COVID-19 Pandemisi Sırasında Sağlık Çalışanlarında Psikososyal Etkilenme ile İlişkili Risk Etkenleri ve Koruyucu Etkenler: Bir Sistematik Derleme

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 1, 122 - 140, 30.01.2021

Nermin Uyurdağ Gaye Eskicioğlu , Serkan Aksu , Ahmet Zihni Soyata

https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.783596

Cited By: 7

Öz

Amaç: COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında sağlık sistemlerinin olağandışı bir yükle karşı karşıya kalması ve dünya genelinde salgın kontrolü için kısıtlamalar uygulanması sağlık çalışanlarını psikososyal stres açısından risk grubu haline getirmiştir. Bu sistematik derlemede sağlık çalışanlarında COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında psikososyal etkilenme düzeylerinin ve ilişkili etkenlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: MEDLINE, ULAKBİM ve Türk Psikiyatri Dizini veri tabanlarında 20 Haziran 2020'ye dek olan makaleler incelenmiş, sağlık çalışanlarında psikososyal etkilenme düzeylerini geçerli ölçüm araçlarıyla değerlendiren yirmi beş araştırma değerlendirme kapsamına alınmıştır.

Bulgular: Araştırmaların on yedisinin Çin’de gerçekleştirildiği gözlenmiştir. Yirmi bir araştırmada anksiyete, on dokuz araştırmada depresyon, on iki araştırmada akut stres bozukluğu belirtileri/algılanan stres, sekiz araştırmada uykusuzluk/uyku kalitesi incelenmiştir. Koruyucu etkenler olarak üç araştırmada sosyal destek, iki araştırmada psikolojik dayanıklılık, bir araştırmada başa çıkma tarzları ve bir araştırmada özyeterlilik incelenmiştir.

Sonuç: Sağlık çalışanlarında en sık gözlenen durumlar sırasıyla anksiyete, depresyon ve akut stres bozukluğu olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmalarda genellikle ön hatlarda çalışan sağlık personelinde daha fazla psikososyal etkilenme olduğu ve salgının erken dönemlerinde daha fazla etkilenme olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Koruyucu etkenler olan sosyal destek, psikolojik dayanıklılık, özyeterlilik ve aktif başa çıkma tarzının stresin olumsuz etkilerine karşı tampon görevi üstlendiği gösterilmiştir. Sonuç olarak koruyucu ve sağaltıcı ruh sağlığı programlarının planlanması ve uygulanması için ülkemizde ve dünyada COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında sağlık çalışanlarında psikososyal etkilenme düzeylerini inceleyen daha çok araştırmaya gereksinim bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

akut stres bozukluğu, anksiyete bozuklukları, depresyon, pandemi, sağlık çalışanları

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Risk and Resilience Factors for Psychosocial Impact in Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

Öz

Aim: During COVID-19 pandemic; unusual workload of healthcare systems and restriction protocols to control the outbreak throughout the world make healthcare workers vulnerable to psychosocial stress. The aim of the present systematic review is to assess the psychosocial impact and related factors in healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods: A literature search was made for studies assessing psychosocial impact with valid measurement tools till 20th June 2020 in MEDLINE, ULAKBİM and Turk Psikiyatri Dizini databases. Twenty five research articles were included.

Results: Seventeen of the studies were conducted in China. Twenty one assessed depression, nineteen assessed anxiety, twelve assessed acute stress disorder symptoms or perceived stress and eight assessed insomnia and/or sleep quality. As protective factors, three studies assessed perceived social support, two assessed psychological resilience, one assessed coping styles and one assessed general self-efficacy.

Conclusion: The most common problems in healthcare workers were anxiety, depression and acute stress disorder, respectively. Studies generally reported more psychosocial impact in frontline medical workers and in earlier phases of the outbreak. As protective factors; social support, psychological resilience, active coping style and general self-efficacy serve as a buffer against negative consequences of stress. To conclude, more studies that assess psychosocial impact in healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic in our country and around the world are needed to plan and implement protective and therapeutic mental health programs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

acute stress disorder, anxiety disorders, depression, healthcare workers, pandemic

Kaynakça

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