Sosyal Medya Kullanımı Gebelikte Beden Algısını Yordayıcı Bir Faktör Müdür?

Öz

Amaç: Sosyal medya platformlarında paylaşılanlar, gebeleri fizyolojik ve psikolojik olarak etkileyebilmektedir. Bu araştırma, gebelerde sosyal medya kullanımının gebelikte beden algısını yordama durumlarını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı ve ilişkisel tiptedir. Veriler “Gebe Tanıtıcı Özellikler Formu’’, “Sosyal Medya Kullanım Ölçeği (SMKÖ)’’ ve “Gebelikte Beden Algısı Ölçeği (GBAÖ)’’ ile toplanmıştır. Gebelere sosyal medya platformları üzerinden ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmaya 160 gebe alınmıştır.

Bulgular: Araştırma bulgularında “SMKÖ toplam puanı’’ ile “GBAÖ kilo almayla ilgili endişeler alt boyutu’’ arasında pozitif yönde düşük düzeyde, “GBAÖ gebeliğin fiziksel yükleri alt boyutu’’ ile negatif yönde, zayıf düzeyde bir ilişki olduğu, “SMKÖ yetkinlik alt boyutu’’ ile GBAÖ toplam puanı arasında ilişki olmadığı, “yetkinlik alt boyutunun’’ “gebe görünmekten duyulan memnuniyet alt boyutunu’’ negatif yönde, düşük düzeyde, “yetkinlik alt boyutunun’’, “kilo almayla ilgili endişeler alt boyutunu’’ pozitif yönde, düşük düzeyde, “gebeliğin fiziksel yükleri alt boyutunu’’ ise negatif yönde, düşük düzeyde yordadığı, “SMKÖ süreklilik alt boyutu’’ ile GBAÖ toplam puanı ve “gebe görünmekten duyulan memnuniyet alt boyutu’’ arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı, “süreklilik alt boyutunun’’ “kilo almayla ilgili endişeler alt boyutunu’’ pozitif yönde, düşük düzeyde, “gebeliğin fiziksel yükleri alt boyutunu’’ ise negatif yönde, düşük düzeyde yordadığı görülmüştür.

Sonuç: Araştırmada sosyal medya kullanımının gebelerin beden algısı ile ilişkili olduğu görülmüştür. Sosyal medyanın gebelerin beden algısı üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerine yönelik farkındalığın arttırılması için eğitimler planlanmalı ve uygulanmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• beden algısı
• gebelik
• sosyal medya

Destekleyen Kurum

pamukkale üniversitesi sağlık bilimleri fakültesi

Etik Beyan

Araştırmanın yürütülmesi için Pamukkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Girişimsel Olmayan Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu’ndan (Tarih:13.12.2022; no: E-60116787-020-301291) izin alınmıştır. Çalışma Helsinki Deklarasyonu prensiplerine uygun olarak yürütülmüştür.

Teşekkür

Yazarlar, araştırmamıza katılan ve destek veren tüm gebelerimize teşekkürlerini sunmaktadır.

Is Social Media Use a Predictive Factor for Body Image During Pregnancy

Öz

Objective: Content shared on social media platforms can affect pregnant women both physiologically and psychologically. This research was conducted to investigate whether social media use in pregnant women predicted body image during pregnancy.

Method: A descriptive and correlational design was employed. Data were collected using "Pregnant Descriptive Characteristics Form," the "Social Media Use Scale (SMUS)," and the "Body Image Perception Scale (BIPS)." Pregnant women were reached through social media platforms. A total of 160 pregnant women were included.

Results: The mean SMUS total score had low-level, positive relationship with the "BIPS weight gain concerns sub-dimension" and negative, weak relationship with the "BIPS physical burdens of pregnancy sub-dimension." There was no relationship between the "SMUS competency sub-dimension" and the mean BIPS total score. The "SMUS competency sub-dimension" score predicted the "satisfaction with looking pregnant sub-dimension" negatively and at a low level, “weight gain concerns sub-dimension” positively and at a low level, and “physical burdens of pregnancy sub-dimension” negatively and at a low level. There was no significant relationship between the "SMUS continuity sub-dimension" and the BIPS total score and the "satisfaction with looking pregnant sub-dimension."  The "continuity sub-dimension" predicted the "weight gain concerns sub-dimension" positively and at a low level and the "physical burdens of pregnancy sub-dimension" negatively and at a low level. 

