İnternet Alışverişlerinde Organik Gıda Satın Alma Niyetinin Planlı Davranış Teorisi Açısından İncelenmesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 1241 - 1266, 29.09.2023

İbrahim Halil Efendioğlu Gökhan Akel Kamile Elmasoğlu Dilek Aydoğdu Okan Koç

https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.1280289

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı internetten yapılan organik gıda alışverişlerinde, tüketicilerin satın alma niyetlerinin ölçülmesidir. Çalışmada Planlı Davranış Teorisi çerçevesinde tutum, subjektif norm, algılanan davranış kontrolü, sağlık bilincinin, gıda güvenliğinin ve organik gıda etiketlemesinin satın alma niyeti üzerindeki etkileri de incelenmektedir. Araştırma verileri çevrimiçi anket aracılığıyla Türkiye’de internetten organik gıda satın alma eğilimi olan tüketicilerinden toplanmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki muhtemel ilişkiler yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile test edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları göz önüne alındığında, tüketicilerin internet üzerinden organik gıda konusunda sergiledikleri tutum, subjektif norm, algıladıkları davranış kontrolü, sağlık bilinci ve gıda güvenliği endişesi satın alma niyetini anlamlı ve olumlu etkilemiştir. Ancak internet alışverişlerinde organik gıda etiketlemesinin, satın alma niyetine etki etmediği görülmüştür. Bu sonuçlara göre araştırmacılara ve internetten organik gıda satan işletmelere tavsiyelerde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Organik Gıda, Satın Alma Niyeti, Planlı Davranış Teorisi

The Examination of Purchase Intention for Organic Food in Internet Shopping from the Perspective of the Theory of Planned Behavior

Öz

The purpose of this study was to measure consumers' purchase intentions when buying organic food online. In the study, the effects of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, health awareness, food safety and organic food labeling on purchase intention are also examined within the scope of Planned Behavior Theory. Research data were collected through an online survey of consumers who tend to purchase organic food in Turkey. The relationships between variables were tested using structural equation modeling. Considering the results of the analysis, consumers' attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, health awareness and food safety concerns towards purchasing organic food over the Internet, are significant and positive. However, it has been observed that organic food labeling in Internet shopping does not have an effect on purchase intention. According to the results obtained, recommendations were made to researchers and businesses selling organic food on the Internet.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Organic Food, Purchase Intention, Theory of Planned Behavior

Kaynakça

• AARSET, B., BECKMANN, S., BIGNE, E., BEVERIDGE, M., BJORNDAL, T., BUNTING, J., MCDONAGH, P., MARIOJOULS, C., MUIR, J., PROTHERO, A., REISCH, L., SMITH, A., TVETERAS, R., & YOUNG, J. (2004). “The european consumers' understanding and perceptions of the "organic" food regime: The case of aquaculture”. British Food Journal, 106(2): 93-105. https://doi.org/10.1108/00070700410516784
• AHMED, N., LI, C., KHAN, A., QALATI, S. A., NAZ, S., & RANA, F. (2021). “Purchase Intention Toward Organic Food Among Young Consumers Using Theory of Planned Behavior: Role of Environmental Concerns and Environmental Awareness”. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 64(5): 796-822. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2020.1785404
• AITKEN, R., WATKINS, L., WILLIAMS, J., & KEAN, A. (2020). “The positive role of labelling on consumers’ perceived behavioural control and intention to purchase organic food”. Journal of Cleaner Production, 255, 120334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120334
• AJZEN, I. (1991). “The theory of planned behavior”. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2): 179-211.https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
• AKAN, S., & YANMAZ, R. (2015). “Organik Gıdaların Besin Kalitesi ve Insan Sağlığına Etkileri Yönünden Değerlendirilmesi”. Doğu Karadeniz II. Organik Tarım Kongresi (6 9 Ekim 2015, Pazar/ Rize), 378-386.
