QUIET QUITTING AND QUIET FIRING SCALES: ADAPTATION STUDY INTO TURKISH

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2, 570 - 591, 30.06.2024

Lütfi Sürücü İlkay Güleryüz Ahmet Maşlakçı

https://doi.org/10.53443/anadoluibfd.1370880

Öz

The aim of this study is to contribute to both the academic and business worlds by adapting a scale into Turkish that will allow the quantitative measurement of these two new concepts. In this context, quite quitting and quite firing scales developed by Anand, Doll and Ray (2023) were adapted into Turkish. The data obtained as a result of the survey applied to a sample of employees in different sectors in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) was analyzed using SPSS v25 AMOS v22 software. Validity, reliability, factor analysis and correlation analysis were conducted and it was concluded that the quite quitting and quite firing scales are valid and reliable scales that can also be applied to the Turkish sample group. Thus, it is evaluated that the Turkish literature has been provided with a scale on which the concepts of quite quitting and quite firing can be measured empirically.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Quite Quitting, Quite Firing, Scale Development

SESSİZ İSTİFA VE SESSİZ İŞTEN ÇIKARMA ÖLÇEKLERİ: TÜRKÇEYE UYARLAMA ÇALIŞMASI

Öz

Yönetim alanında yaşanan değişim ve gelişmeler sürekli yeni kavramların da ortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Sessiz istifa ve sessiz işten çıkarma kavramları da bu şekilde ortaya çıkan yeni kavramlar arasında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bu iki yeni kavramın nicel olarak ölçülmesine imkân sağlayacak bir ölçeğin Türkçe uyarlanmasını sağlayarak, hem akademik hem de iş dünyasına katkı sağlamaktır. Bu kapsamda Anand, Doll ve Ray (2023) tarafından geliştirilen sessiz istifa ve sessiz işten çıkarma ölçeklerinin Türkçeye uyarlaması yapılmıştır. Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti (KKTC)’nde farklı sektörlerde çalışanların oluşturduğu örnekleme uygulanan anket sonucunda elde edilen veriler SPSS v25 AMOS v22 yazılımları kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Geçerlik, güvenirlik, faktör analizleri ve korelasyon analizi yapılmış ve istifa ve sessiz işten çıkarma ölçeklerinin Türk örneklem grubuna da uygulanabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir ölçekler olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Böylece Türk literatürüne sessiz istifa ve sessiz işten çıkarma kavramlarının ampirik olarak ölçülebileceği bir ölçek kazandırıldığı değerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sessiz İstifa, Sessiz İşten Çıkarma, Ölçek Uyarlama

Etik Beyan

Dünya Barış Üniversitesi Etik Kurulunda 17. 07.2033 tarihinde (WPU-ETK-2023 -26) etik kurul izni alınmıştır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Yoktur.

Teşekkür

Yoktur.

