Bagirsak Mikrobiyomu ve Probiyotiklerin Nörotransmitterler üzerine etkileri

Kerem Ural; Tahir Özalp; Hasan Erdoğan; Serdar Paşa; Songül Erdoğan; Ayşe İdil Kizilkanat

TR EN

Bagirsak Mikrobiyomu ve Probiyotiklerin Nörotransmitterler üzerine etkileri

Öz

Bağırsak–beyin ekseni, bağırsak mikrobiyotası ile merkezi sinir sistemi arasında sinirsel, immünolojik ve metabolik yolaklar üzerinden çift yönlü iletişimi sağlayan karmaşık bir ağdır ve bu eksende vagus siniri, enterik sinir sistemi ve mikrobiyal metabolitler temel rol oynar. Son yıllarda artan kanıtlar, bağırsak mikrobiyotasının yalnızca gastrointestinal fizyolojiyi değil; duygu durum, biliş ve davranış gibi merkezi sinir sistemi işlevlerini de düzenlediğini göstermektedir. Mikrobiyota tarafından üretilen veya metabolize edilen nörotransmitterler (glutamat, GABA, serotonin, dopamin ve norepinefrin), bunların öncülleri (triptofan, tirozin) ve kısa zincirli yağ asitleri, afferent vagal yolaklar, enteroendokrin hücreler ve immün sinyalizasyon aracılığıyla beyin fonksiyonlarını etkileyebilmektedir. Bu derleme, bağırsak mikrobiyotası ile nörotransmisyon arasındaki ilişkiyi ayrıntılı biçimde ele alarak, mikrobiyal kaynaklı metabolitlerin nörotransmitter sentezi, salınımı ve reseptör düzeyindeki etkilerini tartışmaktadır. Ayrıca, bağırsak–beyin eksenindeki bozulmaların depresyon, anksiyete, otizm spektrum bozukluğu, Parkinson ve Alzheimer hastalığı gibi nöropsikiyatrik ve nörodejeneratif hastalıkların patofizyolojisiyle ilişkisi değerlendirilmektedir. Mevcut veriler, mikrobiyota hedefli yaklaşımların nörolojik ve psikiyatrik hastalıkların önlenmesi ve tedavisinde umut vadeden stratejiler sunabileceğini düşündürmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

bağırsak-beyin ekseni, Mikrobiyota, Nörotransmiterler, Kısa zincirli yağ asitleri

The Gut Microbiome and the Effects of Probiotics on Neurotransmitters

Öz

The gut–brain axis is a complex network that enables bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system through neural, immunological, and metabolic pathways, in which the vagus nerve, the enteric nervous system, and microbial metabolites play central roles. Growing evidence in recent years indicates that the gut microbiota regulates not only gastrointestinal physiology but also central nervous system functions such as mood, cognition, and behavior. Neurotransmitters produced or metabolized by the microbiota (glutamate, GABA, serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine), their precursors (tryptophan, tyrosine), and short-chain fatty acids can influence brain function via afferent vagal pathways, enteroendocrine cells, and immune signaling. This review addresses in detail the relationship between the gut microbiota and neurotransmission, discussing the effects of microbially derived metabolites on neurotransmitter synthesis, release, and receptor-level signaling. In addition, the association between disruptions of the gut–brain axis and the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders such as depression, anxiety, autism spectrum disorder, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease is evaluated. Current evidence suggests that microbiota-targeted approaches may offer promising strategies for the prevention and treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gut–brain axis, microbiota, neurotransmitters, short-chain fatty acids

Kaynakça

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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Türkçe

Konular

Veteriner Bilimleri (Diğer)

Bölüm

Derleme

Yazarlar

Kerem Ural
0000-0003-1867-7143
Türkiye

Tahir Özalp ^*
0000-0002-9873-0364
Türkiye

Hasan Erdoğan
0000-0001-5141-5108
Türkiye

Serdar Paşa
0000-0003-4957-9263
Türkiye

Songül Erdoğan
0000-0002-7833-5519
Türkiye

Ayşe İdil Kizilkanat
0009-0001-4185-3224
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Haziran 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

4 Mart 2026

Kabul Tarihi

19 Haziran 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA95AA49TU

APA

Ural, K., Özalp, T., Erdoğan, H., Paşa, S., Erdoğan, S., & Kizilkanat, A. İ. (2026). Bagirsak Mikrobiyomu ve Probiyotiklerin Nörotransmitterler üzerine etkileri. Antakya Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(1), 34-47. https://izlik.org/JA95AA49TU

AMA

1.Ural K, Özalp T, Erdoğan H, Paşa S, Erdoğan S, Kizilkanat Aİ. Bagirsak Mikrobiyomu ve Probiyotiklerin Nörotransmitterler üzerine etkileri. Antakya Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;5(1):34-47. https://izlik.org/JA95AA49TU

Chicago

Ural, Kerem, Tahir Özalp, Hasan Erdoğan, Serdar Paşa, Songül Erdoğan, ve Ayşe İdil Kizilkanat. 2026. “Bagirsak Mikrobiyomu ve Probiyotiklerin Nörotransmitterler üzerine etkileri”. Antakya Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi 5 (1): 34-47. https://izlik.org/JA95AA49TU.

EndNote

Ural K, Özalp T, Erdoğan H, Paşa S, Erdoğan S, Kizilkanat Aİ (01 Haziran 2026) Bagirsak Mikrobiyomu ve Probiyotiklerin Nörotransmitterler üzerine etkileri. Antakya Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi 5 1 34–47.

IEEE

[1]K. Ural, T. Özalp, H. Erdoğan, S. Paşa, S. Erdoğan, ve A. İ. Kizilkanat, “Bagirsak Mikrobiyomu ve Probiyotiklerin Nörotransmitterler üzerine etkileri”, Antakya Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 5, sy 1, ss. 34–47, Haz. 2026, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA95AA49TU

ISNAD

Ural, Kerem - Özalp, Tahir - Erdoğan, Hasan - Paşa, Serdar - Erdoğan, Songül - Kizilkanat, Ayşe İdil. “Bagirsak Mikrobiyomu ve Probiyotiklerin Nörotransmitterler üzerine etkileri”. Antakya Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi 5/1 (01 Haziran 2026): 34-47. https://izlik.org/JA95AA49TU.

JAMA

1.Ural K, Özalp T, Erdoğan H, Paşa S, Erdoğan S, Kizilkanat Aİ. Bagirsak Mikrobiyomu ve Probiyotiklerin Nörotransmitterler üzerine etkileri. Antakya Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;5:34–47.

MLA

Ural, Kerem, vd. “Bagirsak Mikrobiyomu ve Probiyotiklerin Nörotransmitterler üzerine etkileri”. Antakya Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 5, sy 1, Haziran 2026, ss. 34-47, https://izlik.org/JA95AA49TU.

Vancouver

1.Kerem Ural, Tahir Özalp, Hasan Erdoğan, Serdar Paşa, Songül Erdoğan, Ayşe İdil Kizilkanat. Bagirsak Mikrobiyomu ve Probiyotiklerin Nörotransmitterler üzerine etkileri. Antakya Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi [Internet]. 01 Haziran 2026;5(1):34-47. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA95AA49TU

Bagirsak Mikrobiyomu ve Probiyotiklerin Nörotransmitterler üzerine etkileri

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

The Gut Microbiome and the Effects of Probiotics on Neurotransmitters

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Konular

Bölüm

Yazarlar

Yayımlanma Tarihi

Gönderilme Tarihi

Kabul Tarihi

Yayımlandığı Sayı

IZ

Kaynak Göster