TİLBAŞAR ORTA TUNÇ ÇAĞI MEZARI IŞIĞINDA PİŞMİŞ TOPRAK ÇIPLAK KADIN FİGÜRİNLERİ İLE İLGİLİ BAZI DÜŞÜNCELER

Öz

Gaziantep ilinin yaklaşık 32 km güneydoğusunda yer alan Tilbaşar, Fırat Nehri’nin batı kollarından biri olan Sacır Suyu’nun suladığı Oğuzeli (Tilbaşar) Ovası’na hâkim bir konumda bulunan önemli Tunç Çağı kentlerinden biridir. 1994-2006 yılları arasında yürütülen yüzey araştırması ve kazı çalışmalarından sonra duran kazılar, 2015 yılında, Sacır Suyu üzerine inşa edilen Doğanpınar Barajı Projesi kapsamında tekrar başlatılmıştır. Tilbaşar’ın baraj suyundan etkilenecek olan Güney Aşağı Şehrinde, 2017 yılında yapılan kurtarma kazıları sırasında açığa çıkartılan Orta Tunç Çağı basit toprak mezarı, buluntuları bakımından dikkat çekicidir. Mezar 10-11 yaşlarında bir çocuğa aittir. Çocuğun sağ göğsü üstünde bir adet siyah perdahlı şişe, sağ kolu etrafında deniz kabuğundan kolye taneleri, her iki omzu üstünde - ikisi sağlam, ikisi kırık - dört adet tunç iğne, sol kulağının altında iki tunç küpe ve boynunda çeşitli boyut ve şekillerde cam hamurundan boncuk tanelerinin arasında, bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturan üç adet pişmiş topraktan figürin bulunmuştur. Kolyenin bir parçası olan figürinler yassı formlu, kolları yana açık ve ayakta duran çıplak kadınları temsil eder. Bunlar, Leila Badre’nin “Klasik Orontes Tipi (MAI 2)” olarak tanımladığı ve Nicolò Marchetti’nin Orta Tunç Çağı IIB ve Geç Tunç Çağı IA’ya tarihlediği figürinlerdendir.

Kuzeybatı Suriye’de Orta Tunç Çağı’nın ayırt edici buluntuları arasında yer alan pişmiş toprak çıplak kadın figürinleri, kronolojik ve tipolojik gelişimi iyi tanımlanan söz konusu bölgenin Eski Suriye Dönemi görsel sanatının önemli temsilcilerindendir. Bu çalışma, Orta Tunç Çağı’nın pişmiş toprak çıplak kadın figürinlerinin ne şekilde kullanıldığı ile ilgili yeni bir öneri getirmektedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tilbaşar
• Orta Tunç Çağı
• Çıplak Kadın Figürini
• Pişmiş Toprak
• Eski Suriye Dönemi

Kaynakça

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