The Effects of Branching-promoter Treatments on Nursery Tree Quality in Braeburn and Granny Smith Apple Cultivars

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 1, 86 - 101, 24.06.2022

Ersin Atay Fatma Koyuncu

https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.1130162

Öz

Nursery tree quality significantly affects the early-age cropping and profitability of modern orchards. In this study, in addition to the commonly used nursery tree production method Control (T budding), comprehensive trials during two growing seasons have been carried out to determine the effect of different approaches such as T budding+branching agent (PR) ('T budding+PR'), 'Knipboom(50)', 'Knipboom(70)' and 'Fruitful Tree' on nursery tree quality and physiology. Braeburn and Granny Smith apple cultivars onto MM.106 rootstock were used as plant material. Measurements and observations such as long branch number, branch angle, branch length, branch thickness, trunk cross-section area, the number of leaves, tree height, plant nutrient analysis and leaf fall time were determined separately for both tree production seasons. With the 'Fruitful Tree' method, median values of 13 per tree in Braeburn cultivar and 4 per tree in Granny Smith cultivar were obtained for long branches (>25 cm) in the first trial year. In the second trial year, these values were determined as 13 and 6 trees, respectively. In the Braeburn cultivar, the highest numbers of long branches and leaves were recorded for the 'Fruitful Tree' method in both experimental years. The nutrient content findings did not differ significantly according to the nursery tree production methods and cultivars. These results show that nursery trees can be produced with different approaches for different cultivar/rootstock combinations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Apical dominance, BA+GA4+7, branching, knipboom, MM.106

Dallanmayı Teşvik Eden Uygulamaların Braeburn ve Granny Smith Elma Çeşitlerinde Fidan Kalitesine Etkileri

Öz

Fidan kalitesi, modern meyve bahçelerinin meyveye yatma yaşı ve karlılığı üzerinde oldukça önemli etkilere sahiptir. Bu çalışmada yaygın olarak kullanılan fidan üretim yönteminin Kontrol (Tgöz aşı) yanı sıra; Tgöz aşı+dallanma ajanı (PR) (‘Tgöz+PR’), Dilcikli aşı+Tepe kesimi (50 cm)+PR (‘Tepe Kesimi (50))’, Dilcikli aşı+Tepe kesimi (70cm)+PR (‘Tepe Kesimi(70)’) ve (Dilcikli aşı+Çizme+PR) (Meyveli Fidan) gibi farklı yaklaşımların fidan kalitesi ve fizyolojisi üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek için, iki üretim dönemi süresince kapsamlı denemeler yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada bitkisel materyal olarak MM.106 anaçlı Braeburn ve Granny Smith elma çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Odun dalı sayısı, odun dalı açısı, odun dalı uzunluğu, odun dalı kalınlığı, gövde kesit alanı, yaprak sayısı, fidan boyu, bitki besin elementi analizleri ve yaprak döküm zamanı gibi ölçüm ve gözlemler her iki fidan üretim periyodu için ayrı ayrı belirlenmiştir. ‘Meyveli Fidan’ yöntemiyle 1. deneme yılında Braeburn çeşidinde 13 adet/fidan ve Granny Smith çeşidinde 4 adet/fidan odun dalı (>25 cm) medyan değerleri elde edilmiştir. 2. deneme yılında ise bu değerler, sırasıyla 13 ve 6 adet/fidan olarak belirlenmiştir. Braeburn çeşidinde her iki deneme yılında da odun dalı sayısı ve yaprak sayısı değerleri bakımından en yüksek değerler ‘Meyveli Fidan’ yönteminde meydana gelmiştir. Besin elementi içerikleri bakımından elde edilen bulguların, fidan üretim yöntemlerine ve çeşitlere göre genel olarak büyük farklılık göstermediği belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, farklı çeşit/anaç kombinasyonları için farklı yaklaşımlarla fidan üretimi yapılabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Apikal dominansi, BA+GA4+7, dallanma, knipboom, MM.106

Kaynakça

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