Ataturk’s Quotes and Management: The Effect of Love - Respect, Trust - Obedience, Work Discipline and Self-Efficacy on Perceived Career Success

Yıl 2021, , 125 - 138, 29.03.2021

Elif Bilginoğlu , Uğur Yozgat İnci Erdem Artan

https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.600431

Cited By: 2

Öz

The present study examines the validity of the founder of Turkish Republic; Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’s quotes “Where there is mutual liking and respect, there is trust and obedience. There is discipline where there is trust and obedience. There is peace of mind where there is discipline, and success where there is peace of mind.” and “Victory is for those who can say “Victory is mine.” Success is for those who can begin saying “I will succeed” and say “I have succeeded” in the end.” in today’s organizations. Based on these quotes, it aims to measure the antecedents of success in organizations and the relationships between these variables. The Questionnaire was applied to 400 employees of industry companies working in Istanbul who accepted voluntary participation using convenience sampling method. The analysis of the validated data obtained from 367 employees revealed that liking and respect has a positive effect on trust and obedience to authority, trust and obedience to authority has a positive effect on work discipline, work discipline and self-efficacy has a positive effect on career success. The findings also revealed that self-efficacy has a moderating effect on the relationship between work discipline and career success. This research is one of the first studies on the empirical evidence of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’s quotes in the Turkish literature. We hope that these quotes of Atatürk will shed light on today’s organizations with its findings and will guide them in creating an organizational climate that includes mutual liking, respect, trust and emphasizing the importance of self-discipline and self-sufficiency.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Interpersonal liking, respect, trust, obedience to authority, work discipline, self-efficacy, perceived career success

Atatürk’ün Özdeyişleri ve Yönetim: Sevgi – Saygı, İtimat – İtaat, İş Disiplini ve Özyeterliliğin Algılanan Kariyer Başarısına Etkisi

Öz

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kurucusu Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün “Nerede karşılıklı sevgi ve saygı varsa, orada itimat ve itaat vardır. İtimat ve itaatin olduğu yerde disiplin vardır. Disiplinin olduğu yerde huzur, huzurun olduğu yerde başarı vardır.” ve “Zafer, zafer benimdir diyebilenindir. Başarı ise başaracağım diye başlayarak sonunda başardım diyenindir.” özdeyişlerinin günümüz örgütlerinde geçerliliğini irdeleyen bu çalışma, bu özdeyişlerden hareketle, örgütlerde başarının öncelleri ve bu değişkenlerin birbirleriyle ilişkilerini ölçmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile gönüllü katılımı kabul eden özel sektör sanayi kuruluşlarının İstanbul’da 400 çalışanına anket uygulanmıştır. Değerlendirmeye uygun 367 çalışandan elde edilen verilerin analizi sonucunda sevgi ve saygının itimat ve itaat, itimat ve itaatin iş disiplini, iş disiplini ve özyeterliliğin de algılanan kariyer başarısı üzerinde olumlu etkisi olduğu, aynı zamanda özyeterliliğin iş disiplini ve algılanan kariyer başarısı arasındaki ilişkide düzenleyici role sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu araştırma yerli alan yazında Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün özdeyişlerinin ampirik kanıtlarına dair yapılmış̧ ilk çalışmalardan biridir. Atatürk’ün bu özdeyişlerinin günümüz örgütlerine ışık tutarak, çalışma bulgularının örgütlerde karşılıklı sevgi, saygı, güven içeren bir örgüt iklimi yaratmak ve çalışanlara otoriteye itaat, öz disiplin ve özyeterliliğin önemini vurgulamak konusunda yol gösterici olacağını ümit ediyoruz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sevgi, saygı, güven, otoriteye itaat, iş disiplini, özyeterlilik, algılanan kariyer başarısı