• AKTER, S., ALI, S., FEKETE-FARKAS, M., FOGARASSY, C., & LAKNER, Z. (2023). “Why Organic Food? Factors Influence the Organic Food Purchase Intension in an Emerging Country (Study from Northern Part of Bangladesh)”. Resources, 12(5): 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources12010005
• ALBARRACIN, D., JOHNSON, B. T., FISHBEIN, M., & MUELLERLEILE, P. A. (2001). “Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior as Models of Condom Use: A Meta-Analysis”. Psychological Bulletin 2001, 127(1): 142-161. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0033-2909.127.1.142
• AL WASETI, L., & İRFANOĞLU, M. (2022). “The Effect of Consumptıon Value on Organic Food Purchase Intention with the Mediating Role of Consumer Involvement”. The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication, TOJDAC, 12 (1): 177-191.
• ALLEN, P., & KOVACH, M. (2000). “The capitalist composition of organic: The potential of markets in fulfilling the promise of organic agriculture”. Agriculture and Human Values, 17(3): 221-232. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007640506965
• ARCHER, G. P., JUDIT, G. S., VIGNALI, G., & CHAILLOT, A. (2003). “Latent consumers' attitude to farmers' markets in north west england”. British Food Journal, 105(8): 487- 497. https://doi.org/10.1108/00070700310497264
• BAOURAKIS, G., KOURGIANTAKIS, M., & MIGDALAS, A. (2002). “The impact of e commerce on agro food marketing”. British Food Journal, 104(8): 580-590. https://doi.org/10.1108/00070700210425976
• BIRCHARD, K. (2001). “Europe tackles consumers fears over food safety”. The Lancet, 357(9264): 1276. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04471-8
• BOSNJAK, M., AJZEN, I., & SCHMID, P. (2020). “The Theory of Planned Behavior: Selected Recent Advances and Applications”. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 16(3): 352-356. https://doi.org/10.5964%2Fejop.v16i3.3107
• BREDAHL, L. (2001). “Determinants of Consumer Attitudes and Purchase Intentions With Regard to Genetically Modified Food- Results of a Cross-National Survey”. Journal of Consumer Policy, 24(1): 23-61. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010950406128
• BRINKMANN, J. (2004). “Looking at consumer behavior in a moral Perspective: JBE”. Journal of Business Ethics, 51(2): 129-141. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BUSI.0000033607.45346.d2
• BRYŁA, P. (2018). “Organic food online shopping in Poland”. British Food Journal. 120(5): 1015- 1027. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-09-2017-0517
• BURUCUOĞLU, M., & BULUT, Y. (2016). “Evaluation of Complaint Intention Through Theory of Planned Behaviour”. Pazarlama ve Pazarlama Araştırmaları Dergisi, 18: 15-29.
• BUSINESS RESEARCH COMPANY. (2023). Organic Food Global Market Report 2023. https://www.thebusinessresearchcompany.com/report/organic-food-global-market report. Erişim Tarihi: 30.03.2023
• CANÇELIK, M. (2023). “Planlı Davranış Teorisi Çerçevesinde Organik Gıda Satın Alma Niyetinin Öncülleri Olarak Hedonik ve Faydacı Tüketici Tutumları”. International Social Sciences Studies Journal. 9(107): 4840-4849. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/sssj.67328
• CAVLAK, Ö. D. (2019). “Empirical Investigation On The Determinants of Organic Food Purchasing Behavior”. A Thesis Submitted To The Graduate School of Social Sciences of Middle East Technical University.
• CENTRE FOR FOOD SAFETY (2023). “Food Safety Focus – Organic Food Safety”. https://www.cfs.gov.hk/english/multimedia/multimedia_pub/multimedia_pub_fsf_39 02.html Erişim Tarihi: 05.03.2023.
