum, 70985.
  • Malerba, F., Salter, A. ve Saltelli, A. (2011), Indicators for Structural Change, Expert Group on the Measurement of Innovation, Final Report, Brüksel.
  • McGregor, N. F. ve Verspagen, B. (2016), “The Role of Structural Transformation in The Potential of Asian Economic Growth”,Asian Development Bank Economics Working Paper Series, 479.
  • McMillan, M. S. ve Rodrik, D. (2011), Globalization, Structural Change and Productivity Growth, NBER Working Paper,17143.
  • Nutahara, K. (2008),“Structural Changes and Economic Growth: Evidence from Japan”,Economics Bulletin, 15(9), 1-11.
  • Paus, E. (2014), Latin America and the Middle Income Trap, United Nations ECLAC Financing for Development Series, 250.
  • Pesaran, M.H. (2004), “General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels”, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute for Economic Research, Working Paper No. 1229.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007),“A Simple Panel Unit Root in the Presence of Cross-Section Dependence”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 265-312.
  • Pesaran, M.H. ve Yamagata, T. (2008),“Testing Slope Homogeneity in Large Panels”,Journal of Econometrics, 142, 50-93.
  • Productivity Commission (1998),Aspects of Structural Change in Australia, Research Paper, AusInfo, Australia.
  • Quatraro, F. (2012),The Economics of Structural Change in Knowledge,http://www.researchgate.net/ publication/267687279/link/54bcd4170cf253b50e2d6626, (14.01.2020). Rodrik, D. (2010),Yapısal Dönüşüm ve İktisadi kalkınma, TEPAV. http://www.tepav.org.tr., (16.01.2020).
  • Sandven, T.,Smith, K. ve Kalaodis, A. (2005), “Structural Change, Growth and Innovation: The Roles of Medium and Low Tech Industries1980-2002, ”Low-tech Innovation in the Knowledge Economy, 31-59.
  • Sawhney, U. (2010),“Growth and Structural Change in SAARC Economies”,International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies, 2(2), 95-103.
  • Silva, E.G. ve Teixeira, A.A.C. (2006), Surveying Structural Change: Seminal Contributions and a Bibliometric Account, FEP Working Papers, 232.
  • Singariya, M. R. (2014), “Links Between Structural Changes and Economic Growth in India”, Growth, Asian Online Journal Publishing Group, 1(1),http://www.asianonlinejournals.com/index.php/Growth/article/ download 130/pdf, (22.01.2020).
  • Singh, L. (2004), “Technological Progress, Structural Change and Productivity Growth in Manufacturing Sector of South Korea”,World Review of Science, Technology and sustainable Development, 1(1), 37-49.
  • Syrquin, M. (1998), Patterns of Structural Change, Handbook of Economic Developments ,Ed. H. Chenery, I, 206.
  • Şahinöz, A. (2001), “Tarım Sektörü”, Türkiye Ekonomisi Sektörel Analiz, Ed. Ahmet Şahinöz, Ankara: İmaj Yayıncılık.
  • Tatoğlu, F.Y. (2016), Panel Veri Ekonometrisi,İstanbul:Beta Yayınları.
  • Teignier, M. (2018), “The Role of Trade on Structural Transformation”, Journal of Development Economics, 130(C), 45-65.
  • Timmer, P. (2012) ,“The Mathematics of Structural Transformation”, International Food Policy Research Institute, 2.
  • UN (2006), Structural Change and Economic Growth,World Economic and Social Survey 2006, Chapter II.
  • UN Economic Commission for Africa (2013), “Africa Needs Structural Transformation Not Structural adjusment”, http://www.uneca.org/es-blog/africa-needs-structural-transformation, (12.03.2020).
  • UNIDO (2009a), Structural Change and Sectoral Growth in Selected East Asian Countries,Ed. Nobuya Haraguchi, Gorazd Rezonja, Working Paper.
  • UNIDO (2009b), Industrial Development Report 2009.
  • UNIDO (2012), Climbing The Stairway of Development, Policy Brief.
  • Valli, V. ve Saccone, D. (2009),“Structural Change and Economic Development in China and India”,The European Journal of Comparative Economics, 6(1), 101-129.
  • Vivarelli, M. (2014), Structural Change and Innovation as Exit Strategies from the Middle Income Trap,Forschungsinstitut zur zukunft der Arbeit, Diskussion Paper, 8148.
  • Vu, K.M. (2017), “Structural Change and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence and Policiy Insights from Asian Economies”, Structural Change and Economic Dynamics,41, 64-77.
  • World Bank (2013), “Jobs”, World Development Report 2013.
  • Wölfl, A. (2005),The Service Economy in OECD Countries,OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers.
  • Yeldan, E., Taşcı, K., Voyvoda, E. ve Özsan, M. E. (2012), Orta Gelir Tuzağından Çıkış: Hangi Türkiye?, cilt1, İstanbul: Türkiye Girişim ve İş Dünyası Konfederasyonu.
  • Yi, K.M. ve Zhang, J. (2011), Structural Change in an Open Economy,Working Paper,595.
  • Zulkhibri, M., Naıya, I. ve Ghazal, R. (2015),“Structural Change and Economic Growth in Emerging Markets: A Cross Country Analysis”,International Journal of Development Issues, 14(2), 98-116.

STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION IN ECONOMIES AND ITS DETERMINANTS: APANEL DATA ANALYSIS ON SELECTED DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 169 - 187, 29.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.33707/akuiibfd.727439

Öz

In this study, the structural transformation phenomenon and its determinants, which are of great importance for economic growth and development, are examined by panel data analysis. For this purpose, the structural transformation that occurred between 1970-2017 in 19 selected developed and 24 developing countries is analysed through the calculated Structural Transformation Index. It is determined that the structural transformation index values in the developing countries are higher than the developed country values. Then, Panel Data Analysis is applied to country groups to determine the impact of determinants of structural transformation on structural transformation. As a result of Driscoll-Kraay estimation, it is observed that the impact of foreign trade and population in developed countries is positive and life expectancy at birth is negative. The effects of variables of gross domestic product per capita and globalization on structural transformation are found to be statistically insignificant. In developing countries, the negative impact of foreign trade and the positive and meaningful effect of gross domestic product per capita are observed, while other variables are determined to be insignificant. Finally, an asessment is made on a country basis with the Common Correlated Effect Mean Group Estimator.

Kaynakça

  • Agarwal, M.K. ve Gupta, R. (2016), “Growth and Structural Change in the South Asian Economies of India, Nepal and Sri Lanka”,Journal of Development and Administrative Studies, 24, 39-62.
  • Aggarwal, A. ve Kumar, N. (2012), Structural Change, Industrialization and Poverty Reduction: The Case of India,UN ESCAP Development Paper, 1206.
  • Ahson, U.S., Muhammad W. ve Sarwar, S. (2017), “Structural Transformation and Economic Growth: A Fresh Empirical Assessment of SAARC Countries”, The Pakistan Journal of Social Issues, VIII, 21-31.
  • Bah, El H.M. (2008), Structural Transformation in Developed and Developing Countries, Munich Personal RePEc Archive,10655.
  • Baltagi, B. H. (2015), Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, Third Edition, England: John Wiley& Sons Ltd,.
  • Barcena, A. ve Prado, A. (2012), Structural Change for Equality: An Integrated Approach to Development, United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbian, 464.
  • Barrett, C. B., Carter, M. R. ve Timmer, C. P. (2010), “A Century-Long Perspective on Agricultural Development”, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 92(2), 447-468.
  • Breusch, T. S. ve Pagan, A. R. (1980),“The Lagrange Multiplier Test and Its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics”, The Review of Economic Studies, 47 (1), 239-253.
  • Carmignani, F. ve Mandaville, T. (2010), “Never Been Industrialized: A Tale of African Structural Change”, School of Economics MRG Discussion Paper, 3710, 1, Australia.
  • Connolly, E. ve Lewis, C. (2010),Structural Change in Australian Economy,Reserve Bank of Australia Bulletin
  • Cortuk, O. ve Singh, N. (2010), Structural Change and Growth in India, MPRA Paper, 20867.
  • Dietrich, A. (2009), Does Growth Cause Structural Change, or Is it Other Way Round, Jena Economic Research Papers, 34, http://www. Econpapers.repec.org./paper/ jrpjrpwrp/2009, (17.03.2020).
  • Downes, P. ve Stoeckel, A. (2006), Drivers of Structural Change in the Australian Economy, Centre for İnternational Economics, Sydney.
  • Elshami, H.M. (2016),“Economic Structural Change and Economic Growth in Egypt”,Journal of Emerging Issues in Economics, Finance and Banking (JEIEFB) An Online International Research Journal, 5 (2), 1938-1946,http://globalbizresearch.org/economics/images/files/26073_ID_1109_JEIEFB_Hany%20M.%20Elshamy.pdf, (13.02.2020).
  • Felipe, J.,Kumar, U. ve Abdon, A. (2010),As You Sow So Shall You Reap: From Capabilities to Oportunies,Levy Economics Institute Working Paper, 613, 1.
