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Relations of Dysfunctional Romantic Beliefs with Ambivalent Sexism and Relationship Experience in University Students

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3, 635 - 653, 29.09.2020

Timuçin Aktan , Handesu Asker

https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.581151

Öz

Romantic beliefs are one of the important correlates of relationship expectancies. For that reason, unrealistic beliefs and expectations about relationships can harm relationship functionality. These kinds of dysfunctional beliefs about relationships seem to be in line with sexist beliefs which depict (romantic) female partner as weak and as in a need for protection. The aim of the study was to investigate the relations between sexism and dysfunctional romantic beliefs. One hundred and fifty students (102 females and 48 males) of a private university participated to the study. Participants completed "Romantic Beliefs Scale", "Ambivalent Sexism Inventory", "Ambivalence toward Men Inventory" and Demographic Information Form. Findings showed that benevolent sexist beliefs, but not hostile ones, towards both men and women predicted dysfunctional romantic beliefs. Findings were discussed in relation with gender and relationship experience.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Romantic beliefs ambivalent sexism relationship experience

Kaynakça

  • Barreto, M. ve Ellemers, N. (2005). The Burden of benevolent sexism: How it contributes to the maintenance of gender inequalities, European Journal of Social Psychology, 35: 633–642.
  • Bohner, G., Ahlborn, K. ve Steiner, R. (2010). How sexy are sexist men? Women’s perception of male response profiles in the ambivalent sexism inventory, Sex Roles, 62: 568–582.
  • Bradbury, T. N. ve Fincham, F. D. (1988). Individual difference variables in close relationships: A contextual model of marriage as an integrative framework, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54: 713–721.
  • Choo, P., Levine, T. ve Hatfield, E. (1996). Gender, love schemas, and reactions to romantic break-ups, Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 11: 143–160.
  • Christian, J. L., O'Leary, K. D., ve Vivian, D. (1994). Depressive symptomatology in maritally discordant women and men: The role of individual and relationship variables. Journal of Family Psychology, 8(1): 32–42.
  • De Lemus, S., Moya, M. ve Glick, P. (2010). When contact correlates with prejudice: Adolescents’ romantic relationship experience predicts greater benevolent sexism in boys and hostile sexism in girls, Sex Roles, 63: 214–225.
  • Dion, K. K. ve Dion, K. L. (1996). Cultural perspectives on romantic love, Personal Relationships, 3: 5-18.
  • Dumont, M., Sarlet, M. ve Dardenne, B. (2010). Be too kind to a woman, she’ll feel incompetent: benevolent sexism shifts self-construal and autobiographical memories toward incompetence, Sex Roles, 62: 545–553.
  • Eagly, A. H. ve Mladinic, A. (1994). Are people prejudiced against women? Some answers from research on attitudes, gender stereotypes, and judgments of competence, European Review of Social Psychology, 5(1): 1–35.
  • Eastwick, P. W., Eagly, A. H., Glick, P., Johannesen-Schmidt, M. C., Fiske, S. T. ve arkadaşları (2006), Is traditional gender ideology associated with sex-typed mate preferences? A test in nine nations, Sex Roles, 54: 603–614.
  • Epstein, N. ve Eidelson, R. (1981). Unrealistic beliefs of clinical couples: Their relationship to expectations, goals and satisfaction. American Journal of Family Therapy, 9: 13–22.
  • Gizir, C. A. (2013). Üniversite öğrencilerinin ilişki inançlarının cinsiyet ve romantik ilişki yaşama durumlarına göre incelenmesi, Eğitim ve Bilim, 38: 372-383.
  • Glick, P. ve Fiske, S. T. (1996). The ambivalent sexism inventory: differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(3): 491–512.
  • Glick, P. ve Fiske, S. T. (2001). An ambivalent alliance, American Psychologist, 56 (2): 109–118.
  • Glick, P., Fiske, S. T., Mladinic, A., Saiz, J. L., Abrams, D., Masser, B. ve arkadaşları (2000). Beyond prejudice as simple antipathy: Hostile and benevolent sexism across cultures, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75: 763–775.
  • Glick, P., Lameriras, M., Fiske, S. T., Eckes, T., Masser, B., Volpato, C., Manganelli, A. M., Pek, J., Huang, L-l., Sakalli- Ugurlu, N., Rodriguez Castro, Y. R., D’Avila Pereira, M. L., Willemsen, A. B., Six-Materna, I. ve Wells, R. (2004). Bad but bold: Ambivalent attitudes toward men predict gender inequality in 16 nations, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86: 713-728.
  • Glick, P., Sakallı-Uğurlu, N., Ferreira, M. C. ve Aguiar de Souza, M. (2002). Ambivalent sexism and attitudes toward wife abuse in turkey and brazil, Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26(4): 292–297.
  • Glick, P. ve Fiske, S. T. (1999). The ambivalence toward men inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent beliefs about men, Psychology of Women Quarterly, 23: 519–536.
