The Importance of GRP Composite Material in Liquid Fertilizer Tanks and Production Optimization of the Tanks

Yıl 2024, , 37 - 48, 15.06.2024

Mehmet Çakmakkaya , Mert Güvenç

https://doi.org/10.53448/akuumubd.1447926

Öz

Kompozit malzemeler sahip oldukları üstün özelliklerden dolayı imalat sektöründe birçok alanda oldukça yaygın kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada cam elyaf takviyeli plastik (CPT) kompozit malzemeden tarım sektöründe sıvı gübrelerin taşınmasında kullanılan tanker imalatı ve optimizasyonu çalışılmıştır. Özellikle bitkilerin gelişiminde organik gübre kullanımına önem verilmektedirler. Gübre içeriğinde bulunan azot, fosfor, potasyum, kalsiyum, magnezyum, kükürt, demir, manganez, bakır, çinko ve bor gibi büyük miktarlardaki elementler taşıma kapları ile kimyasal reaksiyona girebilir. Bu kimyasal reaksiyonları gözlemlemek amacı ile deney kapları hazırlanmıştır. Bu kaplarda yoğunlaştırılmış farklı sıvı gübre çeşitleri oluşturulmuştur. Bunlar için uygun zaman aralıkları seçilerek pH dereceleri masa tipi “ohaus AB23PH-F” ölçülmüştür. Hazırlanan tavuk gübresinin pH değeri 8,44 küçükbaş hayvan gübresinin pH değeri 8,34 güvercin gübresinin pH değeri 7,54 ve büyükbaş hayvan gübresinin pH değeri 9,03 olarak ölçülmüştür. Bununla birlikte sıvı gübreler 20 °C de kapalı yalıtımlı kap içerisinde bekletilip nem oranları %58 olarak belirlenmiştir. Deney kaplarında sıvı gübre içinde bekletilen ST37 çelik numuneler ve CTP nin SEM, XRD ve optik görüntüleri ve kütle kayıpları değerlendirilmiştir. Korozif ortamlardaki CTP numunelerinde korozyona rastlanmamıştır. İki faklı malzemeden 10m3 hacminde tanker tasarımı yapılmıştır. Sonlu elemanlar analizi sonucunda güvenli olarak kullanılabilecek CPT tankerin et kalınlığı 12mm bu tankerin ağırlığı 702 kg olarak hesaplanmıştır. Aynı hacim ve 3 mm kalınlıkta tasarlanan ST37 çelik tankerin ağırlığı 3504 kg olmaktadır. Korozyona karşı dirençli ve yaklaşık 5 kat daha hafif olması CPT kompozit malzemeden imal edilen tankerlerin uygun olacağı düşünülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Korozyon, Kompozit, Sıvı gübre tankeri, Sonlu Elemanlar, CTP.

The Importance of CTP Composite Material in Liquid Fertilizer Tankers and Production Optimization of Tankers

Öz

Due to their superior features, composite materials are commonly used in many various fields in production industry. In this study, the production and optimization of the tanks which are made of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GRP) composite materials and used in transporting liquid fertilizers in agricultural industries were studied. The application of organic fertilizers is particularly important in plant growing. Elements which are present in fertilizers, such as nitrogen, phosphor, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc and boron may chemically react with container drums. Experimental containers were prepared in order to observe these chemical reactions. Various types of condensed liquid fertilizers were composed in those containers. PH values were measured via benchtop “Ohaus AB23PH-F” at predesignated time intervals. The pH values were measured as following: 8.44 for chicken manure, 8.34 for small cattle manure, 7.54 for pigeon manure and 9.03 for cattle manure. In addition to that, liquid manures were kept at 20 °C in an isolated container and humidity was measured 58%. SEM, XRD and optical images of St37 Steel specimens which were kept in liquid fertilizers in experiment containers and GRP and mass loss were evaluated. No corrosion was observed in GRP in corrosive environment. Users prefer those materials due to the fact that they have high corrosion resistance, and they are light material. A 10m3 tank was designed out of those materials which are very common in production industry. The method of finite elements was used in the design and their weights were compared. As for the results of finite elements analysis, the wall thickness of the GRP tank for safe use was calculated to be 12mm and the weight of that tank was calculated to be 702kg. The weight of the St37 steel tank of the same volume and 3mm thickness is 3504kg. It was thought that tanks made of GRP composite material would be convenient due to the fact that they are corrosion resistant and 5 times lighter.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Corrosion, Composite, Liquid fertilizer tanker, Finite Elements, CTP.

Kaynakça

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