Ekonomik Özgürlüğün Seçilmiş Alt Göstergelerinin Teknolojik Gelişmeye Etkisi: 1996-2021 Dönemi İçin Küresel Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 437 - 453, 30.05.2025

Yusuf Ünsal

https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.1564861

Öz

Bu çalışma, 1996-2021 yılları arasında 50 ülke için ekonomik özgürlüğün seçilmiş alt göstergelerinin teknoloji düzeyi üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktadır. Neoliberal ekonomik teori, ekonomik büyüme ve refahın, ekonomik özgürlüğün artırılmasıyla sağlanabileceğini ve bunun yenilik, girişimcilik ve teknolojik gelişmeyi teşvik ettiğini öne sürmektedir. Bu kapsamda çalışmada, değişkenler arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişkiyi incelemek için Durbin-Hausman eşbütünleşme analizi yapılmış ve Panel ARDL yöntemi kullanılarak uzun ve kısa dönem katsayıları tahmin edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, uzun vadede kişi başına düşen GSYİH, beşeri sermaye, iş özgürlüğü, yatırım özgürlüğü ve hükümet harcamalarının teknoloji düzeyini olumlu etkilediğini, buna karşılık vergi yükü, parasal özgürlük ve ticaret özgürlüğünün olumsuz etkide bulunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bulgular, daha fazla ekonomik özgürlüğün inovasyon ve girişimcilik faaliyetlerini teşvik ettiğini savunan literatürle uyumludur. Ancak, yüksek vergi yükü ve ticaret kısıtlamaları teknolojik gelişmeyi engellemektedir. Çalışma, iş ve yatırım özgürlüğünü artıran, vergi reformları yapan ve parasal istikrarı sağlayan politikaların teknolojik ilerlemeyi teşvik edeceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, araştırma ve geliştirmeye yönelik kamu harcamalarının artırılması ve uluslararası ticaret politikalarının iyileştirilmesi de inovasyonu destekleyecektir. Bu bulgular, ekonomik özgürlüğün alt bileşenlerinin teknoloji gelişimi üzerindeki farklı etkilerini vurgulayarak literatüre katkı sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ekonomik Özgürlük , Yenilik , Girişimcilik , Panel ARDL

The Impact of Selected Sub-Indicators of Economic Freedom on Technological Development: A Global Assessment for 1996-2021 Period

Öz

This research examines the influence of selected sub-indicators of economic freedom on technological development across 50 countries from 1996 to 2021. According to neoliberal economic theory, economic growth and prosperity are achieved by enhancing economic freedom, which fosters innovation, entrepreneurship, and technological progress. The study employs Durbin-Hausman cointegration analysis to assess the long-term relationships between the variables, and both short- and long-term coefficients are estimated using the Panel ARDL method. The findings indicate that GDP per capita, human capital, business freedom, investment freedom, and government spending positively impact technology levels in the long run, whereas the tax burden, monetary freedom, and trade freedom have negative impacts. These results align with previous literature suggesting that increased economic freedom promotes innovation and entrepreneurship. However, high taxes and trade barriers inhibit technological advancement. The study proposes that policies enhancing business and investment freedom, implementing tax reforms, and achieving monetary stability will stimulate technological growth. Additionally, boosting public spending on research and development and refining international trade policies will further support innovation. Overall, the findings contribute to existing research by highlighting the varying effects of different components of economic freedom on technological advancement.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Economic Freedom , Innovation , Enterpreneurship , Panel ARDL

Kaynakça

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