Kaynakça

• Altuntaş, S. ve Baykal, U. (2010). Relationship between nurses’ organizational trust levels and their organizational citizenship behaviors, Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 42(2), 186–194.
• Anderson, B. (2016). Leadership series: Self-discipline. USA: SIGMA Assessment Systems, Inc.
• Arrow, K.J. (1974). The limits of organization. NewYork: Norton.
• Arthur, M.B., Khapova, S.N. ve Wilderom, C.P.M. (2005). Career success in a boundaryless career world, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(2), 177-202.
• Atatürk’ün Büyük Taarruz ve Kurtuluş Savaşı’nda Söylediği Sözler (2020, Ağustos 30). Atatürk’ün Büyük Taarruz ve Kurtuluş Savaşı’nda söylediği sözler. https://www.haberturk.com/zafer-zafer-benimdir-diyebilenindir-ataturk-un-buyuk-taarruz-ve-kurtulus-savasi-nda-soyledigi-sozler-2787843 (Erişim Tarihi: 30.09.2020)
• Aypay, A. (2010). The adaptation study of general self-efficacy (GSE) scale to Turkish, İnönü University Journal Of The Faculty Of Education, 11(2), 113-131.
• Bacharach, S.B., Bamberger, P.A. ve Vashdi, D. (2005). Diversity and homophily at work: Supportive relations among white and a peers, Academy of Management Journal, 48(4), 619 – 644.
• Backman, C. ve Secord, P. (1964). The compromise process and the affect structure of groups, Human Relations, 17(1), 19-22
• Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundation of thought and action: A Social-Cognitive View. Englewood Cliffs.
• Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. NewYork: Freeman.
• Bilginoğlu, E., Yozgat, U. ve Erdem Artan, İ. (2019). Atatürk’ün yönetim organizasyon alanına bir katkısı: Sevgi – saygı, itimat – itaat, iş disiplini, huzurun kariyer başarısı üzerindeki etkisi, 27. Ulusal Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi, 18-20 Nisan 2019 Antalya.
• Brower, H.H., Schoorman, F.D. ve Tan, H.H. (2000). A model of relational leadership: The integration of trust and leader-member exchange, Leadership Quarterly, 11(2), 227–250.
• Bruhn, J. (2009). The group effect: Social cohesion and health outcomes. USA: Springer Science+Business Media.
• Bulińska-Stangrecka, H. ve Bagieńska, A. (2018). Investigating the links of interpersonal trust in telecommunications companies, Sustainability, 10(7), 2555.
• Burns, T. ve Stalker, G.M. (1961). The management of innovation. London: Tavistock.
• Carmeli, A. ve Gittell, J. H. (2009). High quality relationships, psychological safety, and learning from failures in work organizations, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30, 709-729.
• Casciaro, T. ve Lobo, M.S. (2005, June). Competent jerks, lovable fools, and the formation of social networks. https://hbr.org/2005/06/competent-jerks-lovable-fools-and-the- formation-of-social-networks (Erişim Tarihi: 15.01.2019)
• Cialdini, R.B. ve Goldstein, N.J. (2004). Social influence: Compliance and conformity, Annual Review of Psychology, 55(1), 591–621.
• Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S.G. ve Aiken, L.S. (2003). Applied multiple regression / Correlation analysis in the behavioral sciences (3rd edition). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
• Collins, R. (1981). On the microfoundations of macrosociology, American Journal of Sociology, 86(5), 984–1014.
• Costa, P.T. ve Mccrae, R.R. (1995). Domains and facets: Hierarchical personality assessment using the revised neo personality inventory, Journal of Personality Assessment, 64(1), 21-50.
• Cushman, D.P. ve Cahn, D.D. (1985). Communication in interpersonal relationships. Albany: State University of Newyork Press.
• Dezoort, T. ve Roskos-Ewoldsen, D.R. (1997). The submissiveness to organizational authority scale as a measure of authoritarianism, Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 12(3), 651-670.
• Eby, L. T., Butts, M. ve Lockwood, A. (2003). Predictors of success in the era of the boundaryless career, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24(6), 689-708.
• Erdem, A.R. (2014). Atatürk’ün bilime verdiği önem: Bilimi ve bilimsel düşünceyi hayatta rehber edinmesi, Belgi, 8(2), 1033-1046.
• Fannin, J. (2017, December 06). Without self-discipline, you will fail! https://www.huffingtonpost.com/jim-fannin/without-selfdiscipline-yo_b_9163946.html (Erişim Tarihi: 05.03.2019)
• Fortin, D. (2016, December 14). Creating a workplace environment of mutual respect, https://www.predictiveindex.com/blog/creating-a-workplace-environment-of-mutual- respect/ (Erişim Tarihi: 15.01.2019)
• Franzoi, S.L. (1996). Social psychology. Madison, WI, US: Brown & Benchmark Publishers.