  • Good, J. J. ve Sanchez, D. T. (2009). Communal stereotypes prime men’s benevolent sexism: Implications for romance and family, Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 10 (1): 88–94.
  • Hammond, M. D. ve Overall, N. C. (2013). When relationships do not live up to benevolent ideals: Women’s benevolent sexism and sensitivity to relationship problems, European Journal of Social Psychology, 43: 212–223.
  • Jost, J. T. ve Kay, A. C. (2005). Exposure to benevolent sexism and complementary gender stereotypes: Consequences for specific and diffuse forms of system justification, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(3): 498–509.
  • Karabacak, A. ve Çiftçi, M. (2016). Üniversite öğrencilerinin evliliğe ilişkin tutumları ile romantik ilişkilerde akılcı olmayan inançları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi, Psikoloji Çalışmaları, 36(2): 25-43.
  • Kaygusuz, C. (2013). Irrational beliefs and abuse in university students' romantic relations, Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 51: 141-156.
  • Küçükarslan, M. (2011). Mersin Üniversitesi Öğrencilerinin Romantik İlişkilere Yönelik İnanaçlarinin Cinsiyet, Sinif Düzeyi ve Romantik İlişki Yaşama Durumuna Göre İncelenmesi, Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Mersin.
  • Lee, T. L., Fiske, S. T., Glick, P. ve Chen, Z. (2010). Ambivalent Sexism in close relationships: (hostile) power and (benevolent) romance shape relationship ideals, Sex Roles, 62: 583–601.
  • Medora, N.P., Larson, J. H., Hortaçsu, N. ve Dave, P. (2002). Perceived attitudes towards romanticism: a cross- cultural study of american, asian-indian, and turkish young adults, Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 33 (2): 155-178.
  • Metts, S. ve Cupach, W. R. (1990). The influence of relationship beliefs and problem-solving responses on satisfaction in romantic relationships, Human Communication Research, 17: 170–185.
  • Moller, A. T. ve Van Zyl, P. D. (1991). Relationship beliefs, interpersonal perception, and marital adjustment, Journal of Clinical Psychology, 47: 28–33.
  • Moya, M., Glick, P., Expósito, F., de Lemus, S. ve Hart, J. (2007). It’s for your own good: Benevolent sexism and women’s reactions to protectively justified restrictions, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33: 1421–1434.
  • Murray, S. L. ve Holmes, J. G. (1997). A leap of faith? Positive illusions in romantic relationships, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(6): 586-604.
  • Ondaş, B. (2007). Üniversite öğrencilerinin evlilik ve eş seçimi ile ilgili görüşlerinin incelenmesi, Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara.
  • Sakallı-Uğurlu, N. (2002). Çelişik duygulu cinsiyetçilik ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması, Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 17(49): 47-58.
  • Sakallı-Uğurlu, N. (2008). Erkeklere ilişkin çelişik duygular ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması, Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 11(21): 1-11.
  • Sharp, E. A. ve Ganong, L. H. (2000). Raising awareness about marital expectations: Are unrealistic beliefs changed by integrative teaching? Family Relations, 49(1): 71-76.
  • Sprecher, S. ve Metts, S. (1989). Development of the romantic beliefs scale and examination of the effects of gender and gender-role orientation, Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 6: 387-411.
  • Sprecher, S. ve Metts, S. (1999). Romantic beliefs: their influence on relationships and patterns of change over time, Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 16(6): 834-851.
  • Stackert, R.A. ve Bursik, K. (2003). Why am I unsatisfied? Adult attachment style, gendered irrational relationship beliefs, and young adult romantic relationship satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 34 (8): 1419-1429.
  • Tanner, L. R., Haddock, S. A., Zimmerman, T. S. ve Lund, L. K. (2003). Images of couples and families in disney feature-length animated films, American Journal of Family Therapy, 31: 355-373.
  • Travaglia, L. K., Overall, N. C. ve Sibley, C. G. (2009). Benevolent and hostile sexism and preferences for romantic partners, Personality and Individual Differences, 47: 599–604.
  • Türkarslan, N. ve Suleymanov, A. (2010). Üniversite son sınıf öğrencilerinin evlilik konusundaki görüş ve düşünceleri - Azerbaycan ve Türkiye karşılaştırması, Karadeniz Dergisi, 5: 54-66.
  • Viki, G. T., Abrams, D. ve Hutchison P. (2003). The “true” romantic: Benevolent sexism and paternalistic chivalry, Sex Roles, 49: 533-537.
  • Weaver, S. E. ve Ganong, L. H. (2004). The Factor Structure of the Romantic Beliefs Scale for African Americans and European Americans. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 21 (2): 171-185.
  • Wood, W., Rhodes, N. ve Whelan, M. (1989). Sex differences in positive well-being: A consideration of emotional style and marital status, Psychological Bulletin, 106: 249–264.