• CHEN, M. F. (2009). “Attitude toward Organic Foods Among Taiwanese as related to Health Consciousness, Environmental Attitudes, and the Mediating Effects of A Healthy Lifestyle”. British Food Journal, 111(2): 165-178. https://doi.org/10.1108/00070700910931986
• CONNOR, R., & DOUGLAS, L. (2001). “Consumer attitudes to organic foods”. Nutrition and Food Science, 31(4): 254-258. https://doi.org/10.1108/nfs.2001.01731eaf.001
• ÇINAR, N., ENGINDENIZ, S., & ÇINAR, G. (2021). “Tüketicilerin Organik Gıda Ürünü Satın Alma Niyeti; Aydın İli Örneği”. Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(1): 15-26. https://doi.org/10.30803/adusobed.831579
• DANGI, N., GUPTA, S.K., & NARULA, S.A. (2020), "Consumer buying behaviour and purchase intention of organic food: a conceptual framework", Management of Environmental Quality, 31(6): 1515-1530. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-01-2020-0014
• DAPHNE, L. D. (2001). “Review of the UK marketplace for convenience foods”. Nutrition and Food Science, 31(6): 332. https://doi.org/10.1108/nfs.2001.01731faf.002
• DAVIES, A., TITTERINGTON, A. J., & COCHRANE, C. (1995). “Who buys organic food? A profile of the purchasers of organic food in northern ireland”. British Food Journal, 97(10): 17. https://doi.org/10.1108/00070709510104303
• DREXLER, D., FIALA, J., HAVLÍČKOVÁ, A., POTŮČKOVÁ, A., & SOUČEK, M. (2017). “The Effect of Organic Food Labels on Consumer Attention”. Journal of Food Products Marketing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2017.1311815
• ETI İÇLİ, G., ANIL, N. K., & KILIÇ, B. (2016). “Tüketicilerin Organik Gıda Satın Alma Tercihlerini Etkileyen Faktörler”. Kırklareli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2): 93-108.
• FORNELL, C., & LARCKER, D. F. (1981). “Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics”. Journal of Marketing Research. 18(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800313
• FRANZ, N. (2005). “Overview of organic markets: An opportunity for aquaculture products”? GLOBEFISH Research Programme, 77, I,II,IV:1-98.
• GHUFRAN, M., ALİ, S., ARIYESTI, F. R., NAWAZ, M. A., ALDIERI, L., & XIAOBAO, P. (2022). “Impact of COVID-19 to customers switching intention in the food segments: The push, pull and mooring effects in consumer migration towards organic food”. Food Quality and Preference, 99, 104561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104561
• GIANNAKAS, K. (2002). False Labeling and its Ramifications for Organic Food Product Markets. Cornhusker Economics.88.
• GIRARDELLI, D., & PATEL, V. K. (2016). “The Theory of Planned Behavior and Chinese ESL Students’ In-class Participation”. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 7(1): 31-41, http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0701.04
• GLIBOWSKI, P. (2020). “Organic Food And Health”. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig, 71(2):131-136. https://doi.org/10.32394/rpzh.2020.0110
• GRANKVIST, G., & BIEL, A. (2001). “The Importance of Belief and Purchase Criteria in the Choice of Eco-Labelled Food Products”. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21(4): 405-410. https://doi.org/10.1006/jevp.2001.0234
• GRUNERT, K. G., & RAMUS, K. (2005). “Consumers' willingness to buy food through the internet: A review of the literature and a model for future research”. British Food Journal, 107(6): 381-403. https://doi.org/10.1108/00070700510602174