Conclusion: In conclusion, social media use was associated with pregnant women's body perception. Education programs should be planned and implemented to raise awareness about the negative effects of social media on the body image of pregnant women.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• body ımage
• pregnancy
• social media

Destekleyen Kurum

Pamukkale University Faculty of Health Sciences

Etik Beyan

Permission to conduct the research was obtained from the Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Date: 13.12.2022; no: E-60116787-020-301291). The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration.

Teşekkür

The authors extend their thanks to all the pregnant women who participated in and supported our research.

Kaynakça

1. 1. Piȩta, M., Rzeszutek, M., Lendzion, M., Grymowicz, M., Piȩta, W., Kasperowicz, A., et al. (2021). Body ımage during pregnancy in the era of coronavirus disease 2019: the role of heterogeneous patterns of perceived social support. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 742525. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.742525
2. 2. Aslan, D. (2004). Beden algısı ile ilgili sorunların yaratabileceği beslenme sorunları. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi, 13(9), 326-329.
3. 3. Öngören, B. (2015). Sosyolojik açıdan sağlıklı beden imgesi. Sosyal ve Beşerî Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 16(34), 25-45.
4. 4. Naslund, J.A., Aschbrenner, K.A., Marsch, L.A., Bartels, S.J. (2016). The future of mental health care: peer-to-peer support and social media. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 25(2), 113–122. https://doi.org/10.1017/s2045796015001067
5. 5. Datareportal. Dıgıtal 2024: Global Overvıew Report. (2024). Erişim Tarihi: 31.03.2024. Https://Datareportal.Com/Reports/Digital-2024-Global-Overview-Report
6. 6. DatareportalTurkey. Dıgıtal 2024: Turkey. (2024). Erişim Tarihi: 31.03.2024. Https://Datareportal.Com/Reports/Digital-2024-Turkey
7. 7. Silveira, M.L., Ertel, K.A., Dole, N., Chasan, Taber, L. (2015). The role of body image in prenatal and postpartum depression: a critical review of the literature. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 18, 409-421.
8. 8. Hodgkinson, E.L., Smith, D.M., Wittkowski, A. (2014). Women's experiences of their pregnancy and postpartum body image: a systematic review and meta-synthesis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 14, 330. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-14-330