Üniversite Öğrencilerinde İşlevsel Olmayan Romantik İnançlarla Çelişik Duygulu Cinsiyetçiliğin ve İlişki Deneyiminin İlişkisi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3, 635 - 653, 29.09.2020

Timuçin Aktan , Handesu Asker

https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.581151

Öz

Romantik inançlar, kişinin ilişkiden beklentilerini belirlemekte ve bu beklentilerin gerçekçi olmaması ilişkinin işlevselliğini bozabilmektedir. İşlevsel olmayan romantik inançlar, kadınların zayıf ve korunmaya muhtaç olduğuna dair cinsiyetçi inançlarla paralellik göstermektedir. Bu doğrultuda, bu araştırmada üniversite öğrencilerinin işlevsel olmayan romantik inançlarıyla cinsiyetçiliğin ilişkisini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, bir vakıf üniversitesinin çeşitli bölümlerinde okuyan 102 kadın ve 48 erkek olmak üzere toplam 150 katılımcıyla yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılardan, "Romantik İnançlar Ölçeği", "Çelişik Duygulu Cinsiyetçilik Ölçeği" ve "Erkeklere İlişkin Çelişik Duygular Ölçeği" ile birlikte demografik bilgi formunu doldurmaları istenmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları hem erkeklere hem de kadınlara yönelik korumacı tutumların gerçekçi olmayan romantik inançları pozitif yönde yordadığını göstermiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, cinsiyet ve ilişki deneyimi değişkenleriyle ilişkilendirilerek tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Romantik inançlar çelişik duygulu cinsiyetçilik ilişki deneyimi