  • Felipe, J., Ledesma, M. L., Lanzafame, M. ve Estrada, G. (2007),Sektoral Engines of Growth in Developing Asia: Stylized Facts and Implications, ERD Working Paper,107.
  • Fiorini, M., Jansen, M., Kummritz, V. ve Xie, W.(2013), Trade and the Extent of Structural Change, http//www.etsg.org/ETSG2013/Papers/221, (19.01.2020).
  • Foellmi, R. ve Zweimüller, J. (2002), “Structural Change and the Kaldor Facts of Economic Growth”, Centre for Economic Policy Research Discussion Paper, 3300.
  • Gujarati, D. N. (2001),Temel Ekonometri, (Ü.Şenesen ve G. G. Şenesen, Çev.) İstanbul:Literatür Yayıncılık.
  • Guo, J. ve Planting, M.A. (2000),“Using Input-Output Analysis to Measure U.S. Structural Change over a 24 Year Period”, The 13th International Conference on Input-Output Techniques.
  • Gupta, A.S., More, V. ve Gupta, K. (2016), Structural Change and Poverty Reductuion at Sub-State Level in India,Munich Personal RePEc Archive, 72740.
  • Gurrib, I. (2011),“The Impact of Mining and Services Industries on the Structural Change of Australia”, International Journal of Economic Sciences and Applied Research, 4 (2), 35-51.
  • Havlik, P. (2005), Structural Change, Productivity and Employment in the New EU Member States, WIIW Research Reports, 313, http://www.wiiw.Ac.at/modPubl/download.php?publ, (21.01.2020).
  • Herrendorf, B.,Rogerson, R. ve Valentinyi, A.(2011),Growth and Structural Transformation,http://www.netfiles.uiuc.edu/parente/Econ562/Handbook, (19. 01.2020).
  • Huber, P. ve Mayerhofer, P. (2006),“Structural Change in the CENTROPE Region”,New Regional Economics in Central European Economies: The Future of CENTROPE, Oesterreichische National Bank Workshops, 9, 146-179.
  • ILO (2013), Global Employment Trends 2013.
  • Jankowska, A., Nagengast, A.J. ve Perea, J.R. (2012), The Product Space and The Middle-Income Trap: Comparing Asian And Latin American Experiences, OECD Development Centre Working Paper, 311.
  • Kniivila, M. (2007), “Industrial Development and Economic Growth: Implications for Poverty Reduction and Income Inequality”, Industrial Development for the 21st Century: Sustainable Development Perspectives, United Nations Department of Social and Economic Affairs, 295-332.
  • Kruger, A. (2012), “The Role of Trade Openness in Structural Change and the Rise of Asia”, www. treasury.gov.au/.../structural change_and_the_rise_of_Asia /…/ kruger.ash.,(21.02.2020).
  • Kutlar, A. (2017),EViews ile Panel Veri Ekonometrisi Uygulamaları, Kocaeli:Umuttepe Yayınları.
  • Kuznets, S. (1973),“Modern Economic Growth: Findings and Reflections”,The American Economic Review, 63(3).
  • Lin, J.Y. (2012), New Structural Economics: A Framework for Rethinking Development and Policy, Washington: The World Bank.
  • Losch, B., Gresh, S. F. ve White, E. T. (2012), Structural Transformation and Rural Change Revisited- Challenges for Late Developing Countries in Globalizing World, World Bank Africa Development Forum, 70985.
  • Malerba, F., Salter, A. ve Saltelli, A. (2011), Indicators for Structural Change, Expert Group on the Measurement of Innovation, Final Report, Brüksel.
  • McGregor, N. F. ve Verspagen, B. (2016), “The Role of Structural Transformation in The Potential of Asian Economic Growth”,Asian Development Bank Economics Working Paper Series, 479.
  • McMillan, M. S. ve Rodrik, D. (2011), Globalization, Structural Change and Productivity Growth, NBER Working Paper,17143.
  • Nutahara, K. (2008),“Structural Changes and Economic Growth: Evidence from Japan”,Economics Bulletin, 15(9), 1-11.
  • Paus, E. (2014), Latin America and the Middle Income Trap, United Nations ECLAC Financing for Development Series, 250.
  • Pesaran, M.H. (2004), “General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels”, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute for Economic Research, Working Paper No. 1229.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007),“A Simple Panel Unit Root in the Presence of Cross-Section Dependence”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 265-312.
  • Pesaran, M.H. ve Yamagata, T. (2008),“Testing Slope Homogeneity in Large Panels”,Journal of Econometrics, 142, 50-93.
  • Productivity Commission (1998),Aspects of Structural Change in Australia, Research Paper, AusInfo, Australia.
