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Manisa OSB Zihinsel Engelliler Korumalı İşyeri Çalışanlarının ve Ailelerinin İstihdam Deneyimleri ve Düşünceleri

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3, 1195 - 1211, 27.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1205779

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Manisa Organize Sanayi Bölgesi’nde (MOSB/Türkiye) kurulmuş olan Zihinsel Engelliler Korumalı İşyeri Merkezi (ZEKİ) bünyesinde atölyelerde çalışan zihinsel yetersizliği olan çalışanların ve ailelerinin korumalı iş yeri deneyimlerinin yaşamlarına etkisinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını 28 zihinsel yetersizliği olan çalışan ve 24 aile üyesi (anne, baba, kardeş) oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın verileri araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanmış olan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formları kullanılarak tüm katılımcılar ile yapılan bireysel görüşmeler ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Zihinsel yetersizliği olan çalışanların görüşleri ZEKİ ve Çalışma Deneyimi, Sosyal Hayat ve Bağımsız Yaşam ve Ekonomik Özgürlük temaları, çalışanların ailelerinin görüşleri ZEKİ Öncesi Yaşam, ZEKİ’nin Hayatlarına Etkisi ve ZEKİ Hakkında Görüşler temaları altında incelenmiştir. Bulgular zihinsel yetersizliği olan çalışanların korumalı işyerinde çalışmaya yönelik önemli düzeyde bir motivasyona sahip olduklarını ve çalışma hayatının çalışanlara, sosyal ve ekonomik olarak olumlu katkılarının olduğunu göstermektedir. Zihinsel yetersizliği olan çalışanların farklı düzeylerde bağımsız yaşam becerileri açısından ailelerinden destek aldıkları görülmüştür. Çocuklarının çalışmasının ailelerin yaşamlarını ekonomik, sosyal bağlamda anlamlı düzeyde değiştirdiği ve yaşam kalitelerini arttırdığı belirlenmiştir. Aileler çocuklarının korumalı iş yerinde çalışma şansı elde etmesinin kendilerini mutlu ettiğini ve günlük yaşamlarını farklılaştırdığını vurgulamışlardır. Bulgular katılımcıların yanıtlarından doğrudan alıntılar ile bulgular bölümünde ayrıntılı olarak verilerek tartışma bölümünde ilgili alan yazın, özel eğitimde mesleki eğitim ve özel gereksinimli bireylerin istihdamı bağlamında tartışılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Aile ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı (2022). Engelli ve Yaşlı İstatistik Bülteni Ağustos 2022. Retrived from https://www.aile.gov.tr/eyhgm/sayfalar/istatistikler/engelli-ve-yasli-istatistik-bulteni/
  • Akkerman, A., Janssen, C. G., Kef, S., & Meininger, H. P. (2014). Perspectives of employees with intellectual disabilities on themes relevant to their job satisfaction. An explorative study using photovoice. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 27(6), 542-554.
  • Baran, N. ve Cavkaytar, A. (2007). İşverenlerin zihin engelli bireylerin istihdamlarına ilişkin görüş ve önerileri. İlköğretim Online, 6(2), 213-225.
  • Carter, E. W., Bendetson, S., & Guiden, C. H. (2018). Family Perspectives on the Appeals of and Alternatives to Sheltered Employment for Individuals with Severe Disabilities. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 43(3), 221–243. https://doi.org/10.1177/1540796918778293
  • Carter, E. W., Awsumb, J. M., Schutz, M. A., & McMillan, E. D. (2021). Preparing youth for the world of work: Educator perspectives on pre-employment transition services. Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals, 44(3), 161-173.
  • Cimera, R. E., Wehman, P., West, M., & Burgess, S. (2012). Do sheltered workshops enhance employment outcomes for adults with autism spectrum disorder?. Autism, 16(1), 87-94. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361311408129 Çavuş, Ö. H. ve Tekin, A. (2015). Türkiye’de engellilerin istihdam yöntemi olarak korumalı işyeri. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(1), 145-165.
  • Dague, B. (2012). Sheltered employment, sheltered lives: Family perspectives of conversion to community-based employment. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 37(1), 1-11.
  • Ferrer, F., Vilaseca, R., & Bersabé, R. M. (2016). The impact of demographic characteristics and the positive perceptions of parents on quality of life in families with a member with intellectual disability. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 28(6), 871-888. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-016-9515-z
  • Gill, M. (2005). The myth of transition: Contractualizing disability in the sheltered workshop. Disability & Society, 20(6), 613-623. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687590500248399
  • Gilson, C. B., Carter, E. W., Bumble, J. L., & McMillan, E. D. (2018). Family Perspectives on Integrated Employment for Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 43(1), 20–37. https://doi.org/10.1177/1540796917751134
  • Gülsün, İ. ve Cavkaytar, A. (2021). Zihinsel yetersizliği olan çocuk ailelerinin aile yaşam kalitesine ilişkin sistematik bir derleme . Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi , 30th National Special Education Congress Special Issue , 38-83 . DOI: 10.19171/uefad.837001