• GUIVANT, J. S. (2003). “Supermarkets and the promotion of organics: Appealing to ego-trip life stile”. Ambiente & Sociedade, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.1590/S1414753X2003000300005
• GUNDALA R. R., & SINGH A. (2021). “What Motivates Consumers To Buy Organic Foods”? Results of An Empirical Study in The United States. Plos ONE, 16(9), E0257288. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257288
• GÜRBÜZ, S. (2019). AMOS ile Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi, Temel İlkeler ve Uygulamalı Analizler. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• HALL, D. C., BAKER, B. P., FRANCO, J., & JOLLY, D. A. (1989). “Organic food and substainable agriculture”. Contemporary Policy Issues, 7(4): 47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.14657287.1989.tb00575.x
• HEALTH BENEFITS OF ORGANIC FOOD. (2001). Global Pesticide Campaigner, 11(2): 29. Retrieved from. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/health-benefits-organic food/docview/196890213/se-2
• HO, S. S., LIAO, Y., & ROSENTHAL, S. (2015). “Applying the theory of planned Behavior and media dependency theory: preditors of public pro environmental behavioral intentios in Singapore”. Environmental communication, 9(1): 77 99. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2014.932819
• İLBAŞ, A. İ. (2009). Organik Tarım, İlkeler ve Ulusal Mevzuat. Ankara: Eflatun Yayınevi
• İNAN, R., BEKAR, A., & URLU, H. (2021). “Tüketicilerin Organik Gıda Satın Alma Davranışları ve Tutumlarına İlişkin Bir Değerlendirme”. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 9(1): 220-235. https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2021.786
• JÁNSKÁ, M., ŽAMBOCHOVÁ, M., & KITA, P. (2023). “The influence of Slovak consumer lifestyle on purchasing behaviour in the consumption of organic food”. British Food Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-07-2022-0618
• JONES, P., CLARKE-HILL, C., SHEARS, P., & HILLIER, D. (2001). “Case study: Retailing organic foods”. British Food Journal, 103(5): 358-365. https://doi.org/10.1108/00070700110396358
• KAMBOJ, S., GUPTA, N., BANDRAL, J. D., GANDOTRA, G., & ANJUM, N. (2020). “Food safety and hygiene: A review”. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 8(2): 358-368. https://doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i2f.8794
• KILIÇ, H. A., OKTAR, Ö. F., & ÖZKAN, A. M. (2021). “Bilgi Paylaşma Niyetinin Planlanmış Davranış Teorisi ile Bilgi Paylaşma Davranışı Arasındaki Aracı Rolü”. IJMA International Journal of Management and Administration, 5(9): 132-142. https://doi.org/10.29064/ijma.809382
• KIRGIZ, A. C. (2014). “Organik Gıda Sertifikasyonlarının ve Etiketlemelerinin Türkiye Gıda Sektörü İşletmelerinin İtibarı Üzerindeki Etkisi”. Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri,1.
• KIRSHNER, A. (1997). Organic Sales Continue to Grow in 1996. Global Pesticide Campaigner, 7(3): 16.
• KLINE, R. B. (2015). “Principles and practice of structural equation modeling”. Guilford publications.
• KNABE, A. (2012). “Applying Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior to a Study of OnlineCourse Adoption in Public Relations Education”. Marquette University, Dissertations
• KOCAGÖZ, E., & DURSUN, Y. (2010). “Algılanan Davranışsal Kontrol, Ajzen’in Teorisinde Nasıl Konumlanır? Alternatif Model Analizleri”. KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomi̇k Araştırmalar Dergi̇si, 12(19): 139-152.
