Capital-Nature Relation and the 21st Century Agrarian Question: Bridging Political Economy and Political Ecology

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1 , 198 - 231 , 13.02.2025

Zehra Taşdemir Yaşın

https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2025.08

Cited By: 2

https://izlik.org/JA55XK54BW

Öz

The 21st-century agrarian question is transforming in the context of an expanding and deepening domination of nature through global-scale capital accumulation processes. This article addresses the 21st-century agrarian question within a broader context of the socio-ecological contradictions of the capitalist world economy. It first presents a theoretical perspective to the understanding of the ecological contradictions of capitalism through a critical examination of existing eco-Marxist approaches. Then, through this perspective, it demonstrates the limitations of the traditional accounts of the agrarian question in the Marxist political economy in the contemporary historical context and specifies agrarian relations not only as a social relation of production but also as a socio-ecological relation of reproduction, problematizing how the latter has undergone major transformation. In this context, it discusses how agriculture is restructured as an extractive value model; how agriculture, land, resources and nature are increasingly and diversely dominated by global value relations and chains; and how these processes produce a socio-ecological crisis dynamic centered around agriculture, environment, food, and land. This discussion primarily offers a conceptual lens for understanding and exploring how the agrarian relations, the countryside and the relationship between capital and nature in Turkey have been reconfiguring, highlighting the significance of the political-ecological field created and expanded by rural-environmental movements in connection to this transformation and its socio-ecological contradictions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

21. Century Agrarian Question , Agrarian Question of Nature , Agro-Extractivism , Socio-Ecological Crisis , Political Ecology

Proje Numarası

ERC-2022-SYG REAL 101071647

Sermaye-Doğa İlişkisi ve 21. Yüzyıl Tarım Sorunu: Ekonomi-Politik ve Politik Ekolojiyi Buluşturmak

https://izlik.org/JA55XK54BW

Öz

21. yüzyıl tarım sorunu, küresel ölçekli sermaye birikimi süreçlerinin artan doğa tahakkümü üzerinden genişlemesi ve derinleşmesi kapsamında dönüşmektedir. Bu makale, 21. yüzyıl tarım sorununu kapitalist dünya ekonomisinin sosyo-ekolojik çelişkileri bağlamında ele almaktadır. Makale, öncelikle mevcut eko-Marksist yaklaşımların kritik bir incelemesi aracılığıyla kapitalizmin ekolojik çelişkilerini anlamaya yönelik teorik bir perspektif ortaya koymaktadır. Daha sonra bu yaklaşım üzerinden, Marksist ekonomi-politik literatürde geleneksel tarım sorunu anlatısının güncel tarihsel düzlemdeki sınırlarını göstermekte ve tarımı bir üretim alanı olmanın ötesinde, aynı zamanda sosyo-ekolojik bir yeniden üretim ilişkisi olarak konumlamakta ve bu ilişkinin nasıl bir dönüşüm geçirdiğini sorunsallaştırmaktadır. Bu kapsamda, tarımın ekstraktif bir değer üretim modeli olarak yeniden yapılandığı; bu doğrultuda tarım, toprak ve doğanın artan ve çeşitlenen biçimlerde küresel değer ilişkileri ve zinciri tarafından domine edildiği ve bu süreçlerin bir ürünü olarak tarım-çevre-gıda-toprak eksenli bir sosyo-ekolojik kriz dinamiği ortaya çıktığı tartışılmaktadır. Bu tartışma, Türkiye'de tarım ve kırın dönüşümü ile sermaye-doğa ilişkisinin tarihsel olarak nasıl yeniden inşa edildiğine dair kavramsal bir çerçeve sunmakta ve özellikle kırsal-çevre hareketlerinin genişlettiği politik-ekolojik alanın önemine ve bu dönüşümle ve sosyo-ekolojik krizle ilişkisine işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

21. Yüzyıl Tarım Sorunu , Doğa Eksenli Tarım Sorunu , Ekstraktif Tarım , Sosyo-Ekolojik Kriz , Politik Ekoloji

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma, Avrupa Birliği’nin Avrupa Araştırma Konseyi (ERC) Synergy Programı tarafından desteklenmiş ve REAL projesi (ERC-2022-SYG REAL 101071647) kapsamında fon almıştır.

Proje Numarası

ERC-2022-SYG REAL 101071647

Teşekkür

Özyeğin Üniversitesi LOAF Lab ve Yerküre Yerel Çalışmalar Kooperatifi bünyesinde “Türkiye Tarım Tartışmaları Mirası ve Geleceği Kuşaklar Arası Seminer Dizisi” adıyla Türkiye’de tarım ve kır tartışmalarına önemli bir güncel zemin kazandıran ve böylece bu makalenin hazırlanmasına vesile olan Candan Türkkan, Atakan Büke ve Murat Bayramoğlu’na ve değerlendirmeleriyle bu makaleye katkı sunan iki hakeme teşekkür ederim.

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