Comparative Analysis of Migration Policies of Turkey and the EU

Öz

The primary aim of this study is to analyze the migration governance and the differences in integration policies implemented by Turkey and EU countries by comparing their migration policies at historical, legal, and practical levels. In this context, the study evaluates the migration policies in Turkey, beginning with those shaped during the early nation-state building period, and extends to the Temporary Protection model developed in response to the recent Syrian-origin forced migration crises. Concurrently, it examines the longer-term and more institutionalized migration policies of EU countries such as Germany, France, Italy, and Scandinavian nations through a historical chronology. The methodology of the study incorporates a comparative analysis method, utilizing reports published by international and national organizations, including Eurostat, UNHCR, Frontex, and Turkey’s Directorate General of Migration Management (DGMM), alongside existing literature and case studies as data sources. These data are analyzed and interpreted to provide a comprehensive perspective. In conclusion, significant differences have been identified between Turkey and the EU in terms of integration strategies, burden-sharing of migration, and human rights-focused approaches. The study suggests that adopting a more sustainable and human rights-centered approach to migration governance is imperative. For instance, it recommends that Turkey construct its integration policies on a more institutional framework, while the EU should ensure a fairer distribution of the migration burden.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Migration policies
• Turkey
• EU

Türkiye ve AB’nin Göç Politikalarının Karşılaştırmalı Analizi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı Türkiye ile AB ülkelerinin göç politikalarını tarihsel, yasal ve uygulama düzeyinde karşılaştırmak suretiyle, söz konusu ülkelerin göç yönetimini ve uygulanan entegrasyon politikalarındaki farklılıkları analiz etmektir. Bu kapsamda çalışma, Türkiye’de ilk dönemden itibaren ulus-devlet inşası üzerinden ortaya konulan göç politikalarından başlayarak, son dönemde meydana gelen Suriye kökenli zorunlu göç nedeniyle ortaya çıkan krizlere yanıt niteliğinde geliştirilen geçici koruma modeline kadarki süreç değerlendirilmekte, diğer taraftan Almanya, Fransa, İtalya ve İskandinav ülkeleri gibi AB ülkelerinin ortaya koyduğu daha uzun vadeli ve kurumsal göç politikaları tarihsel bağlamda bir kronoloji izlenerek karşılaştırmaktadır. Çalışmanın metodolojisi mevcut literatürün yanında, Eurostat, UNHCR/BMMYK, Frontex ve Türkiye Göç İdaresi Başkanlığı (GİB) gibi uluslararası ve ulusal kuruluşların yayınladığı raporlar, örnek vaka incelemeleri birer veri seti kaynağı olarak kullanılmıştır. Söz konusu veriler karşılaştırmalı analiz metodu kullanılmak suretiyle tartışılmış ve yorumlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak Türkiye ve AB arasında entegrasyon stratejileri, göç yükünün paylaşımı ve insan hakları odaklı yaklaşımlar bağlamında önemli farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda daha sürdürülebilir ve insan haklarını merkeze alan bir yaklaşımın benimsendiği bir göç yönetiminin ortaya konması, örneğin Türkiye’nin entegrasyon politikalarının daha kurumsal bir perspektif üzerine inşa etmesi, AB’nin ise göç yükünü adil bir şekilde paylaşması gerektiğini önermektedir.

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