• KÖSE, Ş. G., & KIRCOVA, İ. (2020). “Organik Gıdalara Yönelik Tüketici Yaklaşımları ve Pazarlama İletişimi Önerileri”. Türkiye İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3: 338-367. https://doi.org/10.17829/turcom.598551
• LATACZ-LOHMANN, U., & FOSTER, C. (1997). “From "niche" to "mainstream" – strategies for marketing organic food in germany and the UK”. British Food Journal, 99(8): 275-282. https://doi.org/10.1108/00070709710188336
• LE, M. H., & PHUONG, M. N. (2022). “Integrating the theory of planned behavior and the norm activation model to investigate organic food purchase intention: Evidence from Vietnam”. Sustainability, 14(2): 816. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020816
• LEA, E., & WORSLEY, T. (2005). A”ustralians' organic food beliefs, demographics and values”. British Food Journal, 107(10): 855-869. https://doi.org/10.1108/00070700510629797
• LUBIENIECHI, S. A. (2002). “Romanian consumers' behaviour regarding organic food”. British Food Journal, 104(3-5): 337. https://doi.org/10.1108/00070700210425750
• MAGNUSSON, M. K., ARVOLA, A., ULLA-KAISA, K. H., ABERG, L., & PER-OLOW SJODEN. (2001). “Attitudes towards organic foods among swedish consumers”. British Food Journal, 103(3): 209-226. https://doi.org/10.1108/00070700110386755
• MAKATOUNI, A. (2002). “What motivates consumers to buy organic food in the UK? Results from a qualitative study”. British Food Journal, 104(3-5): 345. https://doi.org/10.1108/00070700210425769
• MALHOTRA, N., HALL, J., SHAW, M., & OPPENHEIM, P. (2006). “Marketing research: An applied orientation”. Pearson Education Australia.
• MERCAN, N. (2015). “Ajzen’in Planlanmış Davranış Teorisi Bağlamında Whıstleblowıng (Bilgi İfşası)”. Sosyal ve Beşerî Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2): 1-14.
• MFAZI, S., & ELLIOTT, R. M. (2022). “The Theory of Planned Behaviour as a model for understanding Entrepreneurial Intention: The moderating role of culture”. Journal of Contemporary Management, 19(1): 1-29. https://doi.org/10.35683/jcm20123.133
• MOHAMMAD, A. A., MOHD HASANUR, R. J., & SARKER RAFIJ, A. R. (2019). “Consumers’ anti consumption behavior toward organic food purchase: An analysis using SEM. [Organic food purchase”. British Food Journal, 121(1): 104-122. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ02-2018-0072
• MURPHY, B., MARTINI, M., FEDI, A., LOERA, B. L., ELLIOTT, C. T., & DEAN, M. (2022). “Consumer trust in organic food and organic certifications in four European countries”. Food Control, 133,108484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108484
• MUSLU, G. K., & BAŞBAKKAL, Z. (2013). “Planlı Davranış Teorisi ve Emzirme Davranışı”. Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci 2013, 5(1), 28-40.
• NAGARAJ, S. (2021). “Role of consumer health consciousness, food safety & attitude on organic food purchase in emerging market: A serial mediation model”. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 59, 102423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102423
• NAGY-PÉRCSI, K., & FOGARASSY, C. (2019). “Important influencing and decision factors in organic food purchasing in hungary”. Sustainability, 11(21): 6075. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11216075
• NCHISE, A. (2012). “An Empirical Analysis of the Theory of Planned Behavior”. JeDEM, 4(2): 171-182. https://doi.org/10.29379/jedem.v4i2.129
• ORAL, M. A. (2020). “Tüketicilerin Organik Gıda Satın Alma Niyeti: Genç Tüketiciler ile Bir Araştırma”. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(2): 1207-1224. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2020.906
• PADEL, S., & MIDMORE, P. (2005). “The development of the european market for organic products: Insights from a delphi study”. British Food Journal, 107(8): 626-647. https://doi.org/10.1108/00070700510611011
• PANG, S. M., BOOI, C. T., & TECK, C. L. (2021). “Antecedents of consumers’ purchase intention towards organic food: Integration of theory of planned behavior and protection motivation theory”. Sustainability, 13(9): 5218. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095218
• PARDANA, D., ABDULLAH, R., MAHMUDA, D., MALIK, E., PRATIWI, E. T., DJA’WA, A., ABDULLAH, L. O. D., HARDIN., & HAMID, R. S. (2019). “Attitude analysis in the theory of planned behavior: green marketing against the intention to buy environmentally friendly products”. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 343 (2019): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/343/1/012128
• PAULL, J. (2006). “The Farm as Organism: The Foundational Idea of Organic Agriculture”. Elementals, Journal of Bio-Dynamics Tasmania, 83: 14-18.