  • Güneş, N. ve Akçamete, G. (2014). Özel gereksinimi olan bireylerin mesleki istihdamı Çorum ili örneği. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 15(03), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1501/Ozlegt_0000000211
  • Hemphill, E., & Kulik, C. T. (2017). The tyranny of fit: Yet another barrier to mainstream employment for disabled people in sheltered employment. Social Policy & Administration, 51(7), 1119-1134. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12220
  • Holmqvist, M. (2010). The ‘active welfare state’and its consequences: A case study of sheltered employment in Sweden. European Societies, 12(2), 209-230. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616690903388960
  • Huberman, A. M., & Miles, M. B. (1994). Data management and analysis methods. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 428-444). Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Kim, H. W., Greenberg, J. S., Seltzer, M. M., & Krauss, M. W. (2003). The role of coping in maintaining the psychological well‐being of mothers of adults with intellectual disability and mental illness. Journal of intellectual disability research, 47(4‐5), 313-327.
  • Kim, J., Kim, H., Park, S., Yoo, J., & Gelegjamts, D. (2021). Mediating effects of family functioning on the relationship between care burden and family quality of life of caregivers of children with intellectual disabilities in Mongolia. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 34(2), 507-515.https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12814
  • Kuznetsova, Y., & Yalcin, B. (2017). Inclusion of persons with disabilities in mainstream employment: is it really all about the money? A case study of four large companies in Norway and Sweden. Disability & Society, 32(2), 233-253. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2017.1281794
  • McGlinchey, E., McCallion, P., Burke, E., Carroll, R., & McCarron, M. (2013). Exploring the Issue of Employment for Adults with an Intellectual Disability in Ireland. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 26(4), 335-343. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12046
  • Migliore, A., Mank, D., Grossi, T., & Rogan, P. (2007). Integrated employment or sheltered workshops: Preferences of adults with intellectual disabilities, their families, and staff. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 26(1), 5-19.
  • Migliore, A., Grossi, T., Mank, D., & Rogan, P. (2008). Why do adults with intellectual disabilities work in sheltered workshops?. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 28(1), 29-40.
  • Nettles, J. L. (2013). From sheltered workshops to integrated employment: A long transition. LC Journal of Special Education, 8(1), 1-27.
  • Orhan, S. (2013). Türkiye’de Özürlü Dostu İstihdam Politikaları Durum Analizi ve Öneriler. Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı, Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Eğitim ve Araştırma Merkezi Yayınları, Yayın No:35, Ankara.
  • Özbek, A. B., Girli, A., & Öztürk, H. (2017). Investigating the Opinions of Teachers on the Processes of Vocational Counselling, Training and Employment of Special Needs Students. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 5(12), 41-50.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2001). How to use qualitative methods in evaluation (3rd ed.). Sage Publications Ltd.
  • Riesen, T., Snyder, A., Byers, R., Keaton, B., & Inge, K. (2023). An updated review of the customized employment literature. Journal of Vocational Education, 58(1), 27-38.
  • Schur, L. (2002). The difference a job makes: The effects of employment among people with disabilities. Journal of Economic Issues, 36(2), 339-347.
  • Siperstein, G. N., Heyman, M., & Stokes, J. E. (2014). Pathways to employment: A national survey of adults with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 41(3), 165-178.
  • Taylor-Gooby, P., Gumy, J. M., & Otto, A. (2015). Can ‘New Welfare’address poverty through more and better jobs?. Journal of Social Policy, 44(1), 83-104. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047279414000403
  • Tuckerman, P., Cain, P., Long, B., & Klarkowski, J. (2012). An exploration of trends in open employment in Australia since 1986. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 37(3), 173-183.
  • Turnbull, H. R., Turnbull, A. P., Wehmeyer, M. L., & Park, J. (2003). A Quality of Life Framework for Special Education Outcomes. Remedial and Special Education, 24(2), 67–74.
  • Wass, S., Safari, M. C., Haugland, S., & Omland, H. O. (2021). Transitions from school to sheltered employment in Norway–Experiences of people with intellectual disabilities. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 49(3), 373-382. https://doi.org/10.1111/bld.12414
  • Wong, S. S., Ong, K. R., Teo, C. H. X., Ng, J. Y., Gwee, A. J., & Toh, A. Y. (2021). Development and validation of an instrument to assess work support needs of adults with intellectual disabilities in sheltered employment. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 34(1), 295-306. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12807
  • Yıldırım, A., ve Şimşek, H. (2011). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri (Qualitative research methods) (8th Edition). Seçkin Yayıncılık.

