Özel Gereksinimli Kardeşi Olan ve Olmayan Bireylerin Benlik Saygısı Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu araştırma, özel gereksinimli kardeşe sahip olma durumunun 14–20 yaş arası bireylerin benlik saygısı düzeyleriyle ilişkili olup olmadığını amaçlamaktadır. Nicel nedensel karşılaştırma modeliyle yürütülen çalışmada, ölçüt örnekleme ile seçilen 200 lise ve üniversite öğrencisinden özel gereksinimli kardeşi olan (ÖGK-var)=100, özel gereksinimli kardeşi olmayan (ÖGK-yok)=100 birey ile yapılmıştır. Araştırma verileri araştırmacı tafaından hazırlanan Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği Kısa Formu (RBSÖ-KF) aracılığıyla toplanmış; veriler SPSS 22.0’da bağımsız örneklem t-testi, iki faktörlü (faktöriyel) ANOVA ve ANCOVA ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, ÖGK-var grubunun ölçek puan ortalamasının ÖGK-yok grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Benlik saygısı puanlarının öğrenim düzeyi, anne-baba eğitim düzeyi ve hane gelir düzeyi değişkenlerine göre farklılaştığı; buna karşılık cinsiyet ve kardeş sayısı değişkenlerine göre anlamlı bir fark görülmemiştir. ÖGK-var grubu kendi içinde değerlendirildiğinde ise kardeşin cinsiyeti, engel grubu, eğitim alma durumu, eğitim kurumu ve yardıma ihtiyaç duyma değişkenleriyle benlik saygısı açısından anlamlı fark bulunmazken, kardeşin bakımıyla ilgili sorumluluk alma değişkeninde anlamlı farklılık saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak özel gereksinimli kardeşe sahip olmanın benlik saygısını olumsuz yönde etkileyebilen bir risk bağlamı oluşturduğu; buna karşılık sosyoekonomik/ebeveyn eğitimi gibi koruyucu etmenlerin benlik saygısı düzeylerini güçlendirebildiği söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• benlik saygısı
• özel gereksinimli kardeş
• özel gereksinimli kardeşi olan birey

Examination of Self-Esteem Levels of Individuals with and without Special-Needs Siblings

Abstract

This study aims to examine whether having a sibling with special needs is associated with self-esteem levels among individuals aged 14–20. Conducted using a quantitative causal-comparative design, the study included 200 high school and university students selected through criterion sampling: 100 participants who had a sibling with special needs (SSN-present) and 100 participants who did not (SSN-absent). Data were collected via a Personal Information Form developed by the researcher and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale–Short Form (RSES-SF). Analyses were performed in SPSS 22.0 using an independent-samples t-test, two-factor (factorial) ANOVA, and ANCOVA. The findings indicate a statistically significant difference between the groups, such that the SSN-present group’s mean self-esteem score differed significantly from that of the SSN-absent group. Self-esteem scores varied according to educational level, parental education level, and household income; however, no significant differences were observed with respect to gender or number of siblings. Within the SSN-present group, no significant differences in self-esteem were found in relation to the sibling’s gender, disability category, educational attendance status, type of educational institution, or level of need for assistance. By contrast, a significant difference was identified with respect to assuming caregiving responsibilities for the sibling. Overall, having a sibling with special needs may constitute a risk context that can adversely affect self-esteem. Conversely, protective factors—such as socioeconomic resources and parental education—may strengthen individuals’ self-esteem levels.

Keywords

• a siblings with disabilities
• an individual who has a sibling with special needs
• self-esteem

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