• PAWEŁ, B. (2018). “Organic food online shopping in Poland”. British Food Journal, 120(5), 1015- 1027. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-09-2017-0517
• PEARSON, D., HENRYKS, J., & JONES, H. (2010). “Organic food: What we know (and do not know) about consumers”. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742170510000499
• PRAJAPATI, M. C. (2016). “Traceability in Food Process Industry: A Review”. Advances in Life Sciences, 5(7): 2522-2525.
• PRAYIDYANINGRUM, S., & DJAMALUDIN, MD. (2016). “Theory of Planned Behavior to Analyze the Intention to Use the Electronic Money”. Journal of Consumer Sciences,1(2): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.29244/jcs.1.2.1-12
• PRZYGOŃSKI, K. (2019). “Applying the theory of planned behavıour to account for students’ choice of a target accent”. Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis, 136: 169–179. https://doi.org/10.4467/20834624SL.19.014.10609
• RODDY, G., COWAN, C., & HUTCHINSON, G. (1994). “Organic food: A description of the Irish market”. British Food Journal, 96(4): 3. https://doi.org/10.1108/00070709410060998
• ROSEIRA, C., TEIXEIRA, S., BARBOSA, B., & MACEDO, R. (2022). “How collectivism affects organic food purchase intention and behavior: A study with Norwegian and Portuguese young consumers”. Sustainability, 14(12): 7361.
• SATAN, S. (2019). “Türkiye’deki Tüketicilerin Organik Ürün Satın Alma Hareketlerini Etkileyen Faktörler”. Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim, Öğretim ve Araştırma Enstitüsü, İşletme Yönetimi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
• SCHIFFERSTEIN, H. N. J., & OPHUIS, P. A. (1998). “Health-related determinants of organic food consumption in The Netherlands”. Food Quality and Preference, 9(3): 119-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-3293(97)00044-X
• SHEPHERD, R., MAGNUSSON, M., & PER-OLOW SJÖDÉN. (2005). “Determinants of consumer behavior related to organic foods”. Ambio, 34(4): 352-9. https://doi.org/10.1579/00447447(2005)034[0352:DOCBRT]2.0.CO
• SHULMAN, S. W. (2003). “An experiment in digital government at the united states national organic program”. Agriculture and Human Values, 20(3): 253-265. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026104815057
• SIMMONS, G. J., DURKIN, M. G., MCGOWAN, P., & ARMSTRONG, G. A. (2007). “Determinants of internet adoption by SME agri-food companies”. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 14(4): 620-640. https://doi.org/10.1108/14626000710832730
• SINGH, V., SINGH, G., & VERMA, D. K. (2013). “Organic Foods: Benefits and Market Demand”. Popular Kheti, 1(4): 71-78.
• SQUIRES, L., JURIC, B., & CORNWELL, T. B. (2001). “Level of market development and intensity of organic food consumption: Cross-cultural study of danish and new zealand consumers”. The Journal of Consumer Marketing, 18(4): 392-409. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363760110398754
• SUKOHAR, A., & SUHARMANTO (2021). “Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Hypertension Prevention”. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 15(3): 2049-2053.
• SUNTORNSAN, S., CHUDECH, S., & JANMAIMOOL, P. (2022). “The Role of the Theory of Planned Behavior in Explaining the Energy-Saving Behaviors of High School Students with Physical Impairments”. Behavioral Sciences, 12(334): 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090334
• SUSSMAN, R., & GIFFORD, R. (2019). “Causality in the Theory of Planned Behavior”. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 45(6): 920–933. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167218801363
• TABACHNICK B. G., & FIDELL, L. S., (2013). “Using Multivariate Statistics (sixth ed.)” Pearson: Boston
• TARKIAINEN, A., & SUNDQVIST, S. (2005). “Subjective Norms, Attitudes and Intentions of Finnish Consumers in Buying Organic Food”. British Food Journal, 107(11): 808-822. https://doi.org/10.1108/00070700510629760
• TDK (2023). Organik. https://sozluk.gov.tr/, Erişim Tarihi: 05.03.2023.