Thoughts and Employment Experiences of Workers and Their Families in Manisa OSB Sheltered Workplace

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3, 1195 - 1211, 27.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1205779

Öz

The aim of this study is to examine the sheltered workplace experiences of the employees with intellectual disabilities and their families views towards working in the Workshop for Intellectual Disabled Life Center (ZEKİ), which was established by Manisa Organized Industrial Zone (MOSB/Turkey). 28 employees with intellectual disability and 24 family member (mother, father, siblings) participated in the study. The data of the study were collected through semi-structured interview forms prepared by the researchers. Interviews were conducted individually with all participants in a quiet environment. Descriptive analysis method was used in the analysis of the data. Findings show that employees with intellectual disabilities have a significant motivation to work in a sheltered workplace and that working life has positive social and economic contributions to employees. It has been determined that the employment of their children significantly changes the lives of families in the economic and social context and increases their quality of life. Families expressed positive opinions about working and employment and but safety concern is a prominent finding. Findings were given in detail in the findings section with direct quotations from the answers of the participants. Findings discussed in the discussion section in the context of the vocational training in special education and employment of individuals with special needs.

Kaynakça

  • Aile ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı (2022). Engelli ve Yaşlı İstatistik Bülteni Ağustos 2022. Retrived from https://www.aile.gov.tr/eyhgm/sayfalar/istatistikler/engelli-ve-yasli-istatistik-bulteni/
  • Akkerman, A., Janssen, C. G., Kef, S., & Meininger, H. P. (2014). Perspectives of employees with intellectual disabilities on themes relevant to their job satisfaction. An explorative study using photovoice. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 27(6), 542-554.
  • Baran, N. ve Cavkaytar, A. (2007). İşverenlerin zihin engelli bireylerin istihdamlarına ilişkin görüş ve önerileri. İlköğretim Online, 6(2), 213-225.
  • Carter, E. W., Bendetson, S., & Guiden, C. H. (2018). Family Perspectives on the Appeals of and Alternatives to Sheltered Employment for Individuals with Severe Disabilities. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 43(3), 221–243. https://doi.org/10.1177/1540796918778293
  • Carter, E. W., Awsumb, J. M., Schutz, M. A., & McMillan, E. D. (2021). Preparing youth for the world of work: Educator perspectives on pre-employment transition services. Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals, 44(3), 161-173.
  • Cimera, R. E., Wehman, P., West, M., & Burgess, S. (2012). Do sheltered workshops enhance employment outcomes for adults with autism spectrum disorder?. Autism, 16(1), 87-94. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361311408129 Çavuş, Ö. H. ve Tekin, A. (2015). Türkiye’de engellilerin istihdam yöntemi olarak korumalı işyeri. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(1), 145-165.
  • Dague, B. (2012). Sheltered employment, sheltered lives: Family perspectives of conversion to community-based employment. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 37(1), 1-11.
  • Ferrer, F., Vilaseca, R., & Bersabé, R. M. (2016). The impact of demographic characteristics and the positive perceptions of parents on quality of life in families with a member with intellectual disability. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 28(6), 871-888. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-016-9515-z
  • Gill, M. (2005). The myth of transition: Contractualizing disability in the sheltered workshop. Disability & Society, 20(6), 613-623. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687590500248399
  • Gilson, C. B., Carter, E. W., Bumble, J. L., & McMillan, E. D. (2018). Family Perspectives on Integrated Employment for Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 43(1), 20–37. https://doi.org/10.1177/1540796917751134
  • Gülsün, İ. ve Cavkaytar, A. (2021). Zihinsel yetersizliği olan çocuk ailelerinin aile yaşam kalitesine ilişkin sistematik bir derleme . Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi , 30th National Special Education Congress Special Issue , 38-83 . DOI: 10.19171/uefad.837001
  • Güneş, N. ve Akçamete, G. (2014). Özel gereksinimi olan bireylerin mesleki istihdamı Çorum ili örneği. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 15(03), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1501/Ozlegt_0000000211
  • Hemphill, E., & Kulik, C. T. (2017). The tyranny of fit: Yet another barrier to mainstream employment for disabled people in sheltered employment. Social Policy & Administration, 51(7), 1119-1134. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12220
  • Holmqvist, M. (2010). The ‘active welfare state’and its consequences: A case study of sheltered employment in Sweden. European Societies, 12(2), 209-230. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616690903388960