9. 9. Watson, B., Fuller Tyszkiewicz, M., Broadbent, J., Skouteris, H. (2017). Development and validation of a tailored measure of body image for pregnant women. Psychological Assessment, 29(11), 1363–1375. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000441
10. 10. Doğrul, E., Dikmen, H.A. (2023). Gebelerde eş desteğinin annelik rolü, beden algısı ve distres düzeyi ile ilişkisi: tanımlayıcı bir çalışma. Selçuk Sağlık Dergisi, 4(2), 163-175. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ssd/issue/79928/1226245
11. 11. Steube, F., Löwe, B., Weigel, A. (2022). “Belly only pregnancy” content on social media and in internet blogs: a qualitative analysis on its definition and potential risks and benefits. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 27(7), 2435-2445.
12. 12. Baker, B., Yang, I. (2018). Social media as social support in pregnancy and the postpartum. Sexual and reproductive healthcare. Official Journal of The Swedish Association of Midwives, 17, 31–34. https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Srhc.2018.05.003
13. 13. Becker, E., Rodgers, R.F., Zimmerman, E. (2022). #Body goals or #bopo? exposure to pregnancy and post-partum related social media images: effects on the body image and mood of women in the peri-pregnancy period. Body İmage, 42, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.04.010
14. 14. Dalky, H.F., Al Momani, M.H., Al-Drabaah, T.K., Jarrah, S. (2017). Eating habits and associated factors among adolescent students in Jordan. Clinical Nursing Research, 26(4), 538–552. https://doi.org/10.1177/1054773816646308
15. 15. Rodgers, R.F., Slater, A., Gordon, C.S., Mclean, S.A., Jarman, H.K., Paxton, S.J. (2020). A biopsychosocial model of social media use and body image concerns, disordered eating, and muscle-building behaviors among adolescent girls and boys. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 49, 399-409.
16. 16. Harpel, T. (2018). Pregnant women sharing pregnancy-related information on Facebook: web-based survey study. Journal of Medical İnternet Research, 20(3), E115. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.7753
17. 17. Roberts, J., Griffiths, F.E., Verran. A., Ayre, C. (2015). Why do women seek ultrasound scans from commercial providers during pregnancy? Sociology of Health and İllness, 37(4), 594–609. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.12218
18. 18. Fardouly, J., Vartanian, L.R. (2015). Negative comparisons about one's appearance mediate the relationship between Facebook usage and body image concerns. Body İmage, 12, 82–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.10.004
19. 19. Hicks, S., Brown, A. (2016). Higher Facebook use predicts greater body image dissatisfaction during pregnancy: the role of self-comparison. Midwifery, 40, 132–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2016.06.018
20. 20. Mayoh, J. (2019). Perfect pregnancy? Pregnant bodies, digital leisure and the presentation of self. Leisure Studies, 38(2), 204-217.
21. 21. Zeeni, N., Abi Kharma, J., Mattar, L. (2021). Social media use impacts body image and eating behavior in pregnant women. Current Psychology, 42(6), 4948-4955.
22. 22. Bergmeier, H., Hill, B., Haycraft, E., Blewitt, C., Lim, S., Meyer, C., et al. (2020). Maternal body dissatisfaction in pregnancy, postpartum and early parenting: an overlooked factor implicated in maternal and childhood obesity risk. Appetite, 147, 104525.
23. 23. Przybyła, Basista, H., Kwiecińska, E., Ilska, M. (2020). Body acceptance by pregnant women and their attitudes toward pregnancy and maternity as predictors of prenatal depression. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(24), 9436. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249436
24. 24. Fuller, Tyszkiewicz, M., Skouteris, H., Watson, B.E, Hill, B. (2013). Body dissatisfaction during pregnancy: a systematic review of cross-sectional and prospective correlates. Journal of Health Psychology, 18(11), 1411–1421. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105312462437
25. 25. Brown, A., Rance, J., Warren, L. (2015). Body image concerns during pregnancy are associated with a shorter breast feeding duration. Midwifery, 31(1), 80–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2014.06.003
26. 26. Spinoni, M., Singh, Solorzano, C., Grano, C. (2023). A prospective study on body image disturbances during pregnancy and postpartum: the role of cognitive reappraisal. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1200819. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1200819
27. 27. Bayköse, N., Esin, İ. (2020). Fit olmayı teşvik eden fotoğraflar ve paylaşımlar: beden tatminsizliği ve beden imajı arasındaki ilişkisi üzerine bir derleme. Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 420-436.
28. 28. Coyne, S.M., Liechty, T., Collier, K.M., Sharp, A.D., Davis, E.J., Kroff, S.L. (2018). The effect of media on body image in pregnant and postpartum women. Health Communication, 33(7), 793-799.
29. 29. Tiggemann, M., Anderberg, I. (2020). Social media is not real: the effect of ‘Instagram vs reality’images on women’s social comparison and body image. New Media and Society, 22(12), 2183-2199.
30. 30. Dejonckheere, M., Nichols, L.P., Vydiswaran, V.V., Zhao, X., Collins-Thompson, K., Resnicow, K., et al. (2019). Using text messaging, social media, and interviews to understand what pregnant youth think about weight gain during pregnancy. Jmır Formative Research, 3(2), E11397.
31. 31. Marshall, E., Moon, M.A., Mirchandani, A., Smith, D.G., Nichols, L.P., Zhao, X., et al. (2019). "Baby wants tacos": analysis of health-related Facebook posts from young pregnant women. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 23(10), 1400–1413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-019-02776-7
32. 32. Gerges, S., Obeid, S., Hallit, S. (2023). Pregnancy through the looking-glass: correlates of disordered eating attitudes among a sample of lebanese pregnant women. BMC Psychiatry, 23(1), 699. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-05205-w
33. 33. Sun, Y., Liu, D., Chen, S., Wu, X., Shen, X.L., Zhang, X. (2017). Understanding users' switching behavior of mobile instant messaging applications: An empirical study from the perspective of push-pull-mooring framework. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 727-738.
34. 34. Dhir, A., Yossatorn, Y., Kaur, P., Chen, S. (2018). Online social media fatigue and psychological wellbeing—A study of compulsive use, fear of missing out, fatigue, anxiety and depression. International Journal of İnformation Management, 40, 141-152.
35. 35. Talebi, E., Mohaddesi, H., Vahabzadeh, D., Rasuli, J. (2022). Examination of influence of social media education through mobile phones on the change in physical activity and sedentary behavior in pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Women's Health, 22(1), 152.
36. 36. Deniz, L., Tutgun-Ünal, A. (2019). Sosyal medya çağında kuşakların sosyal medya kullanımı ve değerlerine yönelik bir dizi ölçek geliştirme çalışması. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(18), 1025-1057.
37. 37. Kirk, E., Preston, C. (2019). Development and validation of the body understanding measure for pregnancy scale (bumps) and its role in antenatal attachment. Psychological Assessment, 31(9), 1092–1106. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000736