• TENG, C. C., & WANG, Y. M. (2015). “Decisional Factors Driving Organic Food Consumption: Generation of Consumer Purchase Intentions”. British Food Journal, 117(3): 1066-1081. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-12-2013-0361
• TSAI, C.Y. (2010). “Applying the theory of planned behavior to explore the independent travelers’ behavior”. Global Journal of Business Management, 4(12): 1-14.
• TÜRKÖZÜ, D., & KARABUDAK, E. (2014). “Organik Gıdaların Besin Degeri, Gıda Güvenliği ve Lezzet Açısından Değerlendirilmesi”. The Journal of Food, 39 (2): 119 126.
• URAL, T., & OYPAN, O. (2021). “Investıgatıon of Organıc Food Consumptıon Behavıor in the Context of S-O-R Theory: The Case of Antakya-Hatay”. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 58: 177-196. https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.755455
• URALA, N., & LAHTEENMAKI, L. (2003).” Reasons behind consumers' functional food choices”. Nutrition and Food Science, 33(3): 148. https://doi.org/10.1108/00346650310488499
• USTAAHMETOĞLU, E., & TOKLU, İ. T. (2015). “Organik Gıda Satın Alma Niyetinde Tutum, Sağlık Bilinci ve Gıda Güvenliğinin Etkisi Üzerine Bir Araştırma”. Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11(1): 197-211.
• YAKASAIA, A. B. M., & JUSOH, W. J. W. (2015). “Testing the Theory of Planned Behavior in Determining Intention to Use Digital Coupon among University Students”. ProcediacEconomics and Finance, 31, 186-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/S22125671(15)01145-4
• YEE, W. M. S., YEUNG, R. M. W., & MORRIS, J. (2005). “Food safety: building consumer trust in livestock farmers for potential purchase behaviour”. British Food Journal, 107(11): 841-854. https://doi.org/10.1108/00070700510629788
• YUN-HEE, K. (2019). “Organic shoppers’ involvement in organic foods: Self and identity. [Organic shoppers’ involvement in organic foods]”. British Food Journal, 121(1): 139-156. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-03-2018-0202
• YUNIARWATI, Y., ARDANA, C., & DEWI, S. P. (2021). “Theory of Planned Behavior for Predicting Fraudulent Financial Reporting Intentions”. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 655: 529-537.
• WANG, Y., WIEGERINCK, V., KRIKKE, H., & ZHANG, H. (2013). “Understanding The Purchase Intention towards Remanufactured Product in Closed-Loop Supply Chains: An Empirical Study in China”. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 43(10): 866-888. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-01-20130011
• WILLIAMS, H., HE, W., & CONNERS, S. E. (2018). “Stakeholder Loyalty in Mergers: An Application of Theory of Planned Behavior”. Journal of Academic Administration in Higher Education, 14(1): 37-44.
• WINTER, C. K., & DAVIS, S. F. (2006). “Organic Foods”. Journal of Food Science, 71(9): 117-124.
• WONG, S. L., HSU, C. C., & CHEN, H. S. (2018). “To Buy or Not to Buy? Consumer Attitudes and Purchase Intentions for Suboptimal Food”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(7): 1431. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071431
• ZÁMKOVÁ, M., ROJÍK, S., PROKOP, M., ČINČALOVÁ, S., & STOLÍN, R. (2022). “Czech consumers’ preference for organic products in online grocery stores during the COVID 19 pandemic”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(20): 13316. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013316
• ŽIVĚLOVÁ, I., & JÁNSKÝ, J. (2006). “The possibilities of organic food market’s development in the czech republic”. Agricultural Economics, 52(7): 321-327. https://doi.org/10.17221/5029-AGRICECON