• Gittell, J. H. (2003). A theory of relational coordination. K. S. Cameron, J. E. Dutton ve R. E. Quinn (Ed.), Positive organizational scholarship: Foundations of a new discipline (ss. 279–295). San Francisco: Berrett- Koehler Publishers.
• Göksel, A. ve Aydıntan, B. (2012). Lider-üye etkileşimi düzeyinin örgütsel bağlılık üzerine etkisi: Görgül bir araştırma, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(2), 247-271.
• Greenhaus, J.H., Parasuraman, S. ve Wormley, W.M. (1990). Effect of race on organizational experiences, job performance evaluations, and career outcomes, Academy of Management Journal, 33(1), 64-86.
• Greenhaus, J.H., Callanan, G.A. ve Direnzo, M. (2008). A boundaryless perspective on careers. J. Barling ve C. L. Cooper (Ed.), The Sage handbook of organizational behavior: Volume one: Micro approaches (ss. 277-299). London: Sage Publications.
• Gülgöz, S. (2002). Five-factor model and NEO-PI-R in Turkey. A. J. Marsella, R. R. Mccrae ve J. Allik (Ed.), The five-factor model of personality across cultures (ss. 1-23). USA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
• Hair, J.F. Jr., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L. ve Black, W.C. (1995). Multivariate data analysis. (3rd edition) New York: Macmillan.
• Heslın, P.A. (2005). Conceptualizing and evaluating career success, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(2), 113-136.
• Hirschfeld, R.R. ve Feild, H.S. (2000). Work centrality and work alienation: Distinct aspects of a general commitment to work, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 789-80.
• Hobbes, T. (2011). Leviathan, parts I and II (Revised edition.) Canada: Broadview Editions.
• Hughes, E.C. (1937). Institutional office and the person, American Journal of Sociology, 43, 404-413.
• Ingram, D. (2011). A workplace of mutual respect. http://smallbusiness.chron.com/workplace-mutual-respect-11235.html (Erişim Tarihi: 05.03.2019)
• Jabbour, R. (2017, November 29). The importance of cultivating self-discipline. https://www.entrepreneur.com/Article/305350 (Erişim Tarihi: 27.10.2018)
• Jahoda, M. (1982). Employment and unemployment: A social-psychological analysis. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
• Jiayu, D., Qishan, C., Shuting, Y. ve Yue, X. (2017). Effect of leaders’ work engagement on followers’ subjective career success: A multi-level model, International Management Review, 13(2), 45-52.
• Jöreskog, K.G. ve Sörbom, D. (2006). Lisrel 8.80 for Windows. Lincolnwood, Il: Scientific Software International.
• Kahn, W. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work, The Academy of Management Journal, 33, 692-724.
• Ragins, B.R. ve Dutton, J. (2007). Positive relationships at work: An introduction and invitation. J. Dutton ve B.R. Ragins (Ed.), Exploring positive relationships at work: Building a theoretical and research foundation (ss. 3-25). New York: Lawrence Erlbaum.
• Köse, Ö. (2020, Mayıs 22). Turizm sektörünün hammaddesi insandır. https://www.gazetebir.com.tr/yazarlar/omer-kose/turizm-sektorunun-hammaddesi-insandir/7336/ (Erişim Tarihi: 30.09.2020)
• Kreitner, R. (2009). Management. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.
• Larson, C.E. ve Lafasto, F.M. (1989). Teamwork: What must go right / What can go wrong. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
• Laschinger, H.K.S. ve Finegan, J. (2005). Using empowerment to build trust and respect in the workplace: A strategy for addressing the nursing shortage, Nursing Economics, 23, 6–13.
• Lawrence, P.R. ve Lorsch, J.W. (1967). Organization and environment: Managing differentiation and integration. Boston: Harvard University Graduate School.
• Lewicka, D. (2015). Interpersonal trust at work and organisational and professional commitment interdependency model, Journal of Positive Management, 6(3), 83-100.
• Liebhart, M., Lorenzo, L.G. (2010). Between planned and emergent change: Decision maker’s perceptions of managing change in organisations, International Journal of Knowledge, Culture And Change Management, 10(5), 214-225.
• Maddux, J.E. (2009). Self-efficacy: The power of believeing you can. S.J. Lopez ve C.R. Snyder (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of positive psychology (ss. 335-344). NewYork: Oxford University Press.
• Meydan, C. H. ve Şeşen, H. (2011). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi Amos uygulamaları. Ankara: Detay.