  • Quatraro, F. (2012),The Economics of Structural Change in Knowledge,http://www.researchgate.net/ publication/267687279/link/54bcd4170cf253b50e2d6626, (14.01.2020). Rodrik, D. (2010),Yapısal Dönüşüm ve İktisadi kalkınma, TEPAV. http://www.tepav.org.tr., (16.01.2020).
  • Sandven, T.,Smith, K. ve Kalaodis, A. (2005), “Structural Change, Growth and Innovation: The Roles of Medium and Low Tech Industries1980-2002, ”Low-tech Innovation in the Knowledge Economy, 31-59.
  • Sawhney, U. (2010),“Growth and Structural Change in SAARC Economies”,International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies, 2(2), 95-103.
  • Silva, E.G. ve Teixeira, A.A.C. (2006), Surveying Structural Change: Seminal Contributions and a Bibliometric Account, FEP Working Papers, 232.
  • Singariya, M. R. (2014), “Links Between Structural Changes and Economic Growth in India”, Growth, Asian Online Journal Publishing Group, 1(1),http://www.asianonlinejournals.com/index.php/Growth/article/ download 130/pdf, (22.01.2020).
  • Singh, L. (2004), “Technological Progress, Structural Change and Productivity Growth in Manufacturing Sector of South Korea”,World Review of Science, Technology and sustainable Development, 1(1), 37-49.
  • Syrquin, M. (1998), Patterns of Structural Change, Handbook of Economic Developments ,Ed. H. Chenery, I, 206.
  • Şahinöz, A. (2001), “Tarım Sektörü”, Türkiye Ekonomisi Sektörel Analiz, Ed. Ahmet Şahinöz, Ankara: İmaj Yayıncılık.
  • Tatoğlu, F.Y. (2016), Panel Veri Ekonometrisi,İstanbul:Beta Yayınları.
  • Teignier, M. (2018), “The Role of Trade on Structural Transformation”, Journal of Development Economics, 130(C), 45-65.
  • Timmer, P. (2012) ,“The Mathematics of Structural Transformation”, International Food Policy Research Institute, 2.
  • UN (2006), Structural Change and Economic Growth,World Economic and Social Survey 2006, Chapter II.
  • UN Economic Commission for Africa (2013), “Africa Needs Structural Transformation Not Structural adjusment”, http://www.uneca.org/es-blog/africa-needs-structural-transformation, (12.03.2020).
  • UNIDO (2009a), Structural Change and Sectoral Growth in Selected East Asian Countries,Ed. Nobuya Haraguchi, Gorazd Rezonja, Working Paper.
  • UNIDO (2009b), Industrial Development Report 2009.
  • UNIDO (2012), Climbing The Stairway of Development, Policy Brief.
  • Valli, V. ve Saccone, D. (2009),“Structural Change and Economic Development in China and India”,The European Journal of Comparative Economics, 6(1), 101-129.
  • Vivarelli, M. (2014), Structural Change and Innovation as Exit Strategies from the Middle Income Trap,Forschungsinstitut zur zukunft der Arbeit, Diskussion Paper, 8148.
  • Vu, K.M. (2017), “Structural Change and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence and Policiy Insights from Asian Economies”, Structural Change and Economic Dynamics,41, 64-77.
  • World Bank (2013), “Jobs”, World Development Report 2013.
  • Wölfl, A. (2005),The Service Economy in OECD Countries,OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers.
  • Yeldan, E., Taşcı, K., Voyvoda, E. ve Özsan, M. E. (2012), Orta Gelir Tuzağından Çıkış: Hangi Türkiye?, cilt1, İstanbul: Türkiye Girişim ve İş Dünyası Konfederasyonu.
  • Yi, K.M. ve Zhang, J. (2011), Structural Change in an Open Economy,Working Paper,595.
  • Zulkhibri, M., Naıya, I. ve Ghazal, R. (2015),“Structural Change and Economic Growth in Emerging Markets: A Cross Country Analysis”,International Journal of Development Issues, 14(2), 98-116.
Toplam 66 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Musa Keskin 0000-0001-8693-2682

Erol Çakmak 0000-0002-3723-8640

Dilek Özdemir 0000-0002-8048-7730

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Nisan 2020
Kabul Tarihi 14 Ekim 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Keskin, M., Çakmak, E., & Özdemir, D. (2020). EKONOMİLERDE YAPISAL DÖNÜŞÜM VE BELİRLEYİCİLERİ: SEÇİLMİŞ GELİŞMİŞ VE GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELER ÜZERİNE BİR PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2), 169-187. https://doi.org/10.33707/akuiibfd.727439

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