İnsan Merkezci Batılı Çevre Etiğine Karşı Afrika Çevre Etiği: Postkolonyal Bir Eleştiri

Öz

Dünyada çevre sorunları hızla artarken, bu sorunlardan sadece gelişmiş Batılı devletler değil, Afrika gibi sömürgeciliğe maruz kalmış coğrafyalar da nasibini almıştır. Dünyayı böylesine geniş ölçüde etkileyen çevre sorunları, özünde insan ile doğa arasındaki ilişkinin nasıl olması gerektiği üzerine eğilen çevre etiğinin başlıca ilgi alanı olmuştur. Söz konusu çevre etiği ise dünyanın farklı bölgelerinden çok sayıda görüş ve yaklaşımı içerir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; Afrika çevre etiğinin insan merkezci Batılı çevre etiği yaklaşımından farkını ortaya koymaktır. Bunun için öncelikle Batılı çevre etiğinin ve daha geniş bağlamda Afrika çevre etiğinin muhtevasına, daha sonrasında ise Afrika’dan Batıya ve insan merkezci Batılı çevre etiğine yönelik eleştirilere yer verilecektir. Söz konusu eleştiriler ise bunları daha uygun ifade etme olanağı sunan postkolonyal eleştiri çerçevesinde sunulacaktır. Çalışma sonucunda; kendi içerisinde daha yerel ve toplulukçu şekillerde bir çeşitlilik ve zenginlik barındırsa da belli ortak özelliklere dayanan Afrika çevre etiğinin, Batıda egemen olan insan merkezci çevre etiğinden farklı olduğu görülmüş ve ayrıca gelecek çalışmalar için önerilerde de bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afrika çevre etiği
• Batılı çevre etiği
• insan merkezcilik
• postkolonyal eleştiri

African Environmental Ethics Against Anthropocentric Western Environmental Ethics: A Postcolonial Criticism

Abstract

While environmental problems are increasing rapidly in the world, these problems have effected not only developed Western states but also geographies exposed to colonialism such as Africa. Environmental problems, which affect the world so widely, have been the main area of interest of environmental ethics, which essentially focuses on how the relationship between human and nature should be. The environmental ethics in question includes many views and approaches from different parts of the world. The aim of this study is to reveal the difference of African environmental ethics from the anthropocentric Western environmental ethics approach. For this, it will be uncluded, first of all, the content of Western and African environmental ethics, and then the criticisms of Africa to anthropocentric Western environmental ethics. These criticisms will be presented within the framework of postcolonial criticism, which offers the opportunity to express them more appropriately. In the results of study; it has been seen that African environmental ethics, which is based on certain common features despite the diversity in, is different from the anthropocentric environmental ethics prevailing in the West, and also suggestions for future studies have been made.

Keywords

• African environmental ethics
• Western enviromental ethics
• anthropocentrism
• postcolonial criticism

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