Kaynakça

• Adams, J. S. (1965). Inequity in social exchange. L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experi-mental social psychology (s. 267-300) içinde. New York: Academic Press.
• Anand, A., Doll, J. & Ray, P. (2023). Drowning in silence: A scale development and validation of quiet quitting and quiet firing. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 32(4), 721-743.
• Arasli, H., Altinay, L. & Arici, H. E. (2020). Seasonal employee leadership in the hospitality industry: A scale development. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32(6), 2195-2215.
• Atalay, M. & Dağıstan, U. (2023). Quiet quitting: A new wine in an old bottle?. Personnel Review. Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. doi: 10.1108/PR-02-2023-0122
• Aydin, E., & Azizoğlu, Ö. (2022). A new term for an existing concept: Quiet quit'ting-A self-determination perspective. B. Tunçsiper (Ed.). V.Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimlerde Kritik Tartışmalar Kongresi, Tam metin kitabı, 285-295.
• Bagozzi, R.P. & Yi, Y. (1988), On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94.
• Bhargava, E. (2022). What’s ‘quiet firing’: Understand when your boss forces you to leave without asking you to. www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/whats-quiet-firing-understandwhen-your-boss-forces-you-to-leave-without-asking-you-to/2919977/ adresinden erişildi. (Erişim tarihi: 17 Haziran 2023).
• Blau, P. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York: Wiley.
• Brin (2022). 70% Of SMBs note that quiet quitting spiked since COVID-19: 2022 study, https://upcity.com/experts/quiet-quitting-study/ adresinden erişildi. (Erişim tarihi: Haziran 2023).
• Brislin, R. W., Lonner, W. J. & Thorndike, R. M. (1973). Cross-cultural research methods. John Wiley: SonsPub.
• Buscaglia, M. (2022). A Quick Look at the Origins and Outcomes of the Trendy Term. Chicago Tribune. https://www.pressreader.com/usa/chicago-tribune-sunday/20220904/282226604550365 adresinden erişildi.
• Cheung, G. W. & Wang, C. (2017). Current approaches for assessing convergent and discriminant validity with SEM: Issues and solutions. Academy of Management, 2017(1), 01-21.
• Cropanzano, R. & Mitchell, M.S. (2005). Social exchange theory: an interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874-900.
• Demerouti, E. & Bakker, A. B. (2023). Job demands-resources theory in times of crises: New propositions. Organizational Psychology Review, 13(3), 209-236. doi: 10.1177/20413866221135022
• Doğan, N., Soysal, S. & Karaman, H. (2017). Aynı örnekleme açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi uygulanabilir mi?. Pegem Atıf İndeksi, 373-400.
• Díaz-Carrión, R., Navajas-Romero, V. & Casas-Rosal, J. C. (2020). Comparing working conditions and job satisfaction in hospitality workers across Europe. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 90(1), 102631.
• Eisenberger, R., Armeli, S., Rexwinkel, B., Lynch, P. D. & Rhoades, L. (2001). Reciprocation of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 42-51.
• Formica, S., & Sfodera, F. (2022). The great resignation and quiet quitting paradigm shifts: An overview of current situation and future research directions. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 31(8), 899-907.
• Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.
• Friganović, A., Selič, P. & Ilić, B. (2019). Stress and burnout syndrome and their associations with coping and job satisfaction in critical care nurses: A literature review. Psychiatria Danubina, 31(suppl. 1), 21-31.
• Gabelaia, I., & Bagociunaite, R. (2023). The impact of “quiet quitting” on overall organizational behavior and culture. I. Kabashkin, I. Yatskiv & O. Prentkovskis (Ed.). Reliability and Statistics in Transportation and Communication [Conference proceedings] (ss. 366-378) içinde. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
• Gordon, R. J. & Sayed, H. (2022). A new interpretation of productivity growth dynamics in the pre-pandemic and pandemic era us economy, 1950-2022 (No. w30267). National Bureau of Economic Research.
• Hambleton, R. K. & Bollwark, J. (1991). Adapting tests for use in different cultures: Technical issues and methods. Eric, 1–43.
• Hamouche, S., Koritos, C. & Papastathopoulos, A. (2023). Quiet quitting: Relationship with other concepts and implications for tourism and hospitality. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(12), 4297-4312.
• Hamouche, S., Koritos, C. & Papastathopoulos, A. (2023). Quiet quitting: Relationship with other concepts and implications for tourism and hospitality. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(12), 4297-4312.