Kaynakça

  • Barreto, M. ve Ellemers, N. (2005). The Burden of benevolent sexism: How it contributes to the maintenance of gender inequalities, European Journal of Social Psychology, 35: 633–642.
  • Bohner, G., Ahlborn, K. ve Steiner, R. (2010). How sexy are sexist men? Women’s perception of male response profiles in the ambivalent sexism inventory, Sex Roles, 62: 568–582.
  • Bradbury, T. N. ve Fincham, F. D. (1988). Individual difference variables in close relationships: A contextual model of marriage as an integrative framework, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54: 713–721.
  • Choo, P., Levine, T. ve Hatfield, E. (1996). Gender, love schemas, and reactions to romantic break-ups, Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 11: 143–160.
  • Christian, J. L., O'Leary, K. D., ve Vivian, D. (1994). Depressive symptomatology in maritally discordant women and men: The role of individual and relationship variables. Journal of Family Psychology, 8(1): 32–42.
  • De Lemus, S., Moya, M. ve Glick, P. (2010). When contact correlates with prejudice: Adolescents’ romantic relationship experience predicts greater benevolent sexism in boys and hostile sexism in girls, Sex Roles, 63: 214–225.
  • Dion, K. K. ve Dion, K. L. (1996). Cultural perspectives on romantic love, Personal Relationships, 3: 5-18.
  • Dumont, M., Sarlet, M. ve Dardenne, B. (2010). Be too kind to a woman, she’ll feel incompetent: benevolent sexism shifts self-construal and autobiographical memories toward incompetence, Sex Roles, 62: 545–553.
  • Eagly, A. H. ve Mladinic, A. (1994). Are people prejudiced against women? Some answers from research on attitudes, gender stereotypes, and judgments of competence, European Review of Social Psychology, 5(1): 1–35.
  • Eastwick, P. W., Eagly, A. H., Glick, P., Johannesen-Schmidt, M. C., Fiske, S. T. ve arkadaşları (2006), Is traditional gender ideology associated with sex-typed mate preferences? A test in nine nations, Sex Roles, 54: 603–614.
  • Epstein, N. ve Eidelson, R. (1981). Unrealistic beliefs of clinical couples: Their relationship to expectations, goals and satisfaction. American Journal of Family Therapy, 9: 13–22.
  • Gizir, C. A. (2013). Üniversite öğrencilerinin ilişki inançlarının cinsiyet ve romantik ilişki yaşama durumlarına göre incelenmesi, Eğitim ve Bilim, 38: 372-383.
  • Glick, P. ve Fiske, S. T. (1996). The ambivalent sexism inventory: differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(3): 491–512.
  • Glick, P. ve Fiske, S. T. (2001). An ambivalent alliance, American Psychologist, 56 (2): 109–118.
  • Glick, P., Fiske, S. T., Mladinic, A., Saiz, J. L., Abrams, D., Masser, B. ve arkadaşları (2000). Beyond prejudice as simple antipathy: Hostile and benevolent sexism across cultures, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75: 763–775.
  • Glick, P., Lameriras, M., Fiske, S. T., Eckes, T., Masser, B., Volpato, C., Manganelli, A. M., Pek, J., Huang, L-l., Sakalli- Ugurlu, N., Rodriguez Castro, Y. R., D’Avila Pereira, M. L., Willemsen, A. B., Six-Materna, I. ve Wells, R. (2004). Bad but bold: Ambivalent attitudes toward men predict gender inequality in 16 nations, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86: 713-728.
  • Glick, P., Sakallı-Uğurlu, N., Ferreira, M. C. ve Aguiar de Souza, M. (2002). Ambivalent sexism and attitudes toward wife abuse in turkey and brazil, Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26(4): 292–297.
  • Glick, P. ve Fiske, S. T. (1999). The ambivalence toward men inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent beliefs about men, Psychology of Women Quarterly, 23: 519–536.
  • Good, J. J. ve Sanchez, D. T. (2009). Communal stereotypes prime men’s benevolent sexism: Implications for romance and family, Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 10 (1): 88–94.
  • Hammond, M. D. ve Overall, N. C. (2013). When relationships do not live up to benevolent ideals: Women’s benevolent sexism and sensitivity to relationship problems, European Journal of Social Psychology, 43: 212–223.
  • Jost, J. T. ve Kay, A. C. (2005). Exposure to benevolent sexism and complementary gender stereotypes: Consequences for specific and diffuse forms of system justification, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(3): 498–509.
  • Karabacak, A. ve Çiftçi, M. (2016). Üniversite öğrencilerinin evliliğe ilişkin tutumları ile romantik ilişkilerde akılcı olmayan inançları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi, Psikoloji Çalışmaları, 36(2): 25-43.
  • Kaygusuz, C. (2013). Irrational beliefs and abuse in university students' romantic relations, Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 51: 141-156.
