Beden, Abjeksiyon ve Patriarkal Tahakküm

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 311 - 331, 01.06.2022

Tuba Kancı , Umutcan Tarcan

https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2022.11

Öz

Julia Kristeva’nın psikanalitik kuramında abjeksiyon, yalnızca bedenin bilinç ve bilinçdışı ile etkileşimlerini ortaya koymak ile kalmaz; aynı zamanda beden imgelemi üzerindeki patriarkal tahakkümü de ifşa eder. Kristeva, abjeksiyonu fenomenolojik bir süje olarak kullanır ve onun deneyimler üzerindeki etkilerini post-feminist bir perspektiften inceler. Ona göre patriarkal tahakküm altında beliren deneyimler, tıpkı bedenin “atıkları” gibi maddi varoluş içerisinde sönümlenen, bayağı ve ötekileştirilmiş devinimlerdir. Bu çalışmada Julia Kristeva’nın abjeksiyon kuramından yararlanılarak bedenin pre-modern ve modern düşünce tarihi içerisindeki ikincil konumuna eleştiri getirilmesi ve beden imgelemi üzerindeki patriarkal tahakkümün yapıbozumuna uğratılması amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için çalışmanın ilk bölümünde bedenin Antikiteden modern sosyal kurama kadarki yolculuğu kronolojik bir perspektiften ele alınmış ve Immanuel Kant, Emile Durkheim gibi düşünürlere odaklanılarak tartışılmış; ikinci bölümünde psikanalistler Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler ve Jacques Lacan’ın öğretilerindeki beden ve psikoz ilişkisi açıklanmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde ise Kristeva’nın abjeksiyon kuramı açıklanmış, abjeksiyonun patriarkal inşası incelenmiştir. Çalışma ile bedeni patriarkal abjeksiyon içerisinden kurtarmanın feminist literatür yönünden geçerliliğini koruyan bir gereklilik olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Julia Kristeva, Abjeksiyon, Beden, Patriarkal Tahakküm, Psikanaliz

Body, Abjection, and the Patriarchal Domination

Öz

In Julia Kristeva’s psychoanalytic theory, abjection does not only reveal the interactions of the body with the conscious and unconscious; but also reveals the patriarchal domination of body imagery. Kristeva uses abjection as a phenomenological subject and examines its effects on experiences from a post-feminist perspective. According to them, the experiences that emerge under patriarchal domination are vulgar and marginalized movements that fade in material existence, just like the “wastes” of the body. This study aims to criticize the subordinate position of the body in the history of pre-modern and modern thought and deconstruct the patriarchal domination on the imagery of body by using Julia Kristeva's theory of abjection. Thus, in the first part, the journey of body from Antiquity to modern social theory is evaluated from a chronological perspective and discussed by focusing on thinkers such as Immanuel Kant and Emile Durkheim. In the second part, the relationship between body and psychosis in the doctrines of psychoanalysts Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler and Jacques Lacan is explained. In the third part, Kristeva’s abjection theory and the patriarchal construction of abjection are analyzed. The study concludes that rescuing the body from patriarchal abjection is a requirement that maintains its validity in terms of feminist literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Julia Kristeva, Abjection, Body, Patriarchal Domination, Psychoanalysis

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