• Harter, J. (2022). Is Quiet Quitting Real? https://www.gallup.com/work place/398306/quiet-quitting-real.aspx adresinden erişildi. (Erişim tarihi: 11 Eylül 2023).
• Herzberg, F. (1966). Work and the nature of man. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell.
• Keane, E. (2023). Quiet quitting: Navigating an old phenomenon in the new normal. college of science and health theses and dissertations https://via.library.depaul.edu/csh_etd/486. adresinden erişildi. (Erişim tarihi: 08 Eylül 2023).
• Khan, A. (2022). “Inside ‘quiet firing’: when your boss forces you to quit without asking you to”, www.vice.com/en/article/y3pqwg/quiet-firing-boss-work-job-mental-health adresinden erişildi. (Erişim tarihi: 01 Eylül 2023).
• Khan, A. K., Khalid, M., Abbas, N. & Khalid, S. (2022). COVID-19-related job insecurity and employees’ behavioral outcomes: Mediating role of emotional exhaustion and moderating role of symmetrical internal communication. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 34(7), 2496-2515.
• Kline, P. (2014). An easy guide to factor analysis. New York: Routledge.
• Lord, J. D. (2022). Quiet quitting is a new name for an old method of industrial action. The conversation. https://theconversation.com/quiet-quitting-is-a-new-name-for-an-old-method-of-industrial-action-189752 adresinden erişildi. (Erişim tarihi: Ağustos 2023)
• Lu, M., Al Mamun, A., Chen, X., Yang, Q., & Masukujjaman, M. (2023). Quiet quitting during COVID-19: The role of psychological empowerment. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 1-16.
• Marks, A. (2023). The great resignation in the UK–reality, fake news or something in between?. Personnel Review, 52(2), 408-414.
• Meydan, C. H. & Şeşen, H. (2011). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi AMOS uygulamaları. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
• Nunnally, J. & Bernstein, I. (1994). Psychometric theory (3. baskı.). McGraw-Hill, Inc.
• Peter, J. P. (1981). Construct validity: A review of basic issues and marketing practices. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(2), 133-145.
• Pevec, N. (2023). The concept of identifying factors of quiet quitting in organizations: An integrative literature review. Challenges of the Future, 1(2), 128-147.
• Porter, L.W. & Lawler, E.E. (1968). Managerial attitudes and performance. Homewood, IL.: Dorsey Press,
• Serenko, A. (2023), The great resignation: the great knowledge exodus or the onset of the Great Knowledge Revolution?, Journal of Knowledge Management, 27(4), 1042-1055.
• Schmitt, T. A.(2011). Current methodological considerations in exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 29, 304-321.
• Scheyett, A. (2023). Quiet quitting. Social Work, 68(1), 5-7.
• Small, J. (2022). Quiet firing’ is taking the workplace by storm. What is it exactly?, www. entrepreneur.com/starting-a-business/quiet-firing-is-taking-the-workplace-by-storm-what-is-it/ 435003 adresinden erişildi. (Erişim tarihi: Temmuz 2023).
• Smyth, C., Cortis, N. & Powell, A. (2021). University staff and flexible work: Inequalities, tensions and challenges. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 43(5), 489-504.
• Sürücü, L. & Maslakci, A. (2020). Validity and reliability in quantitative research. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 8(3), 2694-2726.
• Sürücü, L. & Maslakçı, A. (2021). Kapsayıcı liderlik ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 22(2), 201-215.
• Sürücü, L., Maslakcı, A. & Ertan, Ş. S. (2022). Statü kaygısı ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 25(1), 226-235.
• Sürücü, L., Şeşen, H. & Maslakçı, A. (2023). Regression, mediation/moderation, and structural equation modeling with SPSS, AMOS, and PROCESS Macro. Fransa: Livre de Lyon.
• Vohra, S. (2022). Quiet firing: How to tell if your boss is trying to get you to quit, www. gqindia.com/get-smart/content/quiet-firing-how-to-tell-if-your-boss-is-trying-to-get-you-to-quit adresinden erişildi. (Erişim tarihi: Haziran 2023).
• Wells, V. (2022). The quiet quitters are getting quiet fired: the silent war playing out in offices, https://financialpost.com/fp-work/quiet-quitters-quiet-fired adresinden erişildi. (Erişim tarihi: Haziran 2023).
• Whiston, S. C. (2012). Principles and applications of assessment in counseling. Boston: Cengage Learning.
• Wigert, B. (2022). Quiet firing: what it is and how to stop doing it. www.gallup.com/ workplace/404996/quiet-firing-stop-doing.aspx adresinden erişildi. (Erişim tarihi: 22 Temmuz 2023)
• Wu, T.-J., Zhang, R.-X. & Li, J.-M. (2023), How does emotional labor influence restaurant employees’ service quality during COVID-19? The roles of work fatigue and supervisor–subordinate Guanxi, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-09-2022-1060