  • Küçükarslan, M. (2011). Mersin Üniversitesi Öğrencilerinin Romantik İlişkilere Yönelik İnanaçlarinin Cinsiyet, Sinif Düzeyi ve Romantik İlişki Yaşama Durumuna Göre İncelenmesi, Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Mersin.
  • Lee, T. L., Fiske, S. T., Glick, P. ve Chen, Z. (2010). Ambivalent Sexism in close relationships: (hostile) power and (benevolent) romance shape relationship ideals, Sex Roles, 62: 583–601.
  • Medora, N.P., Larson, J. H., Hortaçsu, N. ve Dave, P. (2002). Perceived attitudes towards romanticism: a cross- cultural study of american, asian-indian, and turkish young adults, Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 33 (2): 155-178.
  • Metts, S. ve Cupach, W. R. (1990). The influence of relationship beliefs and problem-solving responses on satisfaction in romantic relationships, Human Communication Research, 17: 170–185.
  • Moller, A. T. ve Van Zyl, P. D. (1991). Relationship beliefs, interpersonal perception, and marital adjustment, Journal of Clinical Psychology, 47: 28–33.
  • Moya, M., Glick, P., Expósito, F., de Lemus, S. ve Hart, J. (2007). It’s for your own good: Benevolent sexism and women’s reactions to protectively justified restrictions, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33: 1421–1434.
  • Murray, S. L. ve Holmes, J. G. (1997). A leap of faith? Positive illusions in romantic relationships, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(6): 586-604.
  • Ondaş, B. (2007). Üniversite öğrencilerinin evlilik ve eş seçimi ile ilgili görüşlerinin incelenmesi, Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara.
  • Sakallı-Uğurlu, N. (2002). Çelişik duygulu cinsiyetçilik ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması, Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 17(49): 47-58.
  • Sakallı-Uğurlu, N. (2008). Erkeklere ilişkin çelişik duygular ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması, Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 11(21): 1-11.
  • Sharp, E. A. ve Ganong, L. H. (2000). Raising awareness about marital expectations: Are unrealistic beliefs changed by integrative teaching? Family Relations, 49(1): 71-76.
  • Sprecher, S. ve Metts, S. (1989). Development of the romantic beliefs scale and examination of the effects of gender and gender-role orientation, Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 6: 387-411.
  • Sprecher, S. ve Metts, S. (1999). Romantic beliefs: their influence on relationships and patterns of change over time, Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 16(6): 834-851.
  • Stackert, R.A. ve Bursik, K. (2003). Why am I unsatisfied? Adult attachment style, gendered irrational relationship beliefs, and young adult romantic relationship satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 34 (8): 1419-1429.
  • Tanner, L. R., Haddock, S. A., Zimmerman, T. S. ve Lund, L. K. (2003). Images of couples and families in disney feature-length animated films, American Journal of Family Therapy, 31: 355-373.
  • Travaglia, L. K., Overall, N. C. ve Sibley, C. G. (2009). Benevolent and hostile sexism and preferences for romantic partners, Personality and Individual Differences, 47: 599–604.
  • Türkarslan, N. ve Suleymanov, A. (2010). Üniversite son sınıf öğrencilerinin evlilik konusundaki görüş ve düşünceleri - Azerbaycan ve Türkiye karşılaştırması, Karadeniz Dergisi, 5: 54-66.
  • Viki, G. T., Abrams, D. ve Hutchison P. (2003). The “true” romantic: Benevolent sexism and paternalistic chivalry, Sex Roles, 49: 533-537.
  • Weaver, S. E. ve Ganong, L. H. (2004). The Factor Structure of the Romantic Beliefs Scale for African Americans and European Americans. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 21 (2): 171-185.
  • Wood, W., Rhodes, N. ve Whelan, M. (1989). Sex differences in positive well-being: A consideration of emotional style and marital status, Psychological Bulletin, 106: 249–264.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Felsefe
Yazarlar

Timuçin Aktan 0000-0001-8159-9278

Handesu Asker Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-1509-0569

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Eylül 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Haziran 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Aktan, T., & Asker, H. (2020). Üniversite Öğrencilerinde İşlevsel Olmayan Romantik İnançlarla Çelişik Duygulu Cinsiyetçiliğin ve İlişki Deneyiminin İlişkisi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(3), 635-653. https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.581151
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