• Morin, A. (2014, October 03). 6 ways to develop the self-discipline necessary to reach your goals. https://www.forbes.com/sites/amymorin/2014/10/03/6-ways-to-develop-the- self-discipline-necessary-to-reach-your-goals/#3b40d6502bb1 (Erişim Tarihi: 05.03.2019)
• Nicholson, C.Y., Compeau, L.D. ve Sethi, R. (2001). The role of interpersonal liking in building trust in long-term channel relationships, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 29(1), 3-15.
• Nicholson, P. ve Goh, S. (1983). The relationship of organization structure and interpersonal attitudes to role conflict and ambiguity in different work environments, The Academy of Management Journal, 26(1), 148-155.
• Packer, D.J. (2012). Conformity and Obedience. V.S. Ramachandran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of human behavior (2nd edition). (580-588) The Netherlands: Elsevier.
• Pellegrini, E.K. ve Scandura, T.A. (2006). Leader-member exchange (LMX), paternalism, and delegation in the Turkish business culture: An empirical investigation, Journal of International Business Studies, 37, 264-279.
• Podsakoff, P.M., Mackenzie, S.B., Lee, J.Y.ve Podsakoff, N.P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies, Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 879-903.
• Portıs, R. (2015). Fostering interpersonal trust as a norm in organizations: Five key starting points, Development and Learning in Organizations, 29(4), 10-13
• Preece, J. (2000). Online communities: Designing usability, supporting sociability. New York, NY: Wiley & Sons.
• Reich, T.C. ve Hershcovis, M.S. (2011). Interpersonal relationships at work. S. Zedeck (Ed.), APA handbook of industrial and organizational psychology, Vol. 3. (ss. 223–248). USA: American Psychological Association.
• Romppel, M., Herrmann-Lingen, C., Wachter, R., Edelmann, F., Düngen, H., Pieske, B. ve Grande, G. (2013). A short form of the general self-efficacy scale (GSE-6): Development, psychometric properties and validity in an intercultural non-clinical sample and a sample of patients at risk for heart failure, GMS Psycho-Social-Medicine, 10, 1-7.
• Rousseau, D.M., Sitkin, S., Burt, R.S., Farrell, C. ve Camerer, C.F. (1998). Not so different after all: A cross-discipline view of trust, The Academy of Management Review, 23(3), 393-404.
• Sapience (2012, September 21). Managers: Encourage self discipline in the workplace. https://sapienceanalytics.com/productivity-improvement/214-961-are-you- encouraging-self-discipline-at-workplace/ (Erişim Tarihi: 15.10.2020)
• Schutz, W. (1958). Firo: A three dimensional theory of interpersonal behaviour. New York: Holt, Rinehart&Winston.
• Schwarzer, R. ve Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized Self-efficacy Scale. J. Weinman, S. Wright ve M. Johnston (Ed.), Measures in health psychology: A user’s portfolio. Causal and Control Beliefs (ss. 35-37). Windsor, UK: NFER-Nelson.
• Seibert, S.E., Crant, J.M. ve Kraimer, M.L. (1999). Proactive personality and career success, Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(3), 416-427.
• Self Discipline: Definition and Examples. (2020, September 18). Self discipline: Definition and examples. https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/self- discipline (Erişim Tarihi: 10.10.2020)
• Singh, K. (2015). Organizational behaviour: Text and cases, (3rd edition). New Delhi: Vikas Publishing.
• Spears, R., Ellemers, N., Doosje, B. ve Branscombe, N.R. (2006). The individual within the group: Respect! T. Postmes ve J. Jetten (Ed.), Individuality and the group: Advances in social identity (ss. 175-195). London: Sage.
• Tezgel, İ. (2016). Akıl ve bilimin ışığında Atatürk gibi düşünmek. İstanbul: Altaylı Basın Yayın.
• Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (2019, Aralık 16). İşgücü istatistikleri, Eylül 2019. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/tr/display-bulletin/?bulletin=isgucu-istatistikleri-eylul-2019-30688# (Erişim Tarihi: 18.10.2020)
• Ulukök, E. ve Akın, A. (2016). İşkoliklik ve kariyer tatmini, IBAD Uluslararası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1(2), 62-71.
• Van Maanen, J. (1977). Experiencing organization: Notes on the meaning of careers and socialization. J. Van Maanen (Ed.), Organizational careers: Some new perspectives (ss. 15-48). New York: Wiley.
• Veksler, A.E. ve Eden, J. (2017). Measuring interpersonal liking as a cognitive evaluation: Development and validation of the IL-6, Western Journal of Communication, 81(5), 641-656.
• Yıldırım, F. ve İlhan, İ.Ö. (2010). Genel özyeterlilik ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması, Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 21(4), 301-308.