  • Huberman, A. M., & Miles, M. B. (1994). Data management and analysis methods. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 428-444). Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Kim, H. W., Greenberg, J. S., Seltzer, M. M., & Krauss, M. W. (2003). The role of coping in maintaining the psychological well‐being of mothers of adults with intellectual disability and mental illness. Journal of intellectual disability research, 47(4‐5), 313-327.
  • Kim, J., Kim, H., Park, S., Yoo, J., & Gelegjamts, D. (2021). Mediating effects of family functioning on the relationship between care burden and family quality of life of caregivers of children with intellectual disabilities in Mongolia. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 34(2), 507-515.https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12814
  • Kuznetsova, Y., & Yalcin, B. (2017). Inclusion of persons with disabilities in mainstream employment: is it really all about the money? A case study of four large companies in Norway and Sweden. Disability & Society, 32(2), 233-253. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2017.1281794
  • McGlinchey, E., McCallion, P., Burke, E., Carroll, R., & McCarron, M. (2013). Exploring the Issue of Employment for Adults with an Intellectual Disability in Ireland. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 26(4), 335-343. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12046
  • Migliore, A., Mank, D., Grossi, T., & Rogan, P. (2007). Integrated employment or sheltered workshops: Preferences of adults with intellectual disabilities, their families, and staff. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 26(1), 5-19.
  • Migliore, A., Grossi, T., Mank, D., & Rogan, P. (2008). Why do adults with intellectual disabilities work in sheltered workshops?. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 28(1), 29-40.
  • Nettles, J. L. (2013). From sheltered workshops to integrated employment: A long transition. LC Journal of Special Education, 8(1), 1-27.
  • Orhan, S. (2013). Türkiye’de Özürlü Dostu İstihdam Politikaları Durum Analizi ve Öneriler. Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı, Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Eğitim ve Araştırma Merkezi Yayınları, Yayın No:35, Ankara.
  • Özbek, A. B., Girli, A., & Öztürk, H. (2017). Investigating the Opinions of Teachers on the Processes of Vocational Counselling, Training and Employment of Special Needs Students. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 5(12), 41-50.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2001). How to use qualitative methods in evaluation (3rd ed.). Sage Publications Ltd.
  • Riesen, T., Snyder, A., Byers, R., Keaton, B., & Inge, K. (2023). An updated review of the customized employment literature. Journal of Vocational Education, 58(1), 27-38.
  • Schur, L. (2002). The difference a job makes: The effects of employment among people with disabilities. Journal of Economic Issues, 36(2), 339-347.
  • Siperstein, G. N., Heyman, M., & Stokes, J. E. (2014). Pathways to employment: A national survey of adults with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 41(3), 165-178.
  • Taylor-Gooby, P., Gumy, J. M., & Otto, A. (2015). Can ‘New Welfare’address poverty through more and better jobs?. Journal of Social Policy, 44(1), 83-104. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047279414000403
  • Tuckerman, P., Cain, P., Long, B., & Klarkowski, J. (2012). An exploration of trends in open employment in Australia since 1986. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 37(3), 173-183.
  • Turnbull, H. R., Turnbull, A. P., Wehmeyer, M. L., & Park, J. (2003). A Quality of Life Framework for Special Education Outcomes. Remedial and Special Education, 24(2), 67–74.
  • Wass, S., Safari, M. C., Haugland, S., & Omland, H. O. (2021). Transitions from school to sheltered employment in Norway–Experiences of people with intellectual disabilities. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 49(3), 373-382. https://doi.org/10.1111/bld.12414
  • Wong, S. S., Ong, K. R., Teo, C. H. X., Ng, J. Y., Gwee, A. J., & Toh, A. Y. (2021). Development and validation of an instrument to assess work support needs of adults with intellectual disabilities in sheltered employment. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 34(1), 295-306. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12807
  • Yıldırım, A., ve Şimşek, H. (2011). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri (Qualitative research methods) (8th Edition). Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Zihinsel Engelli Eğitimi
Bölüm İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler
Yazarlar

Alev Girli 0000-0002-4146-3103

Ahmet Bilal Özbek 0000-0002-0200-4932

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Eylül 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Kasım 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Girli, A., & Özbek, A. B. (2024). Manisa OSB Zihinsel Engelliler Korumalı İşyeri Çalışanlarının ve Ailelerinin İstihdam Deneyimleri ve Düşünceleri. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 26(3), 1195-1211. https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1205779