Uluslararası İlişkilerde Teori Öğretimini Yeniden Düşünmek: Eleştirel Pedagojiler Temelinde Bir İnceleme

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 52 - 84, 13.02.2025

Çağlar Söker

https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2025.03

Öz

Bu makalede, Uluslararası İlişkilerde teori öğretimi eleştirel pedagojiler çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Eleştirel pedagojiler, öncelikle eğitimin, öğrenmenin ve üniversitenin neliği üzerine düşünerek yola çıkarlar. Bu konuda sorgulamalar yapmak, teori öğretiminde özgürleştirici ve yaratıcı yaklaşımlar geliştirebilmenin de ön koşuludur. Eğitimin ve üniversitenin ontolojisi üzerine düşünmek; öğretimin ideolojik yönlerini anlamak, teori-iktidar ilişkilerini keşfetmek ve teorilerdeki Batı’nın, devletin, sermayenin etkilerini görmek için fırsatlar sunar. Bu bağlamda eleştirel pedagojiler, teori öğretimini özgürlük, eşitlik ve adalet gibi değerler temelinde etik açıdan sorgulamak için imkânlar yaratır. Aynı zamanda eleştirel pedagojiler, teori öğretiminde kurumsallaşmış yolların ötesine geçme noktasında yeni bakış açıları kazandırır. Teori derslerinde tarihin ve felsefenin rolünü artırmak ya da insani ve ekolojik değerleri derslerde farklı açılardan tartışmak, öğrencilerin yalnızca teori nosyonunu ve mevcut teorileri kavramalarına değil; günümüzün küresel sorunlarını kuramsallaştırmalarına ve onların çözümüne dair bakış açıları geliştirmelerine yardımcı olur. Bunun yanı sıra, öğretimde yeni yöntemler ve teknikler üzerine düşünmek ve lisansüstü düzeyde pedagoji ile ilgili dersler açmak gibi adımlar, Uluslararası İlişkilerde daha eleştirel teori öğretimi için katkılar sağlayabilir. Ayrıca teori derslerinde, geleceğe yönelik “umutlu” bir perspektife sahip olmak hem yarının teorisyenlerinin daha özgün yaklaşımlar geliştirmeleri hem de daha iyi bir dünyanın inşası için önemlidir. Bu açıdan eleştirel bir iyimserlik, bugünkü haliyle uluslararası ilişkilere mahkûm olmadığımızı ve geleceğin, mevcut teorilerin öngördüğünden çok daha zengin olduğunu göstermek açısından en yapıcı tutumdur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uluslararası İlişkiler, Uluslararası İlişkiler Teorileri, Eleştirel Pedagoji, Anarşizm, Anarşist Pedagoji

Rethinking the Teaching of Theory in International Relations: An Analysis Based on Critical Pedagogies

Öz

This article analyzes the teaching of theory in International Relations within the framework of critical pedagogies. Critical pedagogies primarily begin by reflecting on the nature of education, learning, and the university. Engaging in inquiries in this regard is a prerequisite for developing emancipatory and creative approaches to the teaching of theory. Contemplating the ontology of education and the university offers opportunities to understand the ideological dimensions of teaching, explore the relationships between theory and power, and recognize the influences of the West, the state, and capital within theories. In this context, critical pedagogies create possibilities to ethically question the teaching of theory based on values such as freedom, equality, and justice. At the same time, critical pedagogies provide new perspectives to move beyond institutionalized approaches in the teaching of theory. Increasing the role of history and philosophy in theory courses or discussing humanitarian and ecological values from various angles in the classroom aids students not only in grasping the notion of theory and existing theories but also in theorizing and developing perspectives on solving contemporary global issues. Furthermore, reflecting on new methods and techniques in teaching, as well as introducing courses related to pedagogy at the postgraduate level, can contribute to a more critical approach to teaching theory in International Relations. Additionally, maintaining “hopefulness” for the future in theory courses is crucial for enabling future theorists to develop more original approaches and for constructing a better world. In this respect, critical optimism represents the most constructive attitude, demonstrating that we are not bound by the current state of international relations and that the future is far richer than what existing theories anticipate.

Anahtar Kelimeler

International Relations, International Relations Theories, Critical Pedagogy, Anarchism, Anarchist Pedagogy

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